Articles | Volume 19, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2947-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2947-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
07 Mar 2019
Research article |
| 07 Mar 2019
| 07 Mar 2019
Fine dust emissions from active sands at coastal Oceano Dunes, California
Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
Jasper F. Kok
Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
Raleigh L. Martin
Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
Nitzan Swet
Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er-Sheva 84105, Israel
Itzhak Katra
Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er-Sheva 84105, Israel
Thomas E. Gill
Department of Geological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
Richard L. Reynolds
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
Livia S. Freire
Graduate Program in Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR 80060, Brazil
Related authors
Cristina González-Flórez, Martina Klose, Andrés Alastuey, Sylvain Dupont, Jerónimo Escribano, Vicken Etyemezian, Adolfo Gonzalez-Romero, Yue Huang, Konrad Kandler, George Nikolich, Agnesh Panta, Xavier Querol, Cristina Reche, Jesús Yus-Díez, and Carlos Pérez García-Pando
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7177–7212, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7177-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7177-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric mineral dust consists of tiny mineral particles that are emitted by wind erosion from arid regions. Its particle size distribution (PSD) affects its impact on the Earth's system. Nowadays, there is an incomplete understanding of the emitted dust PSD and a lot of debate about its variability. Here, we try to address these issues based on the measurements performed during a wind erosion and dust emission field campaign in the Moroccan Sahara within the framework of FRAGMENT project.
Yue Huang, Jasper F. Kok, Masanori Saito, and Olga Muñoz
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2557–2577, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2557-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2557-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Global aerosol models and remote sensing retrievals use dust optical models with inconsistent and inaccurate dust shape approximations. Here, we present a new dust optical model constrained by measured dust shape distributions. This new dust optical model is an improvement on the current dust optical models used in models and retrieval algorithms, as quantified by comparisons against laboratory and field observations of dust optics.
Longlei Li, Natalie M. Mahowald, Jasper F. Kok, Xiaohong Liu, Mingxuan Wu, Danny M. Leung, Douglas S. Hamilton, Louisa K. Emmons, Yue Huang, Neil Sexton, Jun Meng, and Jessica Wan
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 8181–8219, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-8181-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-8181-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study advances mineral dust parameterizations in the Community Atmospheric Model (CAM; version 6.1). Efforts include 1) incorporating a more physically based dust emission scheme; 2) updating the dry deposition scheme; and 3) revising the gravitational settling velocity to account for dust asphericity. Substantial improvements achieved with these updates can help accurately quantify dust–climate interactions using CAM, such as the dust-radiation and dust–cloud interactions.
Paola Formenti, Claudia Di Biagio, Yue Huang, Jasper Kok, Marc Daniel Mallet, Damien Boulanger, and Mathieu Cazaunau
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-403, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-403, 2021
Publication in AMT not foreseen
Short summary
Short summary
This paper provides with standardized correction factors for the measurements of the most common instruments used in the atmosphere to measure the concentration per size of aerosol particles. These correction factors are provided to users with supplementary information for their use.
Akinori Ito, Adeyemi A. Adebiyi, Yue Huang, and Jasper F. Kok
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16869–16891, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16869-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16869-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We improve the simulated dust properties of size-resolved dust concentration and particle shape. The improved simulation suggests much less atmospheric radiative heating near the major source regions, because of enhanced longwave warming at the surface by the synergy of coarser size and aspherical shape. Less intensified atmospheric heating could substantially modify the vertical temperature profile in Earth system models and thus has important implications for the projection of dust feedback.
Martina Klose, Oriol Jorba, María Gonçalves Ageitos, Jeronimo Escribano, Matthew L. Dawson, Vincenzo Obiso, Enza Di Tomaso, Sara Basart, Gilbert Montané Pinto, Francesca Macchia, Paul Ginoux, Juan Guerschman, Catherine Prigent, Yue Huang, Jasper F. Kok, Ron L. Miller, and Carlos Pérez García-Pando
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 6403–6444, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-6403-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-6403-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Mineral soil dust is a major atmospheric airborne particle type. We present and evaluate MONARCH, a model used for regional and global dust-weather prediction. An important feature of the model is that it allows different approximations to represent dust, ranging from more simplified to more complex treatments. Using these different treatments, MONARCH can help us better understand impacts of dust in the Earth system, such as its interactions with radiation.
Jasper F. Kok, Adeyemi A. Adebiyi, Samuel Albani, Yves Balkanski, Ramiro Checa-Garcia, Mian Chin, Peter R. Colarco, Douglas S. Hamilton, Yue Huang, Akinori Ito, Martina Klose, Danny M. Leung, Longlei Li, Natalie M. Mahowald, Ron L. Miller, Vincenzo Obiso, Carlos Pérez García-Pando, Adriana Rocha-Lima, Jessica S. Wan, and Chloe A. Whicker
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 8127–8167, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8127-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8127-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Desert dust interacts with virtually every component of the Earth system, including the climate system. We develop a new methodology to represent the global dust cycle that integrates observational constraints on the properties and abundance of desert dust with global atmospheric model simulations. We show that the resulting representation of the global dust cycle is more accurate than what can be obtained from a large number of current climate global atmospheric models.
Jasper F. Kok, Adeyemi A. Adebiyi, Samuel Albani, Yves Balkanski, Ramiro Checa-Garcia, Mian Chin, Peter R. Colarco, Douglas S. Hamilton, Yue Huang, Akinori Ito, Martina Klose, Longlei Li, Natalie M. Mahowald, Ron L. Miller, Vincenzo Obiso, Carlos Pérez García-Pando, Adriana Rocha-Lima, and Jessica S. Wan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 8169–8193, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8169-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8169-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The many impacts of dust on the Earth system depend on dust mineralogy, which varies between dust source regions. We constrain the contribution of the world’s main dust source regions by integrating dust observations with global model simulations. We find that Asian dust contributes more and that North African dust contributes less than models account for. We obtain a dataset of each source region’s contribution to the dust cycle that can be used to constrain dust impacts on the Earth system.
Danny M. Leung, Jasper F. Kok, Longlei Li, David M. Lawrence, Natalie M. Mahowald, Simone Tilmes, and Erik Kluzek
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1124, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1124, 2024
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
This study derives a desert dust emission dataset for 1841–2000, by employing a combination of observed dust records from sedimentary cores as well as reanalyzed global dust cycle constraints. We evaluate the ability of global models to replicate the observed historical dust variability by using the emission dataset to force a historical simulation in an Earth system model. We show that prescribing our emissions forces the model to match better against observations than other mechanistic models.
Danny M. Leung, Jasper F. Kok, Longlei Li, Natalie M. Mahowald, David M. Lawrence, Simone Tilmes, Erik Kluzek, Martina Klose, and Carlos Pérez García-Pando
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2287–2318, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2287-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2287-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study uses a premier Earth system model to evaluate a new desert dust emission scheme proposed in our companion paper. We show that our scheme accounts for more dust emission physics, hence matching better against observations than other existing dust emission schemes do. Our scheme's dust emissions also couple tightly with meteorology, hence likely improving the modeled dust sensitivity to climate change. We believe this work is vital for improving dust representation in climate models.
Natalie M. Mahowald, Longlei Li, Samuel Albani, Douglas S. Hamilton, and Jasper F. Kok
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 533–551, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-533-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-533-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Estimating past aerosol radiative effects and their uncertainties is an important topic in climate science. Aerosol radiative effects propagate into large uncertainties in estimates of how present and future climate evolves with changing greenhouse gas emissions. A deeper understanding of how aerosols interacted with the atmospheric energy budget under past climates is hindered in part by a lack of relevant paleo-observations and in part because less attention has been paid to the problem.
Jianyu Zheng, Zhibo Zhang, Hongbin Yu, Anne Garnier, Qianqian Song, Chenxi Wang, Claudia Di Biagio, Jasper F. Kok, Yevgeny Derimian, and Claire Ryder
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8271–8304, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8271-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8271-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a multi-year satellite-based retrieval of dust optical depth at 10 µm and the coarse-mode dust effective diameter over global oceans. It reveals climatological coarse-mode dust transport patterns and regional differences over the North Atlantic, the Indian Ocean and the North Pacific.
Cristina González-Flórez, Martina Klose, Andrés Alastuey, Sylvain Dupont, Jerónimo Escribano, Vicken Etyemezian, Adolfo Gonzalez-Romero, Yue Huang, Konrad Kandler, George Nikolich, Agnesh Panta, Xavier Querol, Cristina Reche, Jesús Yus-Díez, and Carlos Pérez García-Pando
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7177–7212, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7177-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7177-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric mineral dust consists of tiny mineral particles that are emitted by wind erosion from arid regions. Its particle size distribution (PSD) affects its impact on the Earth's system. Nowadays, there is an incomplete understanding of the emitted dust PSD and a lot of debate about its variability. Here, we try to address these issues based on the measurements performed during a wind erosion and dust emission field campaign in the Moroccan Sahara within the framework of FRAGMENT project.
Danny M. Leung, Jasper F. Kok, Longlei Li, Gregory S. Okin, Catherine Prigent, Martina Klose, Carlos Pérez García-Pando, Laurent Menut, Natalie M. Mahowald, David M. Lawrence, and Marcelo Chamecki
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6487–6523, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6487-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6487-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Desert dust modeling is important for understanding climate change, as dust regulates the atmosphere's greenhouse effect and radiation. This study formulates and proposes a more physical and realistic desert dust emission scheme for global and regional climate models. By considering more aeolian processes in our emission scheme, our simulations match better against dust observations than existing schemes. We believe this work is vital in improving dust representation in climate models.
Yue Huang, Jasper F. Kok, Masanori Saito, and Olga Muñoz
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2557–2577, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2557-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2557-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Global aerosol models and remote sensing retrievals use dust optical models with inconsistent and inaccurate dust shape approximations. Here, we present a new dust optical model constrained by measured dust shape distributions. This new dust optical model is an improvement on the current dust optical models used in models and retrieval algorithms, as quantified by comparisons against laboratory and field observations of dust optics.
Hyungwon John Park, Jeffrey S. Reid, Livia S. Freire, Christopher Jackson, and David H. Richter
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 7171–7194, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-7171-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-7171-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We use numerical models to study field measurements of sea spray aerosol particles and conclude that both the atmospheric state and the methods of instrument sampling are causes for the variation in the production rate of aerosol particles: a critical metric to learn the aerosol's effect on processes like cloud physics and radiation. This work helps field observers improve their experimental design and interpretation of measurements because of turbulence in the atmosphere.
Longlei Li, Natalie M. Mahowald, Jasper F. Kok, Xiaohong Liu, Mingxuan Wu, Danny M. Leung, Douglas S. Hamilton, Louisa K. Emmons, Yue Huang, Neil Sexton, Jun Meng, and Jessica Wan
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 8181–8219, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-8181-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-8181-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study advances mineral dust parameterizations in the Community Atmospheric Model (CAM; version 6.1). Efforts include 1) incorporating a more physically based dust emission scheme; 2) updating the dry deposition scheme; and 3) revising the gravitational settling velocity to account for dust asphericity. Substantial improvements achieved with these updates can help accurately quantify dust–climate interactions using CAM, such as the dust-radiation and dust–cloud interactions.
Qianqian Song, Zhibo Zhang, Hongbin Yu, Jasper F. Kok, Claudia Di Biagio, Samuel Albani, Jianyu Zheng, and Jiachen Ding
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13115–13135, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13115-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13115-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study developed a dataset that enables us to efficiently calculate dust direct radiative effect (DRE, i.e., cooling or warming our planet) for any given dust size distribution in addition to three sets of dust mineral components and two dust shapes. We demonstrate and validate the method of using this dataset to calculate dust DRE. Moreover, using this dataset we found that dust mineral composition is a more important factor in determining dust DRE than dust size and shape.
