Articles | Volume 19, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-1835-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-1835-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
12 Feb 2019
Research article |
| 12 Feb 2019
| 12 Feb 2019
Model results of OH airglow considering four different wavelength regions to derive night-time atomic oxygen and atomic hydrogen in the mesopause region
Tilo Fytterer
Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
Christian von Savigny
Institute of Physics, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
Martin Mlynczak
Langley Research Center, NASA, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199, USA
Miriam Sinnhuber
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
Related authors
T. Fytterer, M. G. Mlynczak, H. Nieder, K. Pérot, M. Sinnhuber, G. Stiller, and J. Urban
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 3327–3338, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-3327-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-3327-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Energetic particles from the sun produce NOx (=N+NO+NO2) in the mesosphere/lower thermosphere. The NOx can be transported downward in the stratosphere during polar winter where NOx eventually depletes O3. This entire chain is the so-called energetic particle precipitation (EPP) indirect effect.
Here we show downward propagating negative stratospheric O3 anomalies during Antarctic polar winter. The O3 anomalies are caused by geomagnetic activity and show strong hints of the EPP indirect effect.
Christian von Savigny, Anna Lange, Christoph G. Hoffmann, and Alexei Rozanov
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2415–2422, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2415-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2415-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
It is well known that volcanic eruptions strongly affect the colours of the twilight sky. Typically, volcanic eruptions lead to enhanced reddish and violet twilight colours. In rare cases, however, volcanic eruptions can also lead to green sunsets. This study provides an explanation for the occurrence of these unusual green sunsets based on simulations with a radiative transfer model. Green volcanic sunsets require a sufficient stratospheric aerosol optical depth and specific aerosol sizes.
Bernd Funke, Thierry Dudok de Wit, Ilaria Ermolli, Margit Haberreiter, Doug Kinnison, Daniel Marsh, Hilde Nesse, Annika Seppälä, Miriam Sinnhuber, and Ilya Usoskin
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 1217–1227, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1217-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1217-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We outline a road map for the preparation of a solar forcing dataset for the upcoming Phase 7 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP7), considering the latest scientific advances made in the reconstruction of solar forcing and in the understanding of climate response while also addressing the issues that were raised during CMIP6.
Anna Lange, Alexei Rozanov, and Christian von Savigny
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14829–14839, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14829-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14829-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We were able to demonstrate quantitatively that the blue colour of the sky cannot be solely attributed to Rayleigh scattering. The influence of ozone on the blue colour of the sky is calculated for different viewing geometries, total ozone columns and an enhanced stratospheric aerosol scenario. Furthermore, the effects of polarisation, surface albedo and observer height are investigated.
John M. C. Plane, Jörg Gumbel, Konstantinos S. Kalogerakis, Daniel R. Marsh, and Christian von Savigny
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13255–13282, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13255-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13255-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The mesosphere or lower thermosphere region of the atmosphere borders the edge of space. It is subject to extreme ultraviolet photons and charged particles from the Sun and atmospheric gravity waves from below, which tend to break in this region. The pressure is very low, which facilitates chemistry involving species in excited states, and this is also the region where cosmic dust ablates and injects various metals. The result is a unique and exotic chemistry.
Monali Borthakur, Miriam Sinnhuber, Alexandra Laeng, Thomas Reddmann, Peter Braesicke, Gabriele Stiller, Thomas von Clarmann, Bernd Funke, Ilya Usoskin, Jan Maik Wissing, and Olesya Yakovchuk
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 12985–13013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12985-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12985-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Reduced ozone levels resulting from ozone depletion mean more exposure to UV radiation, which has various effects on human health. We analysed solar events to see what influence it has on the chemistry of Earth's atmosphere and how this atmospheric chemistry change can affect the ozone. To do this, we used an atmospheric model considering only chemistry and compared it with satellite data. The focus was mainly on the contribution of chlorine, and we found about 10 %–20 % ozone loss due to that.
Christoph G. Hoffmann, Lena G. Buth, and Christian von Savigny
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 12781–12799, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12781-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12781-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Madden–Julian oscillation is an important feature of weather in the tropics. Although it is mainly active in the troposphere, we show that it systematically influences the air temperature in the layers above, up to about 100 km altitude and from pole to pole. We have linked this to another known far-reaching process, interhemispheric coupling. This is basic research on atmospheric couplings and variability but might also be of interest for intraseasonal weather forecasting models.
Felix Wrana, Ulrike Niemeier, Larry W. Thomason, Sandra Wallis, and Christian von Savigny
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9725–9743, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9725-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9725-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The stratospheric aerosol layer is a naturally occurring and permanent layer of aerosol, in this case very small droplets of mostly sulfuric acid and water, that has a cooling effect on our climate. To quantify this effect and for our general understanding of stratospheric microphysical processes, knowledge of the size of those aerosol particles is needed. Using satellite measurements and atmospheric models we show that some volcanic eruptions can lead to on average smaller aerosol sizes.
Christine Pohl, Felix Wrana, Alexei Rozanov, Terry Deshler, Elizaveta Malinina, Christian von Savigny, Landon A. Rieger, Adam E. Bourassa, and John P. Burrows
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2023-156, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2023-156, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT
Short summary
Short summary
The knowledge of stratospheric aerosol characteristics is important to understand the chemical and climate aerosol feedbacks. Two particle size distribution parameters, the aerosol extinction coefficient, and the effective radius are retrieved from SCIAMACHY limb observations. The aerosol characteristics show good agreement with independent data sets from balloon-borne and satellite observations. This data set expands the limited knowledge of stratospheric aerosol characteristics.
Sandra Wallis, Hauke Schmidt, and Christian von Savigny
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7001–7014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7001-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7001-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Strong volcanic eruptions are able to alter the temperature and the circulation of the middle atmosphere. This study simulates the atmospheric response to an idealized strong tropical eruption and focuses on the impact on the mesosphere. The simulations show a warming of the polar summer mesopause in the first November after the eruption. Our study indicates that this is mainly due to dynamical coupling in the summer hemisphere with a potential contribution from interhemispheric coupling.
Thomas Reddmann, Miriam Sinnhuber, Jan Maik Wissing, Olesya Yakovchuk, and Ilya Usoskin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6989–7000, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6989-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6989-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Recent analyses of isotopic records of ice cores and sediments have shown that very strong explosions may occur on the Sun, perhaps about one such explosion every 1000 years. Such explosions pose a real threat to humankind. It is therefore of great interest to study the impact of such explosions on Earth. We analyzed how the explosions would affect the chemistry of the middle atmosphere and show that the related ozone loss is not dramatic and that the atmosphere will recover within 1 year.
Gerald Wetzel, Michael Höpfner, Hermann Oelhaf, Felix Friedl-Vallon, Anne Kleinert, Guido Maucher, Miriam Sinnhuber, Janna Abalichin, Angelika Dehn, and Piera Raspollini
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 6669–6704, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-6669-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-6669-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Satellite measurements of stratospheric trace gases are essential for monitoring distributions and trends of these species on a global scale. Here, we compare the final MIPAS ESA Level 2 version 8 data (temperature and trace gases) with measurements obtained with the balloon version of MIPAS in terms of data agreement of both sensors, including combined errors. For most gases, we find a 5 % to 20 % agreement of the retrieved vertical profiles of both MIPAS instruments in the lower stratosphere.
Christian von Savigny, Anna Lange, Anne Hemkendreis, Christoph G. Hoffmann, and Alexei Rozanov
Clim. Past, 18, 2345–2356, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2345-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2345-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the possibility of inferring information on aerosol optical depth from photographs of historic paintings. The idea – which has been applied in previous studies – is very interesting because it would provide an archive of the atmospheric aerosol loading covering many centuries. We show that twilight colours depend not only on the aerosol optical thickness, but also on several other parameters, making a quantitative estimate of aerosol optical depth very difficult.
Sandra Wallis, Christoph Gregor Hoffmann, and Christian von Savigny
Ann. Geophys., 40, 421–431, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-421-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-421-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Although the 1991 eruption of Mt Pinatubo had a severe impact on Earth's climate, the effect of this event on the mesosphere is not well understood. We investigated satellite-borne temperature measurements from the HALOE instrument and found indications that a positive temperature anomaly is present in the tropical upper mesosphere at the beginning of the HALOE time series, which may be related to the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo.
Anna Lange, Gerd Baumgarten, Alexei Rozanov, and Christian von Savigny
Ann. Geophys., 40, 407–419, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-407-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-407-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the influence of different parameters on the colour of noctilucent clouds (highest clouds in the atmosphere), using radiative transfer calculations. We determined the effect of the particle size, optical depth, single scattering/multiple scattering and ozone. For sufficiently large optical depth and for specific viewing geometries, ozone plays only a minor role in the blueish colour of noctilucent clouds (new result).