Antonis Gkikas, Emmanouil Proestakis, Vassilis Amiridis, Stelios Kazadzis, Enza Di Tomaso, Eleni Marinou, Nikos Hatzianastassiou, Jasper F. Kok, and Carlos Pérez García-Pando
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 3553–3578, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3553-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3553-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present a comprehensive climatological analysis of dust optical depth (DOD) relying on the MIDAS dataset. MIDAS provides columnar mid-visible (550 nm) DOD at fine spatial resolution (0.1° × 0.1°) over a 15-year period (2003–2017). In the current study, the analysis is performed at various spatial (from regional to global) and temporal (from months to years) scales. More specifically, focus is given to specific regions hosting the major dust sources as well as downwind areas of the planet.
Paola Formenti, Claudia Di Biagio, Yue Huang, Jasper Kok, Marc Daniel Mallet, Damien Boulanger, and Mathieu Cazaunau
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-403, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-403, 2021
Publication in AMT not foreseen
Short summary
Short summary
This paper provides with standardized correction factors for the measurements of the most common instruments used in the atmosphere to measure the concentration per size of aerosol particles. These correction factors are provided to users with supplementary information for their use.
Akinori Ito, Adeyemi A. Adebiyi, Yue Huang, and Jasper F. Kok
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16869–16891, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16869-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16869-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We improve the simulated dust properties of size-resolved dust concentration and particle shape. The improved simulation suggests much less atmospheric radiative heating near the major source regions, because of enhanced longwave warming at the surface by the synergy of coarser size and aspherical shape. Less intensified atmospheric heating could substantially modify the vertical temperature profile in Earth system models and thus has important implications for the projection of dust feedback.
Martina Klose, Oriol Jorba, María Gonçalves Ageitos, Jeronimo Escribano, Matthew L. Dawson, Vincenzo Obiso, Enza Di Tomaso, Sara Basart, Gilbert Montané Pinto, Francesca Macchia, Paul Ginoux, Juan Guerschman, Catherine Prigent, Yue Huang, Jasper F. Kok, Ron L. Miller, and Carlos Pérez García-Pando
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 6403–6444, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-6403-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-6403-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Mineral soil dust is a major atmospheric airborne particle type. We present and evaluate MONARCH, a model used for regional and global dust-weather prediction. An important feature of the model is that it allows different approximations to represent dust, ranging from more simplified to more complex treatments. Using these different treatments, MONARCH can help us better understand impacts of dust in the Earth system, such as its interactions with radiation.
Jasper F. Kok, Adeyemi A. Adebiyi, Samuel Albani, Yves Balkanski, Ramiro Checa-Garcia, Mian Chin, Peter R. Colarco, Douglas S. Hamilton, Yue Huang, Akinori Ito, Martina Klose, Danny M. Leung, Longlei Li, Natalie M. Mahowald, Ron L. Miller, Vincenzo Obiso, Carlos Pérez García-Pando, Adriana Rocha-Lima, Jessica S. Wan, and Chloe A. Whicker
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 8127–8167, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8127-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8127-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Desert dust interacts with virtually every component of the Earth system, including the climate system. We develop a new methodology to represent the global dust cycle that integrates observational constraints on the properties and abundance of desert dust with global atmospheric model simulations. We show that the resulting representation of the global dust cycle is more accurate than what can be obtained from a large number of current climate global atmospheric models.
Jasper F. Kok, Adeyemi A. Adebiyi, Samuel Albani, Yves Balkanski, Ramiro Checa-Garcia, Mian Chin, Peter R. Colarco, Douglas S. Hamilton, Yue Huang, Akinori Ito, Martina Klose, Longlei Li, Natalie M. Mahowald, Ron L. Miller, Vincenzo Obiso, Carlos Pérez García-Pando, Adriana Rocha-Lima, and Jessica S. Wan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 8169–8193, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8169-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8169-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The many impacts of dust on the Earth system depend on dust mineralogy, which varies between dust source regions. We constrain the contribution of the world’s main dust source regions by integrating dust observations with global model simulations. We find that Asian dust contributes more and that North African dust contributes less than models account for. We obtain a dataset of each source region’s contribution to the dust cycle that can be used to constrain dust impacts on the Earth system.
Longlei Li, Natalie M. Mahowald, Ron L. Miller, Carlos Pérez García-Pando, Martina Klose, Douglas S. Hamilton, Maria Gonçalves Ageitos, Paul Ginoux, Yves Balkanski, Robert O. Green, Olga Kalashnikova, Jasper F. Kok, Vincenzo Obiso, David Paynter, and David R. Thompson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 3973–4005, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3973-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3973-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
For the first time, this study quantifies the range of the dust direct radiative effect due to uncertainty in the soil mineral abundance using all currently available information. We show that the majority of the estimated direct radiative effect range is due to uncertainty in the simulated mass fractions of iron oxides and thus their soil abundance, which is independent of the model employed. We therefore prove the necessity of considering mineralogy for understanding dust–climate interactions.
Adeyemi A. Adebiyi, Jasper F. Kok, Yang Wang, Akinori Ito, David A. Ridley, Pierre Nabat, and Chun Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 829–863, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-829-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-829-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Although atmospheric dust particles produce significant impacts on the Earth system, most climate models still have difficulty representing the basic processes that affect these particles. In this study, we present new constraints on dust properties that consistently outperform the conventional climate models, when compared to independent measurements. As a result, our constraints can be used to improve climate models or serve as an alternative in constraining dust impacts on the Earth system.
Douglas S. Hamilton, Rachel A. Scanza, Yan Feng, Joseph Guinness, Jasper F. Kok, Longlei Li, Xiaohong Liu, Sagar D. Rathod, Jessica S. Wan, Mingxuan Wu, and Natalie M. Mahowald
Geosci. Model Dev., 12, 3835–3862, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-3835-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-3835-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
MIMI v1.0 was designed for use within Earth system models to simulate the 3-D emission, atmospheric processing, and deposition of iron and its soluble fraction. Understanding the iron cycle is important due to its role as an essential micronutrient for ocean phytoplankton; its supply limits primary productivity in many of the world's oceans. Human activity has perturbed the iron cycle, and MIMI is capable of diagnosing many of these impacts; hence, it is important for future climate studies.
Stelios Myriokefalitakis, Akinori Ito, Maria Kanakidou, Athanasios Nenes, Maarten C. Krol, Natalie M. Mahowald, Rachel A. Scanza, Douglas S. Hamilton, Matthew S. Johnson, Nicholas Meskhidze, Jasper F. Kok, Cecile Guieu, Alex R. Baker, Timothy D. Jickells, Manmohan M. Sarin, Srinivas Bikkina, Rachel Shelley, Andrew Bowie, Morgane M. G. Perron, and Robert A. Duce
Biogeosciences, 15, 6659–6684, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6659-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6659-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The first atmospheric iron (Fe) deposition model intercomparison is presented in this study, as a result of the deliberations of the United Nations Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection (GESAMP; http://www.gesamp.org/) Working Group 38. We conclude that model diversity over remote oceans reflects uncertainty in the Fe content parameterizations of dust aerosols, combustion aerosol emissions and the size distribution of transported aerosol Fe.
David A. Ridley, Colette L. Heald, Jasper F. Kok, and Chun Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 15097–15117, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-15097-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-15097-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Mineral dust aerosol affects climate through interaction with radiation and clouds, human health through contribution to particulate matter, and ecosystem health through nutrient transport and deposition. In this study, we use satellite and in situ retrievals to derive an observational estimate of the global dust AOD with which evaluate modeled dust AOD. Differences in the seasonality and regional distribution of dust AOD between observations and models are highlighted.
Y. Zhang, N. Mahowald, R. A. Scanza, E. Journet, K. Desboeufs, S. Albani, J. F. Kok, G. Zhuang, Y. Chen, D. D. Cohen, A. Paytan, M. D. Patey, E. P. Achterberg, J. P. Engelbrecht, and K. W. Fomba
Biogeosciences, 12, 5771–5792, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5771-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5771-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
A new technique to determine a size-fractionated global soil elemental emission inventory based on a global soil and mineralogical data set is introduced. Spatial variability of mineral dust elemental fractions (8 elements, e.g., Ca, Fe, Al) is identified on a global scale, particularly for Ca. The Ca/Al ratio ranged between 0.1 and 5.0 and is confirmed as an indicator of dust source regions by a global dust model. Total and soluble dust element fluxes into different ocean basins are estimated.
R. A. Scanza, N. Mahowald, S. Ghan, C. S. Zender, J. F. Kok, X. Liu, Y. Zhang, and S. Albani
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 537–561, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-537-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-537-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The main purpose of this study was to build a framework in the Community Atmosphere Models version 4 and 5 within the Community Earth System Model to simulate dust aerosols as their component minerals. With this framework, we investigate the direct radiative forcing that results from the mineral speciation. We find that adding mineralogy results in a small positive forcing at the top of the atmosphere, while simulations without mineralogy have a small negative forcing.
J. F. Kok, N. M. Mahowald, G. Fratini, J. A. Gillies, M. Ishizuka, J. F. Leys, M. Mikami, M.-S. Park, S.-U. Park, R. S. Van Pelt, and T. M. Zobeck
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 13023–13041, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13023-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13023-2014, 2014
Short summary
Short summary
We developed an improved model for the emission of dust particulates ("aerosols") emitted by wind erosion from the world's deserts. The implementation of our improved dust emission model into a climate model improves its agreement against measurements. We furthermore find that dust emissions are substantially more sensitive to the soil state than most current climate models account for.