Irina Mironova, Miriam Sinnhuber, Galina Bazilevskaya, Mark Clilverd, Bernd Funke, Vladimir Makhmutov, Eugene Rozanov, Michelle L. Santee, Timofei Sukhodolov, and Thomas Ulich
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6703–6716, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6703-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6703-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
From balloon measurements, we detected unprecedented, extremely powerful, electron precipitation over the middle latitudes. The robustness of this event is confirmed by satellite observations of electron fluxes and chemical composition, as well as by ground-based observations of the radio signal propagation. The applied chemistry–climate model shows the almost complete destruction of ozone in the mesosphere over the region where high-energy electrons were observed.
Mireia Papke Chica, Valerian Hahn, Tiziana Braeuer, Elena de la Torre Castro, Florian Ewald, Mathias Gergely, Simon Kirschler, Luca Bugliaro Goggia, Stefanie Knobloch, Martina Kraemer, Johannes Lucke, Johanna Mayer, Raphael Maerkl, Manuel Moser, Laura Tomsche, Tina Jurkat-Witschas, Martin Zoeger, Christian von Savigny, and Christiane Voigt
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-255, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-255, 2022
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
The mixed-phase temperature regime in convective clouds challenges our understanding of microphysical and radiative cloud properties. We provide a rare and unique dataset of aircraft in situ measurements in a strong mid-latitude convective system. We find that mechanisms initiating ice nucleation and growth strongly depend on temperature, relative humidity, and vertical velocity and variate within the measured system, resulting in altitude dependent changes of the cloud liquid and ice fraction.
Sumanta Sarkhel, Gunter Stober, Jorge L. Chau, Steven M. Smith, Christoph Jacobi, Subarna Mondal, Martin G. Mlynczak, and James M. Russell III
Ann. Geophys., 40, 179–190, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-179-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-179-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A rare gravity wave event was observed on the night of 25 April 2017 over northern Germany. An all-sky airglow imager recorded an upward-propagating wave at different altitudes in mesosphere with a prominent wave front above 91 km and faintly observed below. Based on wind and satellite-borne temperature profiles close to the event location, we have found the presence of a leaky thermal duct layer in 85–91 km. The appearance of this duct layer caused the wave amplitudes to diminish below 91 km.
Julia Koch, Adam Bourassa, Nick Lloyd, Chris Roth, and Christian von Savigny
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 3191–3202, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3191-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3191-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The mesopause, the region of the earth's atmosphere between 85 and 100 km, is hard to access by direct measurements. Therefore we look for parameters that can be measured using satellite or ground-based measurements. In this study we researched sodium airglow, a phenomenon that occurs when sodium atoms are excited by chemical reactions. We compared satellite measurements of the airglow and resulting sodium concentration profiles to gain a better understanding of the sodium in that region.
Elizaveta Malinina, Alexei Rozanov, Ulrike Niemeier, Sandra Wallis, Carlo Arosio, Felix Wrana, Claudia Timmreck, Christian von Savigny, and John P. Burrows
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 14871–14891, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14871-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14871-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In the paper, changes in the stratospheric aerosol loading after the 2018 Ambae eruption were analyzed using OMPS-LP observations. The eruption was also simulated with the MAECHAM5-HAM global climate model. Generally, the model and observations agree very well. We attribute the good consistency of the results to a precisely determined altitude and mass of the volcanic injection, as well as nudging of the meteorological data. The radiative forcing from the eruption was estimated to be −0.13 W m−2.
Manfred Ern, Mohamadou Diallo, Peter Preusse, Martin G. Mlynczak, Michael J. Schwartz, Qian Wu, and Martin Riese
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 13763–13795, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13763-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13763-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Details of the driving of the semiannual oscillation (SAO) of the tropical winds in the middle atmosphere are still not known. We investigate the SAO and its driving by small-scale gravity waves (GWs) using satellite data and different reanalyses. In a large altitude range, GWs mainly drive the SAO westerlies, but in the upper mesosphere GWs seem to drive both SAO easterlies and westerlies. Reanalyses reproduce some features of the SAO but are limited by model-inherent damping at upper levels.
Nellie Wullenweber, Anna Lange, Alexei Rozanov, and Christian von Savigny
Clim. Past, 17, 969–983, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-969-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-969-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the physical processes leading to the rare phenomenon of the sun appearing blue or green. The phenomenon is caused by anomalous scattering by, e.g., volcanic or forest fire aerosols. Unlike most other studies, our study includes a full treatment of the effect of Rayleigh scattering on the colour of the sun. We investigate different factors and revisit a historic example, i.e. the Canadian forest fires in 1950, that led to blue sun events in different European countries.
Felix Wrana, Christian von Savigny, Jacob Zalach, and Larry W. Thomason
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 2345–2357, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-2345-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-2345-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we describe a new method for calculating the size of naturally occurring droplets (aerosols) made mostly of sulfuric acid and water that can be found roughly at 20 km altitude in the atmosphere. We use data from the instrument SAGE III/ISS that is mounted on the International Space Station. We show that our method works well, and that the size parameters we calculate are reasonable and can be a valuable addition for a better understanding of aerosols and their effect on climate.
Larry W. Thomason, Mahesh Kovilakam, Anja Schmidt, Christian von Savigny, Travis Knepp, and Landon Rieger
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 1143–1158, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1143-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1143-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Measurements of the impact of volcanic eruptions on stratospheric aerosol loading by space-based instruments show show a fairly well-behaved relationship between the magnitude and the apparent changes to aerosol size over several orders of magnitude. This directly measured relationship provides a unique opportunity to verify the performance of interactive aerosol models used in climate models.
Lukas O. Muser, Gholam Ali Hoshyaripour, Julia Bruckert, Ákos Horváth, Elizaveta Malinina, Sandra Wallis, Fred J. Prata, Alexei Rozanov, Christian von Savigny, Heike Vogel, and Bernhard Vogel
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 15015–15036, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15015-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15015-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Volcanic aerosols endanger aircraft and thus disrupt air travel globally. For aviation safety, it is vital to know the location and lifetime of such aerosols in the atmosphere. Here we show that the interaction of volcanic particles with each other eventually reduces their atmospheric lifetime. Moreover, we demonstrate that sunlight heats these particles, which lifts them several kilometers in the atmosphere. These findings support a more reliable forecast of volcanic aerosol dispersion.
Sabine Wüst, Michael Bittner, Jeng-Hwa Yee, Martin G. Mlynczak, and James M. Russell III
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 6067–6093, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6067-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6067-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
With airglow spectrometers, the temperature in the upper mesosphere/lower thermosphere can be derived each night. The data allow to estimate the amount of energy which is transported by small-scale atmospheric waves, known as gravity waves. In order to do this, information about the Brunt–Väisälä frequency and its evolution during the year is necessary. This is provided here for low and midlatitudes based on 18 years of satellite data.
Thomas von Clarmann, Douglas A. Degenstein, Nathaniel J. Livesey, Stefan Bender, Amy Braverman, André Butz, Steven Compernolle, Robert Damadeo, Seth Dueck, Patrick Eriksson, Bernd Funke, Margaret C. Johnson, Yasuko Kasai, Arno Keppens, Anne Kleinert, Natalya A. Kramarova, Alexandra Laeng, Bavo Langerock, Vivienne H. Payne, Alexei Rozanov, Tomohiro O. Sato, Matthias Schneider, Patrick Sheese, Viktoria Sofieva, Gabriele P. Stiller, Christian von Savigny, and Daniel Zawada
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 4393–4436, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-4393-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-4393-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Remote sensing of atmospheric state variables typically relies on the inverse solution of the radiative transfer equation. An adequately characterized retrieval provides information on the uncertainties of the estimated state variables as well as on how any constraint or a priori assumption affects the estimate. This paper summarizes related techniques and provides recommendations for unified error reporting.
Markus Kunze, Tim Kruschke, Ulrike Langematz, Miriam Sinnhuber, Thomas Reddmann, and Katja Matthes
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 6991–7019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-6991-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-6991-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Modelling the response of the atmosphere and its constituents to 11-year solar variations is subject to a certain uncertainty arising from the solar irradiance data set used in the chemistry–climate model (CCM) and the applied CCM itself.
This study reveals significant influences from both sources on the variations in the solar response in the stratosphere and mesosphere.
However, there are also regions where the random, unexplained part of the variations in the solar response is largest.
Christian von Savigny and Christoph G. Hoffmann
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 1909–1920, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1909-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1909-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Stratospheric sulfate aerosols increase the Earth's planetary albedo and can lead to significant surface cooling, for example in the aftermath of volcanic eruptions. Their particle size distribution, important for physical and chemical effects of these aerosols, is still not fully understood. The present paper proposes an explanation for systematic differences in aerosol particle size retrieved from measurements made in different measurement geometries and reported in earlier studies.