C. Zhao, S. Chen, L. R. Leung, Y. Qian, J. F. Kok, R. A. Zaveri, and J. Huang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 10733–10753, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10733-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10733-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Aerosols | Research Activity: Field Measurements | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Physics (physical properties and processes)
The radiative impact of biomass burning aerosols on dust emissions over Namibia and the long-range transport of smoke observed during the Aerosols, Radiation and Clouds in southern Africa (AEROCLO-sA) campaign
Extending the wind profile beyond the surface layer by combining physical and machine learning approaches
Amazonian aerosol size distributions in a lognormal phase space: characteristics and trajectories
Measurement report: Hygroscopicity of size-selected aerosol particles in the heavily polluted urban atmosphere of Delhi: impacts of chloride aerosol
An observation-constrained estimation of brown carbon aerosol direct radiative effects
The Puy de Dôme ICe Nucleation Intercomparison Campaign (PICNIC): comparison between online and offline methods in ambient air
Optical properties and simple forcing efficiency of the organic aerosols and black carbon emitted by residential wood burning in rural central Europe
Particle phase state and aerosol liquid water greatly impact secondary aerosol formation: insights into phase transition and its role in haze events
Measurement report: Nocturnal subsidence behind the cold front enhances surface particulate matter in plains regions: observations from the mobile multi-lidar system
Increase in precipitation scavenging contributes to long-term reductions of light-absorbing aerosol in the Arctic
Sea spray emissions from the Baltic Sea: comparison of aerosol eddy covariance fluxes and chamber-simulated sea spray emissions
Attribution of aerosol particle number size distributions to major sources using a 11-year-long urban dataset
Higher absorption enhancement of black carbon in summer shown by 2-year measurements at the high-altitude mountain site of Pic du Midi Observatory in the French Pyrenees
Variations of the atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations, sources, and health risk and the direct medical costs of lung cancer around the Bohai Sea against a background of pollution prevention and control in China
Introducing the novel concept of cumulative concentration roses for studying the transport of ultrafine particles from an airport to adjacent residential areas
Significant spatial gradients in new particle formation frequency in Greece during summer
Impact of desert dust on new particle formation events and the cloud condensation nuclei budget in dust-influenced areas
Active thermokarst regions contain rich sources of ice-nucleating particles
Examining the vertical heterogeneity of aerosols over the Southern Great Plains
Drivers controlling black carbon temporal variability in the lower troposphere of the European Arctic
Efficient droplet activation of ambient black carbon particles in sub-urban environment
Opinion: The strength of long-term comprehensive observations to meet multiple grand challenges in different environments and in the atmosphere
Contribution of fluorescent primary biological aerosol particles to low-level Arctic cloud residuals
Measurement report: Size-resolved mass concentration of equivalent black carbon-containing particles larger than 700 nm and their role in radiation
Aerosol absorption using in situ filter-based photometers and ground-based sun photometry in the Po Valley urban atmosphere
Aerosol and dynamical contributions to cloud droplet formation in Arctic low-level clouds
Aircraft ice-nucleating particle and aerosol composition measurements in the western North American Arctic
Mechanisms controlling giant sea salt aerosol size distributions along a tropical orographic coastline
New particle formation leads to enhanced cloud condensation nuclei concentrations on the Antarctic Peninsula
Mixing state and effective density of aerosol particles during the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games
Tropospheric sulfate from Cumbre Vieja volcano at Las Palmas, transported towards Cabo Verde – lidar measurements of aerosol extinction, backscatter and depolarization at 355, 532 and 1064 nm
Measurement report: Shipborne observations of black carbon aerosols in the western Arctic Ocean during summer and autumn 2016–2020: boreal fire impacts
Quantified effect of seawater biogeochemistry on the temperature dependence of sea spray aerosol fluxes
Annual cycle of aerosol properties over the central Arctic during MOSAiC 2019–2020 – light-extinction, CCN, and INP levels from the boundary layer to the tropopause
3D assimilation and radiative impact assessment of aerosol black carbon over the Indian region using aircraft, balloon, ground-based, and multi-satellite observations
Measurement Report: A comparison of ice-nucleating particle and cloud condensation nuclei sources and properties during autumn at contrasting marine and terrestrial locations
Evaluation of aerosol- and gas-phase tracers for identification of transported biomass burning emissions in an industrially influenced location in Texas, USA
Physicochemical characterization and source apportionment of Arctic ice-nucleating particles observed in Ny-Ålesund in autumn 2019
Cyclones enhance the transport of sea spray aerosols to the high atmosphere in the Southern Ocean
Impact of 2020 COVID-19 lockdowns on particulate air pollution across Europe
New particle formation in the tropical free troposphere during CAMP2Ex: statistics and impact of emission sources, convective activity, and synoptic conditions
Explaining apparent particle shrinkage related to new particle formation events in western Saudi Arabia does not require evaporation
Investigation of the effects of the Greek extreme wildfires of August 2021 on air quality and spectral solar irradiance
Characterization of dust-related new particle formation events based on long-term measurement in the North China Plain
Airborne investigation of black carbon interaction with low-level, persistent, mixed-phase clouds in the Arctic summer
The variation in the particle number size distribution during the rainfall: wet scavenging and air mass changing
Opinion: New directions in atmospheric research offered by research infrastructures combined with open and data-intensive science
Characterization of size-segregated particles' turbulent flux and deposition velocity by eddy correlation method at an Arctic site
Vertical distribution of black carbon and its mixing state in the urban boundary layer in summer
Insights into the size-resolved dust emission from field measurements in the Moroccan Sahara
Cyrille Flamant, Jean-Pierre Chaboureau, Marco Gaetani, Kerstin Schepanski, and Paola Formenti
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4265–4288, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4265-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4265-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In the austral dry season, the atmospheric composition over southern Africa is dominated by biomass burning aerosols and terrigenous aerosols (so-called mineral dust). This study suggests that the radiative effect of biomass burning aerosols needs to be taken into account to properly forecast dust emissions in Namibia.
Boming Liu, Xin Ma, Jianping Guo, Renqiang Wen, Hui Li, Shikuan Jin, Yingying Ma, Xiaoran Guo, and Wei Gong
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4047–4063, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4047-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4047-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Accurate wind profile estimation, especially for the lowest few hundred meters of the atmosphere, is of great significance for the weather, climate, and renewable energy sector. We propose a novel method that combines the power-law method with the random forest algorithm to extend wind profiles beyond the surface layer. Compared with the traditional algorithm, this method has better stability and spatial applicability and can be used to obtain the wind profiles on different land cover types.
Gabriela R. Unfer, Luiz A. T. Machado, Paulo Artaxo, Marco A. Franco, Leslie A. Kremper, Mira L. Pöhlker, Ulrich Pöschl, and Christopher Pöhlker
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3869–3882, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3869-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3869-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Amazonian aerosols and their interactions with precipitation were studied by understanding them in a 3D space based on three parameters that characterize the concentration and size distribution of aerosols. The results showed characteristic arrangements regarding seasonal and diurnal cycles, as well as when interacting with precipitation. The use of this 3D space appears to be a promising tool for aerosol population analysis and for model validation and parameterization.
Anil Kumar Mandariya, Ajit Ahlawat, Mohammed Haneef, Nisar Ali Baig, Kanan Patel, Joshua Apte, Lea Hildebrandt Ruiz, Alfred Wiedensohler, and Gazala Habib
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3627–3647, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3627-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3627-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The current study explores the temporal variation of size-selected particle hygroscopicity in Delhi for the first time. Here, we report that the high volume fraction contribution of ammonium chloride to aerosol governs the high aerosol hygroscopicity and associated liquid water content based on the experimental data. The episodically high ammonium chloride present in Delhi's atmosphere could lead to haze and fog formation under high relative humidity in the region.
Yueyue Cheng, Chao Liu, Jiandong Wang, Jiaping Wang, Zhouyang Zhang, Li Chen, Dafeng Ge, Caijun Zhu, Jinbo Wang, and Aijun Ding
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3065–3078, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3065-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3065-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Brown carbon (BrC), a light-absorbing aerosol, plays a pivotal role in influencing global climate. However, assessing BrC radiative effects remains challenging because the required observational data are hardly accessible. Here we develop a new BrC radiative effect estimation method combining conventional observations and numerical models. Our findings reveal that BrC absorbs up to a third of the sunlight at 370 nm that black carbon does, highlighting its importance in aerosol radiative effects.
Larissa Lacher, Michael P. Adams, Kevin Barry, Barbara Bertozzi, Heinz Bingemer, Cristian Boffo, Yannick Bras, Nicole Büttner, Dimitri Castarede, Daniel J. Cziczo, Paul J. DeMott, Romy Fösig, Megan Goodell, Kristina Höhler, Thomas C. J. Hill, Conrad Jentzsch, Luis A. Ladino, Ezra J. T. Levin, Stephan Mertes, Ottmar Möhler, Kathryn A. Moore, Benjamin J. Murray, Jens Nadolny, Tatjana Pfeuffer, David Picard, Carolina Ramírez-Romero, Mickael Ribeiro, Sarah Richter, Jann Schrod, Karine Sellegri, Frank Stratmann, Benjamin E. Swanson, Erik S. Thomson, Heike Wex, Martin J. Wolf, and Evelyn Freney
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2651–2678, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2651-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2651-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol particles that trigger ice formation in clouds are important for the climate system but are very rare in the atmosphere, challenging measurement techniques. Here we compare three cloud chambers and seven methods for collecting aerosol particles on filters for offline analysis at a mountaintop station. A general good agreement of the methods was found when sampling aerosol particles behind a whole air inlet, supporting their use for obtaining data that can be implemented in models.
Andrea Cuesta-Mosquera, Kristina Glojek, Griša Močnik, Luka Drinovec, Asta Gregorič, Martin Rigler, Matej Ogrin, Baseerat Romshoo, Kay Weinhold, Maik Merkel, Dominik van Pinxteren, Hartmut Herrmann, Alfred Wiedensohler, Mira Pöhlker, and Thomas Müller
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2583–2605, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2583-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2583-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study evaluated the air pollution and climate impacts of residential-wood-burning particle emissions from a rural European site. The authors investigate the optical and physical properties that connect the aerosol emissions with climate by evaluating atmospheric radiative impacts via simple-forcing calculations. The study contributes to reducing the lack of information on the understanding of the optical properties of air pollution from anthropogenic sources.
Xiangxinyue Meng, Zhijun Wu, Jingchuan Chen, Yanting Qiu, Taomou Zong, Mijung Song, Jiyi Lee, and Min Hu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2399–2414, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2399-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2399-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our study revealed that particles predominantly exist in a semi-solid or solid state during clean winter days with RH below 30 %. However, a non-liquid to a liquid phase transition occurred when the aerosol liquid water (ALW) mass fraction surpassed 15 % (dry mass) at transition RH thresholds ranging from 40 % to 60 %. We also provide insights into the increasingly important roles of particle phase state variation and ALW in secondary particulate growth during haze formation in Beijing, China.
Yiming Wang, Haolin Wang, Yujie Qin, Xinqi Xu, Guowen He, Nanxi Liu, Shengjie Miao, Xiao Lu, Haichao Wang, and Shaojia Fan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2267–2285, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2267-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2267-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted a vertical measurement of winter PM2.5 using a mobile multi-lidar system in four cities. Combined with the surface PM2.5 data, the ERA5 reanalysis data, and GEOS-Chem simulations during Dec 2018–Feb 2019, we found that transport nocturnal PM2.5 enhancement by subsidence (T-NPES) events widely occurred with high frequencies in plains regions in eastern China but happened less often in basin regions like Xi’an and Chengdu. We propose a conceptual model of the T-NPES events.
Dominic Heslin-Rees, Peter Tunved, Johan Ström, Roxana Cremer, Paul Zieger, Ilona Riipinen, Annica M. L. Ekman, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, and Radovan Krejci
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2059–2075, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2059-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2059-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Light-absorbing atmospheric particles (e.g. black carbon – BC) exert a warming effect on the Arctic climate. We show that the amount of particle light absorption decreased from 2002 to 2023. We conclude that in addition to reductions in emissions of BC, wet removal plays a role in the long-term reduction of BC in the Arctic, given the increase in surface precipitation experienced by air masses arriving at the site. The potential impact of biomass burning events is shown to have increased.
Julika Zinke, Ernst Douglas Nilsson, Piotr Markuszewski, Paul Zieger, Eva Monica Mårtensson, Anna Rutgersson, Erik Nilsson, and Matthew Edward Salter
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1895–1918, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1895-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1895-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted two research campaigns in the Baltic Sea, during which we combined laboratory sea spray simulation experiments with flux measurements on a nearby island. To combine these two methods, we scaled the laboratory measurements to the flux measurements using three different approaches. As a result, we derived a parameterization that is dependent on wind speed and wave state for particles with diameters 0.015–10 μm. This parameterization is applicable to low-salinity waters.
Máté Vörösmarty, Philip K. Hopke, and Imre Salma
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-316, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-316, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The World Health Organization identified the ultrafine particles, which make up most of the particle number concentrations, as a potential risk factor for humans. The sources of particle numbers are very different from those of the particulate matter mass. We performed source apportionment of size segregated particle number concentrations over the diameter range of 6–1000 nm in Budapest for 11 full years. Six source types were identified, characterised, and quantified.
Sarah Tinorua, Cyrielle Denjean, Pierre Nabat, Thierry Bourrianne, Véronique Pont, François Gheusi, and Emmanuel Leclerc
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1801–1824, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1801-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1801-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
At a French high-altitude site, where many complex interactions between black carbon (BC), radiation, clouds and snow impact climate, 2 years of refractive BC (rBC) and aerosol optical and microphysical measurements have been made. We observed strong seasonal rBC properties variations, with an enhanced absorption in summer compared to winter. The combination of rBC emission sources, transport pathways, atmospheric dynamics and chemical processes explains the rBC light absorption seasonality.
Wenwen Ma, Rong Sun, Xiaoping Wang, Zheng Zong, Shizhen Zhao, Zeyu Sun, Chongguo Tian, Jianhui Tang, Song Cui, Jun Li, and Gan Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1509–1523, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1509-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1509-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This is the first report of long-term atmospheric PAH monitoring around the Bohai Sea. The results showed that the concentrations of PAHs in the atmosphere around the Bohai Sea decreased from June 2014 to May 2019, especially the concentrations of highly toxic PAHs. This indicates that the contributions from PAH sources changed to a certain extent in different areas, and it also led to reductions in the related health risk and medical costs following pollution prevention and control.
Julius Seidler, Markus N. Friedrich, Christoph K. Thomas, and Anke C. Nölscher
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 137–153, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-137-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-137-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Here, we study the transport of ultrafine particles (UFPs) from an airport to two new adjacent measuring sites for 1 year. The number of UFPs in the air and the diurnal variation are typical urban. Winds from the airport show increased number concentrations. Additionally, considering wind frequencies, we estimate that, from all UFPs measured at the two sites, 10 %–14 % originate from the airport and/or other UFP sources from between the airport and site.
Andreas Aktypis, Christos Kaltsonoudis, David Patoulias, Panayiotis Kalkavouras, Angeliki Matrali, Christina N. Vasilakopoulou, Evangelia Kostenidou, Kalliopi Florou, Nikos Kalivitis, Aikaterini Bougiatioti, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Stergios Vratolis, Maria I. Gini, Athanasios Kouras, Constantini Samara, Mihalis Lazaridis, Sofia-Eirini Chatoutsidou, Nikolaos Mihalopoulos, and Spyros N. Pandis
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 65–84, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-65-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-65-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Extensive continuous particle number size distribution measurements took place during two summers (2020 and 2021) at 11 sites in Greece for the investigation of the frequency and the spatial extent of new particle formation. The frequency during summer varied from close to zero in southwestern Greece to more than 60 % in the northern, central, and eastern regions. The spatial variability can be explained by the proximity of the sites to coal-fired power plants and agricultural areas.
Juan Andrés Casquero-Vera, Daniel Pérez-Ramírez, Hassan Lyamani, Fernando Rejano, Andrea Casans, Gloria Titos, Francisco José Olmo, Lubna Dada, Simo Hakala, Tareq Hussein, Katrianne Lehtipalo, Pauli Paasonen, Antti Hyvärinen, Noemí Pérez, Xavier Querol, Sergio Rodríguez, Nikos Kalivitis, Yenny González, Mansour A. Alghamdi, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Andrés Alastuey, Tuukka Petäjä, and Lucas Alados-Arboledas
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15795–15814, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15795-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15795-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Here we present the first study of the effect of mineral dust on the inhibition/promotion of new particle formation (NPF) events in different dust-influenced areas. Unexpectedly, we show that the occurrence of NPF events is highly frequent during mineral dust outbreaks, occurring even during extreme dust outbreaks. We also show that the occurrence of NPF events during mineral dust outbreaks significantly affects the potential cloud condensation nuclei budget.
Kevin R. Barry, Thomas C. J. Hill, Marina Nieto-Caballero, Thomas A. Douglas, Sonia M. Kreidenweis, Paul J. DeMott, and Jessie M. Creamean
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15783–15793, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15783-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15783-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ice-nucleating particles (INPs) are important for the climate due to their influence on cloud properties. To understand potential land-based sources of them in the Arctic, we carried out a survey near the northernmost point of Alaska, a landscape connected to the permafrost (thermokarst). Permafrost contained high concentrations of INPs, with the largest values near the coast. The thermokarst lakes were found to emit INPs, and the water contained elevated concentrations.
Yang Wang, Chanakya Bagya Ramesh, Scott E. Giangrande, Jerome Fast, Xianda Gong, Jiaoshi Zhang, Ahmet Tolga Odabasi, Marcus Vinicius Batista Oliveira, Alyssa Matthews, Fan Mei, John E. Shilling, Jason Tomlinson, Die Wang, and Jian Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15671–15691, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15671-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15671-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We report the vertical profiles of aerosol properties over the Southern Great Plains (SGP), a region influenced by shallow convective clouds, land–atmosphere interactions, boundary layer turbulence, and the aerosol life cycle. We examined the processes that drive the aerosol population and distribution in the lower troposphere over the SGP. This study helps improve our understanding of aerosol–cloud interactions and the model representation of aerosol processes.
Stefania Gilardoni, Dominic Heslin-Rees, Mauro Mazzola, Vito Vitale, Michael Sprenger, and Radovan Krejci
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15589–15607, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15589-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15589-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Models still fail in reproducing black carbon (BC) temporal variability in the Arctic. Analysis of equivalent BC concentrations in the European Arctic shows that BC seasonal variability is modulated by the efficiency of removal by precipitation during transport towards high latitudes. Short-term variability is controlled by synoptic-scale circulation patterns. The advection of warm air from lower latitudes is an effective pollution transport pathway during summer.
Ping Tian, Dantong Liu, Kang Hu, Yangzhou Wu, Mengyu Huang, Hui He, Jiujiang Sheng, Chenjie Yu, Dawei Hu, and Deping Ding
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2744, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2744, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The results here thus provide direct evidence of efficient droplet activation of BC, and the CCN activation fraction of BC was higher than all-particle suggested the higher CCN activity of BC though its hygroscopicity is lower. Our research reveals that the evolution of BC's hygroscopicity and its CCN activation properties through atmospheric aging can be effectively characterized by the photochemical age.
Markku Kulmala, Anna Lintunen, Hanna Lappalainen, Annele Virtanen, Chao Yan, Ekaterina Ezhova, Tuomo Nieminen, Ilona Riipinen, Risto Makkonen, Johanna Tamminen, Anu-Maija Sundström, Antti Arola, Armin Hansel, Kari Lehtinen, Timo Vesala, Tuukka Petäjä, Jaana Bäck, Tom Kokkonen, and Veli-Matti Kerminen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14949–14971, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14949-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14949-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
To be able to meet global grand challenges, we need comprehensive open data with proper metadata. In this opinion paper, we describe the SMEAR (Station for Measuring Earth surface – Atmosphere Relations) concept and include several examples (cases), such as new particle formation and growth, feedback loops and the effect of COVID-19, and what has been learned from these investigations. The future needs and the potential of comprehensive observations of the environment are summarized.
Gabriel Pereira Freitas, Ben Kopec, Kouji Adachi, Radovan Krejci, Dominic Heslin-Rees, Karl Espen Yttri, Alun Hubbard, Jeffrey M. Welker, and Paul Zieger
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2600, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2600, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Bioaerosols can participate in ice formation within clouds. In the Arctic, where global warming manifests most, they may become increasingly more important as their sources are prevailing for a longer period of the year. We have directly measured bioaerosols within clouds for a full year at an Arctic mountain site using a novel combination of cloud particle sampling and single-particle techniques. We show that bioaerosols act as cloud seeds and may influence the presence of ice within clouds.
Weilun Zhao, Ying Li, Gang Zhao, Song Guo, Nan Ma, Shuya Hu, and Chunsheng Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14889–14902, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14889-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14889-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Studies have concentrated on particles containing black carbon (BC) smaller than 700 nm because of technical limitations. In this study, BC-containing particles larger than 700 nm (BC>700) were measured, highlighting their importance to total BC mass and absorption. The contribution of BC>700 to the BC direct radiative effect was estimated, highlighting the necessity to consider the whole size range of BC-containing particles in the model estimation of BC radiative effects.
Alessandro Bigi, Giorgio Veratti, Elisabeth Andrews, Martine Collaud Coen, Lorenzo Guerrieri, Vera Bernardoni, Dario Massabò, Luca Ferrero, Sergio Teggi, and Grazia Ghermandi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14841–14869, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14841-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14841-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric particles include compounds that play a key role in the greenhouse effect and air toxicity. Concurrent observations of these compounds by multiple instruments are presented, following deployment within an urban environment in the Po Valley, one of Europe's pollution hotspots. The study compares these data, highlighting the impact of ground emissions, mainly vehicular traffic and biomass burning, on the absorption of sun radiation and, ultimately, on climate change and air quality.
Ghislain Motos, Gabriel Freitas, Paraskevi Georgakaki, Jörg Wieder, Guangyu Li, Wenche Aas, Chris Lunder, Radovan Krejci, Julie Thérèse Pasquier, Jan Henneberger, Robert Oscar David, Christoph Ritter, Claudia Mohr, Paul Zieger, and Athanasios Nenes
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13941–13956, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13941-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13941-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Low-altitude clouds play a key role in regulating the climate of the Arctic, a region that suffers from climate change more than any other on the planet. We gathered meteorological and aerosol physical and chemical data over a year and utilized them for a parameterization that help us unravel the factors driving and limiting the efficiency of cloud droplet formation. We then linked this information to the sources of aerosol found during each season and to processes of cloud glaciation.
Alberto Sanchez-Marroquin, Sarah L. Barr, Ian T. Burke, James B. McQuaid, and Benjamin J. Murray
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13819–13834, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13819-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13819-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The sources and concentrations of ice-nucleating particles (INPs) in the Arctic are still poorly understood. Here we report aircraft-based INP concentrations and aerosol composition in the western North American Arctic. The concentrations of INPs and all aerosol particles were low. The aerosol samples contained mostly sea salt and dust particles. Dust particles were more relevant for the INP concentrations than sea salt. However, dust alone cannot account for all of the measured INPs.
Katherine L. Ackerman, Alison D. Nugent, and Chung Taing
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13735–13753, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13735-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13735-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Sea salt aerosol is an important marine aerosol that may be produced in greater quantities in coastal regions than over the open ocean. This study observed these particles along the windward coastline of O'ahu, Hawai'i, to understand how wind and waves influence their production and dispersal. Overall, wave heights were the strongest variable correlated with changes in aerosol concentrations, while wind speeds played an important role in their horizontal dispersal and vertical mixing.
Jiyeon Park, Hyojin Kang, Yeontae Gim, Eunho Jang, Ki-Tae Park, Sangjong Park, Chang Hoon Jung, Darius Ceburnis, Colin O'Dowd, and Young Jun Yoon
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13625–13646, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13625-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13625-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We measured the number size distribution of 2.5–300 nm particles and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) number concentrations at King Sejong Station on the Antarctic Peninsula continuously from 1 January to 31 December 2018. During the pristine and clean periods, 97 new particle formation (NPF) events were detected. For 83 of these, CCN concentrations increased by 2 %–268 % (median 44 %) following 1 to 36 h (median 8 h) after NPF events.
Aodong Du, Jiaxing Sun, Hang Liu, Weiqi Xu, Wei Zhou, Yuting Zhang, Lei Li, Xubing Du, Yan Li, Xiaole Pan, Zifa Wang, and Yele Sun
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13597–13611, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13597-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13597-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We characterized the impacts of emission controls on particle mixing state and density during the Beijing Olympic Winter Games using a SPAMS in tandem with a DMA and an AAC. OC and sulfate-containing particles increased, while those from primary emissions decreased. The effective particle densities increased and varied largely for different particles, highlighting the impacts of aging and formation processes on the changes of particle density and mixing state.