Olexandr Lednyts'kyy and Christian von Savigny
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 2221–2261, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2221-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2221-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Atomic oxygen is a chemically active trace gas and a critical component of the energy balance of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT). By sequentially applying continuity equations of low degree, a new model representing the airglow and photochemistry of oxygen in the MLT is implemented, enabling comparisons with airglow observations at each step. The most effective data sets required to derive the abundance of atomic oxygen are the O2 atmospheric band emission, temperature, N2 and O2.
Piao Rong, Christian von Savigny, Chunmin Zhang, Christoph G. Hoffmann, and Michael J. Schwartz
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 1737–1755, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-1737-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-1737-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We study the presence and characteristics of 27 d solar signatures in middle atmospheric temperature observed by the microwave limb sounder on NASA's Aura spacecraft. This is a highly interesting and significant subject because the physical and chemical mechanisms leading to these 27 d solar-driven signatures are, in many cases, not well understood. The analysis shows that highly significant 27 d solar signatures in middle atmospheric temperature are present at many altitudes and latitudes.
Jacob Zalach, Christian von Savigny, Arvid Langenbach, Gerd Baumgarten, Franz-Josef Lübken, and Adam Bourassa
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2019-267, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2019-267, 2019
Revised manuscript not accepted
Arvid Langenbach, Gerd Baumgarten, Jens Fiedler, Franz-Josef Lübken, Christian von Savigny, and Jacob Zalach
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 4065–4076, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-4065-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-4065-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Stratospheric aerosol backscatter ratios in the Arctic using Rayleigh, Mie and Raman backscattered signals were calculated. A backscatter ratio calculation during daytime was performed for the first time. Sharp aerosol layers thinner than 1 km over several days were observed. The seasonal cycle of stratospheric background aerosol in high latitudes including the summer months was calculated for the first time. Top altitude of the aerosol layer was found to reach up to 34 km, especially in summer.
Sabine Wüst, Carsten Schmidt, Patrick Hannawald, Michael Bittner, Martin G. Mlynczak, and James M. Russell III
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 6401–6418, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-6401-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-6401-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
In winter 2016, the camera system FAIM derived information about the OH* airglow at ca. 86 km height during six flights on board the research aircraft FALCON in northern Scandinavia. Coincident ground- and satellite-based measurements (GRIPS and TIMED-SABER) complete the data set. The data are analysed with respect to the temporal and spatial evolution of small-scale atmospheric dynamics just before a minor stratospheric warming. Special emphasis is placed on possible instability features.
Christoph G. Hoffmann and Christian von Savigny
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 4235–4256, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-4235-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-4235-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We examine a possible statistical linkage between atmospheric variability in the tropical troposphere on the intraseasonal timescale, which is known as Madden–Julian oscillation, and known variability of the solar radiation with a period of 27 days. This helps to understand tropospheric variability in more detail, which is generally of interest, e.g., for weather forecasting. We find indications for such a linkage; however, more research has to be conducted for an unambiguous attribution.
Stefan Bender, Miriam Sinnhuber, Patrick J. Espy, and John P. Burrows
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 2135–2147, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2135-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2135-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We present an empirical model for nitric oxide (NO) in the mesosphere (60–90 km) derived from SCIAMACHY limb scan data. Our model relates the daily (longitudinally) averaged NO number densities from SCIAMACHY as a function of geomagnetic latitude to the solar Lyman-alpha and the geomagnetic AE indices. We use a non-linear regression model, incorporating a finite and seasonally varying lifetime for the geomagnetically induced NO.
Christian von Savigny, Dieter H. W. Peters, and Günter Entzian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 2079–2093, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2079-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2079-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates solar effects in radio reflection height observations in the ionospheric D region at an altitude of about 80 km at northern midlatitudes. The analyzed time series covers almost six solar cycles. Statistically significant solar 27-day and 11-year signatures are identified. However, the driving mechanisms are not fully understood. We also provide evidence for dynamical effects on the radio reflection heights with periods close to the solar rotational cycle.
David E. Siskind, McArthur Jones Jr., Douglas P. Drob, John P. McCormack, Mark E. Hervig, Daniel R. Marsh, Martin G. Mlynczak, Scott M. Bailey, Astrid Maute, and Nicholas J. Mitchell
Ann. Geophys., 37, 37–48, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-37-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-37-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We use data from two NASA satellites and a general circulation model of the upper atmosphere to elucidate the key factors governing the abundance and diurnal variation of nitric oxide (NO) at near-solar minimum conditions and low latitudes. This has been difficult to do previously, because NO data are typically taken from satellites in sun-synchronous orbits, meaning that they only acquire data in fixed local times. We overcome this limitation through model simulations of the NO diurnal cycle.
Sabine Wüst, Thomas Offenwanger, Carsten Schmidt, Michael Bittner, Christoph Jacobi, Gunter Stober, Jeng-Hwa Yee, Martin G. Mlynczak, and James M. Russell III
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 2937–2947, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-2937-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-2937-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
OH*-spectrometer measurements allow the analysis of gravity wave ground-based periods, but spatial information cannot necessarily be deduced. We combine the approach of Wachter at al. (2015) in order to derive horizontal wavelengths (but based on only one OH* spectrometer) with additional information about wind and temperature and compute vertical wavelengths. Knowledge of these parameters is a precondition for the calculation of further information such as the wave group velocity.
Manfred Ern, Quang Thai Trinh, Peter Preusse, John C. Gille, Martin G. Mlynczak, James M. Russell III, and Martin Riese
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 857–892, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-857-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-857-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The gravity wave climatology based on atmospheric infrared limb emissions observed by satellite (GRACILE) is a global data set of gravity wave (GW) distributions in the stratosphere and the mesosphere observed by the infrared limb sounding satellite instruments HIRDLS and SABER. Typical distributions of multiple GW parameters are provided. Possible applications are scientific studies, comparison with other observations, or comparison with resolved or parametrized GW distributions in models.
Miriam Sinnhuber, Uwe Berger, Bernd Funke, Holger Nieder, Thomas Reddmann, Gabriele Stiller, Stefan Versick, Thomas von Clarmann, and Jan Maik Wissing
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 1115–1147, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-1115-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-1115-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Results from global models are used to analyze the impact of energetic particle precipitation on the middle atmosphere (10–80 km). Model results agree well with observations, and show strong enhancements of NOy, long-lasting ozone loss, and a net heating in the uppermost stratosphere (~35–45 km) during polar winter which changes sign in spring. Energetic particle precipitation therefore has the potential to impact atmospheric dynamics, starting from a warmer winter-time upper stratosphere.
Amirmahdi Zarboo, Stefan Bender, John P. Burrows, Johannes Orphal, and Miriam Sinnhuber
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 473–487, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-473-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-473-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We present the retrieved volume emission rates (VERs) from the airglow of both the daytime and twilight O2(1Σ) band and O2(1Δ) band emissions in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT). We have investigated the daily mean latitudinal distributions and the time series of the retrieved VER in the altitude range from 53 to 149 km. These observations provide information about the chemistry and dynamics and can be used to infer ozone, solar heating rates, and temperature in the MLT.
Sabine Wüst, Michael Bittner, Jeng-Hwa Yee, Martin G. Mlynczak, and James M. Russell III
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 4895–4903, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-4895-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-4895-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
In the Alpine region, the most dense subnetwork of identical NDMC (Network for the Detection of Mesospheric Change) instruments can be found. With these instruments the mesopause temperature is derived each night. The data can be used for the investigation of the amount of energy which is transported by small-scale atmospheric waves, known as gravity waves, provided that the so-called Brunt–Väisälä frequency is known. Information about the variability of this parameter is provided here.
Martin P. Langowski, Christian von Savigny, John P. Burrows, Didier Fussen, Erin C. M. Dawkins, Wuhu Feng, John M. C. Plane, and Daniel R. Marsh
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 2989–3006, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-2989-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-2989-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Meteoric metals form metal layers in the upper atmosphere anandplay a role in the formation of middle-atmospheric clouds and aerosols. However, the total metal influx rate is not well known. Global Na datasets from measurements and a model are available, which had not been compared yet on a global scale until this paper. Overall the agreement is good, and many differences between measurements are also found in the model simulations. However, the modeled layer altitude is too low.
Peter A. Panka, Alexander A. Kutepov, Konstantinos S. Kalogerakis, Diego Janches, James M. Russell, Ladislav Rezac, Artem G. Feofilov, Martin G. Mlynczak, and Erdal Yiğit
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 9751–9760, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-9751-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-9751-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Recently, theoretical and laboratory studies have suggested an additional
nighttime channel of transfer of vibrational energy of OH molecules to CO2 in the
mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT). We show that new mechanism brings
modelled 4.3 μm emissions very close to the SABER/TIMED measurements. This
renders new opportunities for the application of the CO2 4.3 μm observations in
the study of the energetics and dynamics of the nighttime MLT.