Henriette Gebauer, Athena Augusta Floutsi, Moritz Haarig, Martin Radenz, Ronny Engelmann, Dietrich Althausen, Annett Skupin, Albert Ansmann, Cordula Zenk, and Holger Baars
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2305, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2305, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Sulfate aerosol from the volcanic eruption at Las Palmas in 2021 was observed over Cabo Verde. The impact of the eruption was observable even 1500 km away from the emission source and led to an extraordinary strong pollution in the lowermost atmosphere above Cabo Verde. We characterized the aerosol burden based on lidar and sun photometer observations. We compared the volcanic case to the typical background conditions (reference case) to quantify the volcanic pollution.
Yange Deng, Hiroshi Tanimoto, Kohei Ikeda, Sohiko Kameyama, Sachiko Okamoto, Jinyoung Jung, Young Jun Yoon, Eun Jin Yang, and Sung-Ho Kang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2315, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2315, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Black carbon aerosols (BC) play important roles in Arctic climate change, yet they are not well understood because of limited observational facts. We observed BC mass concentrations (mBC) in the Western Arctic Ocean during summer and early autumn 2016–2020. The mean mBC in 2019 was much higher than in other years. Biomass burning was likely the dominant BC source. Boreal fire BC transport occurring near the surface and/or in the mid-troposphere contributed to high BC events in the Arctic Ocean.
Karine Sellegri, Theresa Barthelmeß, Jonathan Trueblood, Antonia Cristi, Evelyn Freney, Clémence Rose, Neill Barr, Mike Harvey, Karl Safi, Stacy Deppeler, Karen Thompson, Wayne Dillon, Anja Engel, and Cliff Law
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 12949–12964, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12949-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12949-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The amount of sea spray emitted to the atmosphere depends on the ocean temperature, but this dependency is not well understood, especially when ocean biology is involved. In this study, we show that sea spray emissions are increased by up to a factor of 4 at low seawater temperatures compared to moderate temperatures, and we quantify the temperature dependence as a function of the ocean biogeochemistry.
Albert Ansmann, Kevin Ohneiser, Ronny Engelmann, Martin Radenz, Hannes Griesche, Julian Hofer, Dietrich Althausen, Jessie M. Creamean, Matthew C. Boyer, Daniel A. Knopf, Sandro Dahlke, Marion Maturilli, Henriette Gebauer, Johannes Bühl, Cristofer Jimenez, Patric Seifert, and Ulla Wandinger
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 12821–12849, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12821-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12821-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The 1-year MOSAiC (2019–2020) expedition with the German ice breaker Polarstern was the largest polar field campaign ever conducted. The Polarstern, with our lidar aboard, drifted with the pack ice north of 85° N for more than 7 months (October 2019 to mid-May 2020). We measured the full annual cycle of aerosol conditions in terms of aerosol optical and cloud-process-relevant properties. We observed a strong contrast between polluted winter and clean summer aerosol conditions.
Nair Krishnan Kala, Narayana Sarma Anand, Mohanan R. Manoj, Srinivasan Prasanth, Harshavardhana S. Pathak, Thara Prabhakaran, Pramod D. Safai, Krishnaswamy K. Moorthy, and Sreedharan K. Satheesh
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 12801–12819, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12801-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12801-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present a 3D data set of aerosol black carbon over the Indian mainland by assimilating data from surface, aircraft, and balloon measurements, along with multi-satellite observations. Radiative transfer computations using height-resolved aerosol absorption show higher warming in the free troposphere and will have large implications for atmospheric stability. This data set will help reduce the uncertainty in aerosol radiative effects in climate model simulations over the Indian region.
Elise K. Wilbourn, Larissa Lacher, Carlos Guerrero, Hemanth S. K. Vepuri, Kristina Höhler, Jens Nadolny, Ottmar Möhler, and Naruki Hiranuma
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1456, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1456, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ambient ice and cloud particles were measured at terrestrial and temperate marine sites. Ice particles were more abundant in the former site while the fraction of ice particles relative to total ambient particles was higher in the latter site. We found continental and biogenic materials as a major source of ice particles in the terrestrial site. A positive correlation was found for ice and cloud particle concentrations in the marine site, implying they originate from the same source.
Sujan Shrestha, Shan Zhou, Manisha Mehra, Meghan Guagenti, Subin Yoon, Sergio L. Alvarez, Fangzhou Guo, Chun-Ying Chao, James H. Flynn III, Yuxuan Wang, Robert J. Griffin, Sascha Usenko, and Rebecca J. Sheesley
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10845–10867, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10845-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10845-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluated different methods for assessing the influence of long-range transport of biomass burning (BB) plumes at a coastal site in Texas, USA. We show that the aerosol composition and optical properties exhibited good agreement, while CO and acetonitrile trends were less specific for assessing BB source influence. Our results demonstrate that the network of aerosol optical measurements can be useful for identifying the influence of aged BB plumes in anthropogenically influenced areas.
Guangyu Li, Elise K. Wilbourn, Zezhen Cheng, Jörg Wieder, Allison Fagerson, Jan Henneberger, Ghislain Motos, Rita Traversi, Sarah D. Brooks, Mauro Mazzola, Swarup China, Athanasios Nenes, Ulrike Lohmann, Naruki Hiranuma, and Zamin A. Kanji
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10489–10516, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10489-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10489-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, we present results from an Arctic field campaign (NASCENT) in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, on the abundance, variability, physicochemical properties, and potential sources of ice-nucleating particles (INPs) relevant for mixed-phase cloud formation. This work improves the data coverage of Arctic INPs and aerosol properties, allowing for the validation of models predicting cloud microphysical and radiative properties of mixed-phase clouds in the rapidly warming Arctic.
Jun Shi, Jinpei Yan, Shanshan Wang, Shuhui Zhao, Miming Zhang, Suqing Xu, Qi Lin, Hang Yang, and Siying Dai
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10349–10359, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10349-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10349-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
An underway aerosol-monitoring system was used to determine the Na+ concentration during different cyclone periods in the Southern Ocean in order to assess the potential effects of cyclones on sea spray aerosol (SSA) emissions. It was estimated that more than 23 % of SSAs were transported upwards during cyclone periods. Vertically transported SSAs can be regarded as an important source of CCN and hence have an effect on climate in the middle and high latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere.
Jean-Philippe Putaud, Enrico Pisoni, Alexander Mangold, Christoph Hueglin, Jean Sciare, Michael Pikridas, Chrysanthos Savvides, Jakub Ondracek, Saliou Mbengue, Alfred Wiedensohler, Kay Weinhold, Maik Merkel, Laurent Poulain, Dominik van Pinxteren, Hartmut Herrmann, Andreas Massling, Claus Nordstroem, Andrés Alastuey, Cristina Reche, Noemí Pérez, Sonia Castillo, Mar Sorribas, Jose Antonio Adame, Tuukka Petaja, Katrianne Lehtipalo, Jarkko Niemi, Véronique Riffault, Joel F. de Brito, Augustin Colette, Olivier Favez, Jean-Eudes Petit, Valérie Gros, Maria I. Gini, Stergios Vratolis, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Evangelia Diapouli, Hugo Denier van der Gon, Karl Espen Yttri, and Wenche Aas
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10145–10161, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10145-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10145-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Many European people are still exposed to levels of air pollution that can affect their health. COVID-19 lockdowns in 2020 were used to assess the impact of the reduction in human mobility on air pollution across Europe by comparing measurement data with values that would be expected if no lockdown had occurred. We show that lockdown measures did not lead to consistent decreases in the concentrations of fine particulate matter suspended in the air, and we investigate why.
Qian Xiao, Jiaoshi Zhang, Yang Wang, Luke D. Ziemba, Ewan Crosbie, Edward L. Winstead, Claire E. Robinson, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Jeffrey S. Reid, K. Sebastian Schmidt, Armin Sorooshian, Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Sarah Woods, Paul Lawson, Snorre A. Stamnes, and Jian Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9853–9871, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9853-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9853-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Using recent airborne measurements, we show that the influences of anthropogenic emissions, transport, convective clouds, and meteorology lead to new particle formation (NPF) under a variety of conditions and at different altitudes in tropical marine environments. NPF is enhanced by fresh urban emissions in convective outflow but is suppressed in air masses influenced by aged urban emissions where reactive precursors are mostly consumed while particle surface area remains relatively high.
Simo Hakala, Ville Vakkari, Heikki Lihavainen, Antti-Pekka Hyvärinen, Kimmo Neitola, Jenni Kontkanen, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Markku Kulmala, Tuukka Petäjä, Tareq Hussein, Mamdouh I. Khoder, Mansour A. Alghamdi, and Pauli Paasonen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9287–9321, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9287-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9287-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Things are not always as they first seem in ambient aerosol measurements. Observations of decreasing particle sizes are often interpreted as resulting from particle evaporation. We show that such observations can counterintuitively be explained by particles that are constantly growing in size. This requires one to account for the previous movements of the observed air. Our explanation implies a larger number of larger particles, meaning more significant effects of aerosols on climate and health.
Akriti Masoom, Ilias Fountoulakis, Stelios Kazadzis, Ioannis-Panagiotis Raptis, Anna Kampouri, Basil E. Psiloglou, Dimitra Kouklaki, Kyriakoula Papachristopoulou, Eleni Marinou, Stavros Solomos, Anna Gialitaki, Dimitra Founda, Vasileios Salamalikis, Dimitris Kaskaoutis, Natalia Kouremeti, Nikolaos Mihalopoulos, Vassilis Amiridis, Andreas Kazantzidis, Alexandros Papayannis, Christos S. Zerefos, and Kostas Eleftheratos
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8487–8514, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8487-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8487-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We analyse the spatial and temporal aerosol spectral optical properties during the extreme wildfires of August 2021 in Greece and assess their effects on air quality and solar radiation quantities related to health, agriculture, and energy. Different aerosol conditions are identified (pure smoke, pure dust, dust–smoke together); the largest impact on solar radiation quantities is found for cases with mixed dust–smoke aerosols. Such situations are expected to occur more frequently in the future.
Xiaojing Shen, Junying Sun, Huizheng Che, Yangmei Zhang, Chunhong Zhou, Ke Gui, Wanyun Xu, Quan Liu, Junting Zhong, Can Xia, Xinyao Hu, Sinan Zhang, Jialing Wang, Shuo Liu, Jiayuan Lu, Aoyuan Yu, and Xiaoye Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8241–8257, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8241-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8241-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
New particle formation (NPF) events occur when the dust episodes' fade is analysed based on long-term measurement of particle number size distribution. Analysis shows that the observed formation and growth rates are approximately 50 % of and 30 % lower than those of other NPF events. As a consequence of the uptake of precursor gases on mineral dust, the physical and chemical properties of submicron particles, as well as the ability to be cloud condensation nuclei, can be changed.
Marco Zanatta, Stephan Mertes, Olivier Jourdan, Regis Dupuy, Emma Järvinen, Martin Schnaiter, Oliver Eppers, Johannes Schneider, Zsófia Jurányi, and Andreas Herber
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7955–7973, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7955-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7955-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Black carbon (BC) particles influence the Arctic radiative balance. Vertical measurements of black carbon were conducted during the ACLOUD campaign in the European Arctic to study the interaction of BC with clouds. This study shows that clouds influence the vertical variability of BC properties across the inversion layer and that multiple activation and transformation mechanisms of BC may occur in the presence of low-level, persistent, mixed-phase clouds.