Katja Matthes, Bernd Funke, Monika E. Andersson, Luke Barnard, Jürg Beer, Paul Charbonneau, Mark A. Clilverd, Thierry Dudok de Wit, Margit Haberreiter, Aaron Hendry, Charles H. Jackman, Matthieu Kretzschmar, Tim Kruschke, Markus Kunze, Ulrike Langematz, Daniel R. Marsh, Amanda C. Maycock, Stergios Misios, Craig J. Rodger, Adam A. Scaife, Annika Seppälä, Ming Shangguan, Miriam Sinnhuber, Kleareti Tourpali, Ilya Usoskin, Max van de Kamp, Pekka T. Verronen, and Stefan Versick
Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 2247–2302, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-2247-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-2247-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The solar forcing dataset for climate model experiments performed for the upcoming IPCC report is described. This dataset provides the radiative and particle input of solar variability on a daily basis from 1850 through to 2300. With this dataset a better representation of natural climate variability with respect to the output of the Sun is provided which provides the most sophisticated and comprehensive respresentation of solar variability that has been used in climate model simulations so far.
Bernd Funke, William Ball, Stefan Bender, Angela Gardini, V. Lynn Harvey, Alyn Lambert, Manuel López-Puertas, Daniel R. Marsh, Katharina Meraner, Holger Nieder, Sanna-Mari Päivärinta, Kristell Pérot, Cora E. Randall, Thomas Reddmann, Eugene Rozanov, Hauke Schmidt, Annika Seppälä, Miriam Sinnhuber, Timofei Sukhodolov, Gabriele P. Stiller, Natalia D. Tsvetkova, Pekka T. Verronen, Stefan Versick, Thomas von Clarmann, Kaley A. Walker, and Vladimir Yushkov
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 3573–3604, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-3573-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-3573-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Simulations from eight atmospheric models have been compared to tracer and temperature observations from seven satellite instruments in order to evaluate the energetic particle indirect effect (EPP IE) during the perturbed northern hemispheric (NH) winter 2008/2009. Models are capable to reproduce the EPP IE in dynamically and geomagnetically quiescent NH winter conditions. The results emphasize the need for model improvements in the dynamical representation of elevated stratopause events.
Stefan Bender, Miriam Sinnhuber, Martin Langowski, and John P. Burrows
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 209–220, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-209-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-209-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We present the retrieval of NO number densities from 60 km to 85 km from measurements of SCIAMACHY/Envisat in its nominal limb mode (0–91 km). We derive the densities from the NO gamma bands (230–300 nm). Using prior input reduces the incorrect attribution of NO from the lower thermosphere. The SCIAMACHY nominal limb scans provide almost 10 years of daily NO data in this altitude range, a unique data record to constrain NO in the mesosphere for testing and validating chemistry climate models.
Frank T. Huang, Hans G. Mayr, James M. Russell III, and Martin G. Mlynczak
Ann. Geophys., 34, 801–813, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-801-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-801-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We have derived ozone and temperature responses to solar variability over a solar cycle, from 2002 to 2014 at 20–60 km and 48°S–48°N, based on a new dataset (SABER). These global results can be directly compared with 3-D models and will help in understanding not only the physical processes but also how they affect the Earth's climate. The simultaneous measurements of ozone and temperature will give added insight into the dynamics and photochemistry of the middle and upper atmosphere.
Manfred Ern, Quang Thai Trinh, Martin Kaufmann, Isabell Krisch, Peter Preusse, Jörn Ungermann, Yajun Zhu, John C. Gille, Martin G. Mlynczak, James M. Russell III, Michael J. Schwartz, and Martin Riese
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 9983–10019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-9983-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-9983-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) influence the atmospheric circulation over a large range of altitudes and latitudes. We investigate the global distribution of small-scale gravity waves (GWs) during SSWs as derived from 13 years of satellite observations.
We find that GWs may play an important role for triggering SSWs by preconditioning the polar vortex, as well as during long-lasting vortex recovery phases after SSWs. The GW distribution during SSWs displays strong day-to-day variability.