Guangdong Niu, Ximeng Qi, Liangduo Chen, Lian Xue, Shiyi Lai, Xin Huang, Jiaping Wang, Xuguang Chi, Wei Nie, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Tuukka Petäjä, Markku Kulmala, and Aijun Ding
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7521–7534, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7521-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7521-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The reported below-cloud wet-scavenging coefficients (BWSCs) are much higher than theoretical data, but the reason remains unclear. Based on long-term observation, we find that air mass changing during rainfall events causes the overestimation of BWSCs. Thus, the discrepancy in BWSCs between observation and theory is not as large as currently believed. To obtain reasonable BWSCs and parameterizations from field observations, the effect of air mass changes needs to be considered.
Andreas Petzold, Ulrich Bundke, Anca Hienola, Paolo Laj, Cathrine Lund Myhre, Alex Vermeulen, Angeliki Adamaki, Werner Kutsch, Valerie Thouret, Damien Boulanger, Markus Fiebig, Markus Stocker, Zhiming Zhao, and Ari Asmi
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1423, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1423, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The atmosphere-centred European environmental research infrastructures ACTRIS, IAGOS and ICOS can assume a leading role in atmospheric sciences thanks to their capacities for acquisition and reporting of long-term and high-quality observational data. We elaborate on the novel research opportunities which evolve from the combination of open access to data, data interoperability and tools and technologies offered by data-intensive science through the European Open Science Cloud.
Antonio Donateo, Gianluca Pappaccogli, Daniela Famulari, Mauro Mazzola, Federico Scoto, and Stefano Decesari
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7425–7445, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7425-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7425-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This work aims to measure the turbulent fluxes and the dry deposition velocity for size-segregated particles (from ultrafine to quasi-coarse range) at an Arctic site (Svalbard). Aiming to characterize the effect of surface properties on dry deposition, continuous observations were performed from the coldest months (on snow surface) to the snow melting period and throughout the summer (snow-free surface). A data fit of the deposition velocity as a function of particle diameters will be provided.
Hang Liu, Xiaole Pan, Shandong Lei, Yuting Zhang, Aodong Du, Weijie Yao, Guiqian Tang, Tao Wang, Jinyuan Xin, Jie Li, Yele Sun, Junji Cao, and Zifa Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7225–7239, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7225-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7225-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We provide the average vertical profiles of black carbon (BC) concentration, size distribution and coating thickness at different times of the day in an urban area based on 112 vertical profiles. In addition, it is found that BC in the residual layer generally has a thicker coating, higher absorption enhancement and hygroscopicity than on the surface. Such aged BC could enter into the boundary layer and influence the BC properties in the early morning.
Cristina González-Flórez, Martina Klose, Andrés Alastuey, Sylvain Dupont, Jerónimo Escribano, Vicken Etyemezian, Adolfo Gonzalez-Romero, Yue Huang, Konrad Kandler, George Nikolich, Agnesh Panta, Xavier Querol, Cristina Reche, Jesús Yus-Díez, and Carlos Pérez García-Pando
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7177–7212, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7177-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7177-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric mineral dust consists of tiny mineral particles that are emitted by wind erosion from arid regions. Its particle size distribution (PSD) affects its impact on the Earth's system. Nowadays, there is an incomplete understanding of the emitted dust PSD and a lot of debate about its variability. Here, we try to address these issues based on the measurements performed during a wind erosion and dust emission field campaign in the Moroccan Sahara within the framework of FRAGMENT project.
Cited articles
Alfaro, S. C. and Gomes, L.: Modeling mineral aerosol production by wind
erosion: Emission intensities and aerosol size distributions in source areas,
J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 106, 18075–18084, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900339, 2001.
Andreas, E. L., Claffey, K. J., Jordan, R. E., Fairall, C. W., Guest, P. S.,
Persson, P. O. G., and Grachev, A. A.: Evaluations of the von Kármán
constant in the atmospheric surface layer, J. Fluid Mech., 559, 117–149,
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112006000164, 2006.
Ashkenazy, Y., Yizhaq, H., and Tsoar, H.: Sand dune mobility under climate
change in the Kalahari and Australian deserts, Clim. Change, 112, 901–923,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-011-0264-9, 2012.
Atkinson, J. D., Murray, B. J., Woodhouse, M. T., Whale, T. F., Baustian, K.
J., Carslaw, K. S., Dobbie, S., O'Sullivan, D., and Malkin, T. L.: The
importance of feldspar for ice nucleation by mineral dust in mixed-phase
clouds, Nature, 498, 355–358, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12278, 2013.
Baddock, M. C., Gill, T. E., Bullard, J. E., Acosta, M. D., and Rivera
Rivera, N. I.: Geomorphology of the Chihuahuan Desert based on potential dust
emissions, J. Maps, 7, 249–259, https://doi.org/10.4113/jom.2011.1178, 2011.
Barchyn, T. E., Hugenholtz, C. H., Li, B., Neuman, C. M., and Steven
Sanderson, R.: From particle counts to flux: Wind tunnel testing and
calibration of the “Wenglor” aeolian sediment transport sensor, Aeolian
Res., 15, 311–318, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeolia.2014.06.009, 2014.
Bohren, C. F. and Huffman, D. R.: Absorption and scattering of light by small
particles, 1st ed., Wiley-VCH, 503 pp., 1983.
Bowler, J. M.: Clay dunes: Their occurrence, formation and environmental
significance, Earth Sci. Rev., 9, 315–338, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-8252(73)90001-9,
1973.
Bullard, J. E., Harrison, S. P., Baddock, M. C., Drake, N., Gill, T. E.,
McTainsh, G., and Sun, Y.: Preferential dust sources: A geomorphological
classification designed for use in global dust-cycle models, J. Geophys.
Res.-Earth, 116, F04034, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JF002061, 2011.
Bullard, J. E., McTainsh, G. H., and Pudmenzky, C.: Factors affecting the
nature and rate of dust production from natural dune sands, Sedimentology,
54, 169–182, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2006.00827.x, 2007.
Bullard, J. E., McTainsh, G. H., and Pudmenzky, C.: Aeolian abrasion and
modes of fine particle production from natural red dune sands: an
experimental study, Sedimentology, 51, 1103–1125,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2004.00662.x, 2004.
Burnett, R. T., Pope, C. A,, Ezzati, M., Olives, C., Lim, S. S., Mehta, S.,
Shin, H. H., Singh, G., Hubbell, B., Brauer, M., Anderson, H. R., Smith, K.
R., Balmes, J. R., Bruce, N. G., Kan, H., Laden, F., Prüss-Ustün, A.,
Turner, M. C., Gapstur, S. M., Diver, W. R., and Cohen, A.: An integrated
risk function for estimating the global burden of disease attributable to
ambient fine particulate matter exposure, Environ. Health Perspect., 122,
397–403, https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1307049, 2014.
Chou, C., Formenti, P., Maille, M., Ausset, P., Helas, G., Harrison, M., and
Osborne, S.: Size distribution, shape, and composition of mineral dust
aerosols collected during the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis
Special Observation Period 0: Dust and Biomass-Burning Experiment field
campaign in Niger, January 2006, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 113, D00C10,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD009897, 2008.
Combellick, R. A. and Osborne, R. H.: Sources and petrology of beach sand
from southern Monterey Bay, California, J. Sediment. Petrol., 47, 891–907,
1977.
Compton, J. S.: Origin and diagenesis of clay minerals in the Monterey
Formation, Santa Maria Basin Area, California, Clays Clay Miner., 39,
449–466, https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.1991.0390501, 1991.
Cooper, W. S.: Coastal dunes of California, Geol. Soc. Am. Mem., 104, 1–131,
1967.
Creamean, J. M., Suski, K. J., Rosenfeld, D., Cazorla, A., DeMott, P. J.,
Sullivan, R. C., White, A. B., Ralph, F., Minnis, P., Comstock, J. M.,
Tomlinson, J. M., and Prather, K. A.: Dust and Biological Aerosols from the
Sahara and Asia Influence Precipitation in the Western U.S., Science, 339,
1572–1578, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1227279, 2013.
Crouvi, O., Schepanski, K., Amit, R., Gillespie, A. R., and Enzel, Y.:
Multiple dust sources in the Sahara Desert: The importance of sand dunes,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L13401, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL052145, 2012.
DeMott, P. J., Prenni, A. J., McMeeking, G. R., Sullivan, R. C., Petters, M.
D., Tobo, Y., Niemand, M., Möhler, O., Snider, J. R., Wang, Z., and
Kreidenweis, S. M.: Integrating laboratory and field data to quantify the
immersion freezing ice nucleation activity of mineral dust particles, Atmos.
Chem. Phys., 15, 393–409, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-393-2015, 2015.
Dettinger, M. D., Cayan, D. R., Meyer, M. K., and Jeton, A.: Simulated
hydrologic responses to climate variations and change in the Merced, Carson,
and American River basins, Sierra Nevada, California, 1900–2099, Clim.
Change, 62, 283–317, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CLIM.0000013683.13346.4f, 2004.
Domingo, R. A., Southard, R. J., and Lee, K.: Laboratory System for Dust
Generation from Soils, J. Environ. Qual., 39, 1254–1261,
https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2008.0380, 2010.
Dueker, M. E., Weathers, K. C., O'Mullan, G. D., Juhl, A. R., and Uriarte,
M.: Environmental Controls on Coastal Coarse Aerosols: Implications for
Microbial Content and Deposition in the Near-Shore Environment, Environ. Sci.
Technol., 45, 3386–3392, https://doi.org/10.1021/es1035128, 2011.
Dutta, P. K., Zhou, Z., and dos Santos, P. R.: A theoretical study of
mineralogical maturation of eolian sand, Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap., 284,
203–209, 1993.
Engelstaedter, S., Tegen, I., and Washington, R.: North African dust
emissions and transport, Earth-Science Rev., 79, 73–100,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2006.06.004, 2006.
Evan, A. T., Fiedler, S., Zhao, C., Menut, L., Schepanski, K., Flamant, C.,
and Doherty, O.: Derivation of an observation-based map of North African dust
emission, Aeolian Res., 16, 153–162, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeolia.2015.01.001, 2015.
Feng, J.-L., Zhu, L.-P., Ju, J.-T., Zhou, L.-P., Zhen, X.-L., Zhang, W., and
Shao-Peng, G.: Heavy dust fall in Beijing on April 16–17, 2006: geochemical
properties and indications of the dust provenance, Geochem. J., 42, 221–236,
https://doi.org/10.2343/geochemj.42.221, 2008.
Fratini, G., Ciccioli, P., Febo, A., Forgione, A., and Valentini, R.:
Size-segregated fluxes of mineral dust from a desert area of northern China
by eddy covariance, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 2839–2854,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-2839-2007, 2007.
Fryrear, D.: A field dust sampler, J. Soil Water Conserv., 41, 117–120,
1986.
Gardner, R. and Pye, K.: Nature, origin and palaeoenvironmental significance
of red coastal and desert dune sands, Prog. Phys. Geogr., 5, 514–534,
https://doi.org/10.1177/030913338100500402, 1981.
Gillette, D., Blifford Jr., I., and Fryrear, D.: The influence of wind
velocity on the size distributions of aerosols generated by the wind erosion
of soils, J. Geophys. Res., 79, 4068–4075, https://doi.org/10.1029/JC079i027p04068,
1974.
Gillette, D. A.: On the production of soil wind erosion aerosols having the
potential for long range transport, J. Rech. Atmos., 8, 734–744, 1974.
Gillette, D. A., Blifford, I. H., and Fenster, C. R.: Measurements of aerosol
size distributions and vertical fluxes of aerosols on land subject to wind
erosion, J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., 11, 977–987,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1972)011<0977:MOASDA>2.0.CO;2, 1972.
Gillies, J. A., Etyemezian, V., Nikolich, G., Glick, R., Rowland, P., Pesce,
T., and Skinner, M.: Effectiveness of an array of porous fences to reduce
sand flux: Oceano Dunes, Oceano CA, J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 168,
247–259, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2017.06.015, 2017.
Gillies, J. A. and Berkofsky, L.: Eolian suspension above the saltation
layer, the concentration profile, J. Sediment. Res., 74, 176–183,
https://doi.org/10.1306/091303740176, 2004.
Ginoux, P., Chin, M., Tegen, I., Prospero, J. M., Holben, B., Dubovik, O.,
and Lin, S.-J.: Sources and distributions of dust aerosols simulated with the
GOCART model, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 106, 20255–20273,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD000053, 2001.
Goossens, D., Buck, B., and McLaurin, B.: Contributions to atmospheric dust
production of natural and anthropogenic emissions in a recreational area
designated for off-road vehicular activity (Nellis Dunes, Nevada, USA), J.
Arid Environ., 78, 80–99, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2011.10.015, 2012.
Goossens, D. and Buck, B.: Effects of wind erosion, off-road vehicular
activity, atmospheric conditions and the proximity of a metropolitan area on
PM10 characteristics in a recreational site, Atmos. Environ., 45, 94–107,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.09.046, 2011.
Goossens, D., Offer, Z., and London, G.: Wind tunnel and field calibration of
five aeolian sand traps, Geomorphology, 35, 233–252,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(00)00041-6, 2000.
Gualtieri, A.: Modal analysis of pyroclastic rocks by combined Rietveld and
RIR methods, Powder Diffr., 11, 97–106, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0885715600009052, 1996.
Gualtieri, A. F.: Accuracy of XRPD QPA using the combined Rietveld-RIR
method, J. Appl. Crystallogr., 33, 267–278, https://doi.org/10.1107/S002188989901643X,
2000.
Hillel, D.: Environmental soil physics, 1st ed., Academic Press, San Diego,
771 pp., 1998.
Hinds, W. C.: Aerosol technology: properties, behavior, and measurement of
airborne particles, 2nd ed., Wiley-Interscience, 504 pp., 1999.
Huneeus, N., Schulz, M., Balkanski, Y., Griesfeller, J., Prospero, J., Kinne,
S., Bauer, S., Boucher, O., Chin, M., Dentener, F., Diehl, T., Easter, R.,
Fillmore, D., Ghan, S., Ginoux, P., Grini, A., Horowitz, L., Koch, D., Krol,
M. C., Landing, W., Liu, X., Mahowald, N., Miller, R., Morcrette, J.-J.,
Myhre, G., Penner, J., Perlwitz, J., Stier, P., Takemura, T., and Zender, C.
S.: Global dust model intercomparison in AeroCom phase I, Atmos. Chem. Phys.,
11, 7781–7816, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-7781-2011, 2011.
ISO: Determination of particle size distribution: single particle light
interaction methods, part 1: Light scattering aerosol spectrometer, ISO
21501-1, 2009.
Ito, A. and Kok, J. F.: Do dust emissions from sparsely vegetated regions
dominate atmospheric iron supply to the Southern Ocean?, J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos., 122, 3987–4002, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD025939, 2017.
James, W. C., Mack, G. H., and Suttner, L. J.: Relative alteration of
microcline and sodic plagioclase in semi-arid and humid climates, J.
Sediment. Petrol., 51, 151–163, 1981.
Jari, M.: Effects of grinding and chemical factors on the generation and
composition of the till fine fraction: an experimental study, J. Geochemical
Explor., 54, 49–62, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(95)00008-D, 1995.
Jerolmack, D. J. and Brzinski, T. A.: Equivalence of abrupt grain-size
transitions in alluvial rivers and eolian sand seas: A hypothesis, Geology,
38, 719–722, https://doi.org/10.1130/G30922.1, 2010.
Jerolmack, D. J., Reitz, M. D., and Martin, R. L.: Sorting out abrasion in a
gypsum dune field, J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf., 116, F02003,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JF001821, 2011.
Kandler, K., Benker, N., Bundke, U., Cuevas, E., Ebert, M., Knippertz, P.,
Rodríguez, S., Schütz, L., and Weinbruch, S.: Chemical composition
and complex refractive index of Saharan Mineral Dust at Izaña, Tenerife
(Spain) derived by electron microscopy, Atmos. Environ., 41, 8058–8074,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.06.047, 2007.
Kasper-Zubillaga, J. J., Zolezzi-Ruíz, H., Carranza-Edwards, A.,
Girón-García, P., Ortiz-Zamora, G., and Palma, M.: Sedimentological,
modal analysis and geochemical studies of desert and coastal dunes, Altar
Desert, NW Mexico, Earth Surf. Process. Landforms, 32, 489–508,
https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1402, 2007.
Katra, I. and Yizhaq, H.: Intensity and degree of segregation in bimodal and
multimodal grain size distributions, Aeolian Res., 27, 23–34,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeolia.2017.05.002, 2017.
Kind, R. J.: One-dimensional aeolian suspension above beds of loose
particles – A new concentration-profile equation, Atmos. Environ., 26A,
927–931, https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-1686(92)90250-O, 1992.
Klose, M. and Shao, Y.: Stochastic parameterization of dust emission and
application to convective atmospheric conditions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12,
7309–7320, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-7309-2012, 2012.
Klute, E. A.: Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 1. Physical and Mineralogical
Methods, 2nd ed., edited by: Dinauer, R. C., American Society of Agronomy,
Inc., Soil Science Society of America, Inc., Madison, Wisconsin USA, 1358
pp., 1986.
Kok, J. F.: A scaling theory for the size distribution of emitted dust
aerosols suggests climate models underestimate the size of the global dust
cycle, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 108, 1016–1021, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1014798108,
2011.
Kok, J. F., Parteli, E. J. R., Michaels, T. I., and Karam, D. B.: The physics
of wind-blown sand and dust, Reports Prog. Phys., 75,
https://doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/75/10/106901, 2012.
Kok, J. F., Mahowald, N. M., Fratini, G., Gillies, J. A., Ishizuka, M., Leys,
J. F., Mikami, M., Park, M. S., Park, S. U., Van Pelt, R. S., and Zobeck, T.
M.: An improved dust emission model – Part 1: Model description and
comparison against measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 13023–13041,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13023-2014, 2014a.
Kok, J. F., Albani, S., Mahowald, N. M., and Ward, D. S.: An improved dust
emission model – Part 2: Evaluation in the Community Earth System Model,
with implications for the use of dust source functions, Atmos. Chem. Phys.,
14, 13043–13061, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13043-2014, 2014b.
Kok, J. F., Ridley, D. A., Zhou, Q., Miller, R. L., Zhao, C., Heald, C. L.,
Ward, D. S., Albani, S., and Haustein, K.: Smaller desert dust cooling effect
estimated from analysis of dust size and abundance, Nat. Geosci., 10,
274–278, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2912, 2017.
Kok, J. F., Ward, D. S., Mahowald, N. M., and Evan, A. T.: Global and
regional importance of the direct dust-climate feedback, Nat. Commun., 9,
241, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-02620-y, 2018.
Kuenen, P. H.: Experimental abrasion 4: Eolian Action, J. Geol., 68,
427–449, https://doi.org/10.1086/626675, 1960.
Kuenen, P. H.: Origin of quartz silt, J. Sediment. Res., 39, 1631–1633,
https://doi.org/10.1306/74D71ED3-2B21-11D7-8648000102C1865D, 1969.
Liang, T., Chamecki, M., and Yu, X.: Sea salt aerosol deposition in the
coastal zone: A large eddy simulation study, Atmos. Res., 180, 119–127,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2016.05.019, 2016.
Liu, H., Peters, G., and Foken, T.: New equations for sonic temperature
variance and buoyancy heat flux with an omnidirectional sonic anemometer,
Boundary-Layer Meteorol., 100, 459–468, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1019207031397, 2001.
Mahowald, N., Albani, S., Kok, J. F., Engelstaeder, S., Scanza, R., Ward, D.
S., and Flanner, M. G.: The size distribution of desert dust aerosols and its
impact on the Earth system, Aeolian Res., 15, 53–71,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeolia.2013.09.002, 2014.
Marticorena, B. and Bergametti, G.: Modeling the atmospheric dust cycle: 1.
Design of a soil-derived dust emission scheme, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 100,
16415–16430, https://doi.org/10.1029/95JD00690, 1995.
Martin, R. L. and Kok, J. F.: Wind-invariant saltation heights imply linear
scaling of aeolian saltation flux with shear stress, Sci. Adv., 3, e1602569,
https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1602569, 2017.
Martin, R. L. and Kok, J. F.: Distinct Thresholds for the Initiation and
Cessation of Aeolian Saltation From Field Measurements, J. Geophys. Res.
Earth Surf., 123, 1546–1565, https://doi.org/10.1029/2017JF004416, 2018.
Martin, R. L., Kok, J. F., Hugenholtz, C. H., Barchyn, T. E., Chamecki, M.,
and Ellis, J. T.: High-frequency measurements of aeolian saltation flux:
Field-based methodology and applications, Aeolian Res., 30, 97–114,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeolia.2017.12.003, 2018.
Mätzler, C.: MATLAB Functions for Mie Scattering and Absorption, IAP Res. Rep., version
2, 1–24, https://doi.org/10.1039/b811392k, 2002.
McConnell, C. L., Highwood, E. J., Coe, H., Formenti, P., Anderson, B.,
Osborne, S., Nava, S., Desboeufs, K., Chen, G., and Harrison, M. A. J.:
Seasonal variations of the physical and optical characteristics of Saharan
dust: Results from the Dust Outflow and Deposition to the Ocean (DODO)
experiment, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 113, D14S05, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009606,
2008.
McKee, E. D.: Ancient sandstones considered to be eolian, US Geol. Surv.
Prof. Pap., 1052, 189–238, 1979.
McKee, E. D.: Eolian Sand Bodies of the World, in: Eolian Sediments and
Processes, edited by: Brookfield, M. E. and Ahlbrandt, T. S., 1st edn.,
Developments in Sedimentology, 38, 1–25, Elsevier, New York,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0070-4571(08)70785-4, 1983.
Miller, R. L., Cakmur, R. V., Perlwitz, J., Geogdzhayev, I. V., Ginoux, P.,
Koch, D., Kohfeld, K. E., Prigent, C., Ruedy, R., Schmidt, G. A., and Tegen,
I.: Mineral dust aerosols in the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Sciences
ModelE atmospheric general circulation model, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 111,
D06208, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD005796, 2006.
Miller, R. L., Tegen, I., and Perlwitz, J.: Surface radiative forcing by soil
dust aerosols and the hydrologic cycle, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 109, D04203,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD004085, 2004.
Moreno, T., Gibbons, W., Jones, T., and Richards, R.: The geology of ambient
aerosols: characterising urban and rural/coastal silicate PM10−2.5 and
PM2.5 using high-volume cascade collection and scanning electron
microscopy, Atmos. Environ., 37, 4265–4276,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(03)00534-X, 2003.
Muhs, D. R.: Mineralogical maturity in dunefields of North America, Africa
and Australia, Geomorphology, 59, 247–269,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2003.07.020, 2004.
Muhs, D. R., Stafford, T. W., Swinehart, J. B., Cowherd, S. D., Mahan, S. A.,
Bush, C. A., Madole, R. F., and Maat, P. B.: Late Holocene eolian activity in
the mineralogically mature Nebraska Sand Hills, Quat. Res., 48, 162–176,
https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.1997.1913, 1997.