Khalil Karami, Peter Braesicke, Miriam Sinnhuber, and Stefan Versick
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 8447–8460, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8447-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8447-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We introduce a diagnostic tool to assess in a climatological framework the optimal propagation conditions for stationary planetary waves. Analyzing 50 winters using NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data we demonstrate several problematic features of the refractive index of Rossby waves. We introduced the Rossby waves membership value function to calculate the optimal propagation conditions for Rossby waves. Sensitivity of our diagnostic tool to strong and weak vortex regimes are examined.
Kai-Uwe Eichmann, Luca Lelli, Christian von Savigny, Harjinder Sembhi, and John P. Burrows
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 793–815, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-793-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-793-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Height-resolved limb radiance spectra of the satellite instrument SCIAMACHY are used to retrieve cloud top heights with a colour index method. Clouds are detectable from the lower to the uppermost troposphere. These cloud heights help to improve the trace gas retrieval for the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Comparisons with other data sets have shown good agreement. As clouds and aerosols are not distinguishable, lower stratospheric volcanic aerosol clouds are detected in some years.
M. P. Langowski, C. von Savigny, J. P. Burrows, V. V. Rozanov, T. Dunker, U.-P. Hoppe, M. Sinnhuber, and A. C. Aikin
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 295–311, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-295-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-295-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
An algorithm has been developed for the retrieval of sodium atom (Na) number density on a latitude and altitude grid from SCIAMACHY limb measurements of the Na resonance fluorescence (multiannual means 2008–2012). The Na layer peaks at 90 to 93 km altitude and has a FWHM of 5 to 15 km. A summer minimum in peak density and width is observed at high latitudes. At low latitudes, a semiannual oscillation is found. The results are compared with other measurements and models and agree well with these.
F. Ebojie, J. P. Burrows, C. Gebhardt, A. Ladstätter-Weißenmayer, C. von Savigny, A. Rozanov, M. Weber, and H. Bovensmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 417–436, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-417-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-417-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The goal of this study is to determine the global and zonal changes in the tropospheric ozone data product derived from SCIAMACHY limb-nadir-matching (LNM) observations during the period 2003–2011.
Tropospheric O3 shows statistically significant increases over some regions of South Asia, the South American continent, Alaska, around Congo in Africa and over some continental outflows. Significant decrease in TOC is observed over some continents and oceans.
F. T. Huang, H. G. Mayr, J. M. Russell III, and M. G. Mlynczak
Ann. Geophys., 34, 29–40, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-29-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-29-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Satellite data over the 11-year solar cycle from 2002 to 2014 show that the response of atmospheric temperatures are in phase with the sun's activity from 50 to 100 km. The ozone variations are also in phase with those of temperature between ~ 80 and 100 km but are mostly out of phase between ~ 50 and 80 km. This is consistent with the idea that dynamics are more in control from 80 to 100 km, while ozone photochemistry is more in control from ~ 50 to 80 km.
C. von Savigny, F. Ernst, A. Rozanov, R. Hommel, K.-U. Eichmann, V. Rozanov, J. P. Burrows, and L. W. Thomason
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 5223–5235, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-5223-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-5223-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This article presents validation results for stratospheric aerosol extinction profiles retrieved from limb-scatter measurements with the SCIAMACHY instrument on the Envisat satellite. The SCIAMACHY retrievals are compared to co-located measurements with the SAGE II instrument. Very good agreement to within about 15% is found in a global average sense at altitudes above 15 km. The article also presents sample results on the global morphology of the stratospheric aerosol layer from 2003 to 2011.
K. Karami, P. Braesicke, M. Kunze, U. Langematz, M. Sinnhuber, and S. Versick
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-33283-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-33283-2015, 2015
Revised manuscript has not been submitted
S. Bender, M. Sinnhuber, T. von Clarmann, G. Stiller, B. Funke, M. López-Puertas, J. Urban, K. Pérot, K. A. Walker, and J. P. Burrows
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 4171–4195, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-4171-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-4171-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We compare the nitric oxide (NO) daily zonal mean number density data sets in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT, 60km to 150km) from four instruments: ACE-FTS (2004--2010), MIPAS (2005--2012), SCIAMACHY (2008--2012), and SMR (2003--2012). We find that these data sets from different instruments consistently constrain NO in the MLT. Thus, they offer reliable forcing inputs for climate and chemistry climate models as an initial step to include solar and geomagnetic activity.
T. Fytterer, M. G. Mlynczak, H. Nieder, K. Pérot, M. Sinnhuber, G. Stiller, and J. Urban
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 3327–3338, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-3327-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-3327-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Energetic particles from the sun produce NOx (=N+NO+