Murray, B. J., O'Sullivan, D., Atkinson, J. D., and Webb, M. E.: Ice
nucleation by particles immersed in supercooled cloud droplets, Chem. Soc.
Rev., 41, 6519, https://doi.org/10.1039/c2cs35200a, 2012.
Nesbitt, H. W., Fedo, C. M., and Young, G. M.: Quartz and Feldspar Stability,
Steady and Non-Steady-State Weathering, and Petrogenesis of Siliciclastic
Sands and Muds, J. Geol., 105, 173–192, https://doi.org/10.1086/515908, 1997.
Nousiainen, T. and Kandler, K.: Light scattering by atmospheric mineral dust
particles, Light Scatt. Rev. 9, 3–52, 2015.
O'Dowd, C. D. and de Leeuw, G.: Marine aerosol production: a review of the
current knowledge, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci., 365, 1856,
1753–1774, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2007.2043, 2007.
O'Hara-Dhand, K., Taylor, R. L. S., Smalley, I. J., Krinsley, D. H., and
Vita-Finzi, C.: Loess and dust on Earth and Mars: particle generation by
impact mechanisms, Cent. Eur. J. Geosci., 2, 45–51,
https://doi.org/10.2478/v10085-010-0001-z, 2010.
Okada, K., Heintzenberg, J., Kai, K., and Qin, Y.: Shape of atmospheric
mineral particles collected in three Chinese arid-regions, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 28, 3123–3126, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GL012798, 2001.
Orme, A. R.: Late Quaternary Deposits Near Point Sal, South Central
California: A Time Frame For Coastal-Dune Emplacement, Soc. Sediment. Geol.
Spec. Publ., 48, 310–315, https://doi.org/10.2110/pec.92.48.0309, 1992.
Osborne, S. R., Johnson, B. T., Haywood, J. M., Baran, A. J., Harrison, M. A.
J., and McConnell, C. L.: Physical and optical properties of mineral dust
aerosol during the Dust and Biomass-burning Experiment, J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos., 113, D00C03, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009551, 2008.
Ouren, B. D. S., Haas, C., Melcher, C. P., Stewart, S. C., Ponds, P. D.,
Secton, N. R., Burris, L., Fancher, T., and Bowen, Z. H.: Environmental
effects of off-highway vehicles on bureau of land management lands: a
literature synthesis, annotated bibliographies, extensive bibliographies, and
internet resources, U.S. Geol. Surv. Open-File Rep. 2007-1353, available at:
https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1353/report.pdf (last access:
27 February 2019), 2007.
Price, H. C., Baustian, K. J., McQuaid, J. B., Blyth, A., Bower, K. N.,
Choularton, T., Cotton, R. J., Cui, Z., Field, P. R., Gallagher, M., Hawker,
R., Merrington, A., Miltenberger, A., Neely, R. R., Parker, S. T., Rosenberg,
P. D., Taylor, J. W., Trembath, J., Vergara-Temprado, J., Whale, T. F.,
Wilson, T. W., Young, G., and Murray, B. J.: Atmospheric ice-nucleating
particles in the dusty tropical Atlantic, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 123,
2175–2193, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD027560, 2018.
Prospero, J. M., Ginoux, P., Torres, O., Nicholson, S. E., and Gill, T. E.:
Environmental characterization of global sources of atmospheric soil dust
identified with the NIMBUS 7 Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS)
absorbing aerosol product, Rev. Geophys., 40, 1002, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000RG000095,
2002.
Pye, K. and Sperling, C. H. B.: Experimental investigation of silt formation
by static breakage processes: the effect of temperature, moisture and salt on
quartz dune sand and granitic regolith, Sedimentology, 30, 49–62,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1983.tb00649.x, 1983.
Pye, K. and Tsoar, H.: Aeolian sand and sand dunes, 1st ed., Springer, Berlin
Heidelberg, 457 pp., 2009.
Ramanathan, V., Crutzen, P. J., Kiehl, J. T., and Rosenfeld, D.: Aerosols,
climate, and the hydrological cycle, Science, 294, 2119–2124,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1064034, 2001.
Rosenberg, P. D., Dean, A. R., Williams, P. I., Dorsey, J. R., Minikin, A.,
Pickering, M. A., and Petzold, A.: Particle sizing calibration with
refractive index correction for light scattering optical particle counters
and impacts upon PCASP and CDP data collected during the Fennec campaign,
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 5, 1147–1163, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-5-1147-2012,
2012.
Rosenberg, P. D., Parker, D. J., Ryder, C. L., Marsham, J. H.,
Garcia-Carrersa, L., Dorsey, J. R., Brooks, I. M., Dean, A. R., Crosier, J.,
McQuaid, J. B., and Washington, R.: Quantifying particle size and turbulent
scale dependence of dust flux in the Sahara using aircraft measurements, J.
Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 119, 7577–7598, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JD021255, 2014.
Ryder, C. L., Highwood, E. J., Rosenberg, P. D., Trembath, J., Brooke, J. K.,
Bart, M., Dean, A., Crosier, J., Dorsey, J., Brindley, H., Banks, J.,
Marsham, J. H., McQuaid, J. B., Sodemann, H., and Washington, R.: Optical
properties of Saharan dust aerosol and contribution from the coarse mode as
measured during the Fennec 2011 aircraft campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13,
303–325, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-303-2013, 2013.
Ryder, C. L., Marenco, F., Brooke, J. K., Estelles, V., Cotton, R., Formenti,
P., McQuaid, J. B., Price, H. C., Liu, D., Ausset, P., Rosenberg, P. D.,
Taylor, J. W., Choularton, T., Bower, K., Coe, H., Gallagher, M., Crosier,
J., Lloyd, G., Highwood, E. J., and Murray, B. J.: Coarse-mode mineral dust
size distributions, composition and optical properties from AER-D aircraft
measurements over the tropical eastern Atlantic, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18,
17225–17257, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-17225-2018, 2018.
Shao, Y.: Physics and modelling of wind erosion, 2nd ed., edited by: Shao,
Y., Springer, the Netherlands, 452 pp., 2008.
Shao, Y., Raupach, M. R., and Findlater, P. A.: Effect of saltation
bombardment on the entrainment of dust by wind, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 98,
12719–12726, https://doi.org/10.1029/93JD00396, 1993.
Shao, Y., Ishizuka, M., Mikami, M., and Leys, J. F.: Parameterization of
size-resolved dust emission and validation with measurements, J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos., 116, D08203, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD014527, 2011.
Sommariva, M., Gateshki, M., Gertenbach, J. A., Bolze, J., König, U.,
Vasile, B. Ş., and Surdu, V. A.: Characterizing nanoparticles with a
laboratory diffractometer: From small-angle to total X-ray scattering, Powder
Diff., 29, S47–S53, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0885715614001043, 2014.
Sow, M., Alfaro, S. C., Rajot, J. L., and Marticorena, B.: Size resolved dust
emission fluxes measured in Niger during 3 dust storms of the AMMA
experiment, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 3881–3891,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-3881-2009, 2009.
Sterk, G., Jacobs, A. F. G., and Van Boxel, J. H.: The effect of turbulent
flow structures on saltation sand transport in the atmospheric boundary
layer, Earth Surf. Process. Landf., 23, 877–887,
https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(199810)23:10<877::AID-ESP905>3.0.CO;2-R, 1998.
Stull, R. B.: An introduction to boundary layer meteorology, 1st ed.,
Springer Netherlands, 666 pp., 1988.
Sweeney, M. R., Zlotnik, V. A., Joeckel, R. M., and Stout, J. E.: Geomorphic
and hydrologic controls of dust emissions during drought from Yellow Lake
playa, West Texas, USA, J. Arid Environ., 133, 37–46,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2016.05.007, 2016.
Swet, N. and Katra, I.: Reduction in soil aggregation in response to dust
emission processes, Geomorphology, 268, 177–183,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.06.002, 2016.
Swet, N., Elperin, T., Kok, J. F., Martin, R. L., Yizhaq, H., and Katra, I.:
Can active sands generate dust particles by wind-induced processes?, Earth
Planet. Sci. Lett., 506, 371–380, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2018.11.013, 2019.
Tegen, I., Harrison, S. P., Kohfeld, K., Prentice, C. I., Coe, M., and
Heimann, M.: Impact of vegetation and preferential source areas on global
dust aerosol: Results from a model study, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.,
107, AAC 14-1–AAC 14-27, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD000963, 2002.
Tiessen, H., Hauffe, H. K., and Mermut, A. R.: Deposition of Harmattan dust
and its influence on base saturation of soils in northern Ghana, Geoderma,
49, 285–299, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7061(91)90081-4, 1991.
Vaughan, M.: Air Board Approves Historic Order for State Parks to Reduce Dust
from Oceano Dunes, The Tribune (San Luis Obispo, California), 30 April,
available at:
https://www.sanluisobispo.com/news/local/environment/article210047754.html
(last access: 27 February 2019), 2018.
von der Weiden, S.-L., Drewnick, F., and Borrmann, S.: Particle Loss
Calculator – a new software tool for the assessment of the performance of
aerosol inlet systems, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 2, 479–494,
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2-479-2009, 2009.
Webb, N. P., Strong, C. L., Chappell, A., Marx, S. K., and McTainsh, G. H.:
Soil organic carbon enrichment of dust emissions: magnitude, mechanisms and
its implications for the carbon cycle, Earth Surf. Process. Landforms, 38,
1662–1671, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3404, 2013.
Weinzierl, B., Petzold, A., Esselborn, M., Wirth, M., Rasp, K., Kandler, K.,
Schütz, L., Koepke, P., and Fiebig, M.: Airborne measurements of dust
layer properties, particle size distribution and mixing state of Saharan dust
during SAMUM 2006, Tellus, 61, 96–117, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2008.00392.x,
2009.
Whalley, W. B., Smith, B. J., McAlister, J. J., and Edwards, A. J.: Aeolian
abrasion of quartz particles and the production of silt-size fragments:
preliminary results, Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ., 35, 129–138,
https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.035.01.09, 1987.
Wright, J.: Making loess-sized quartz silt: data from laboratory simulations
and implications for sediment transport pathways and the formation of
“desert” loess deposits associated with the Sahara, Quat. Int., 76–77,
7–19, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1040-6182(00)00085-9, 2001.
Wright, J., Smith, B., and Whalley, B.: Mechanisms of loess-sized quartz silt
production and their relative effectiveness: Laboratory simulations,
Geomorphology, 23, 15–34, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(97)00084-6,
1998.
Yizhaq, H., Ashkenazy, Y., and Tsoar, H.: Sand dune dynamics and climate
change: A modeling approach, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 114, F01023,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JF001138, 2009.
Zender, C. S., Bian, H., and Newman, D.: Mineral Dust Entrainment and
Deposition (DEAD) model: Description and 1990s dust climatology, J. Geophys.
Res., 108, 4416, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002775, 2003.
Zobeck, T. M. and Van Pelt, R. S.: Wind-induced dust generation and transport
mechanics on a bare agricultural field, J. Hazard. Mater., 132, 26–38,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.11.090, 2006.
Short summary
This paper provides important insights on dust emission from sand dunes, which cover a large fraction of arid lands; produces the first in situ measurements for size-resolved dust emission from active sands that could improve the representation of dust cycle in climate models and remote sensing techniques; and shows that dust from active sands is likely significantly finer than thought, implying a greater effect of dust emission from active sands on downwind climate, hydrology, and human health.
This paper provides important insights on dust emission from sand dunes, which cover a large...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint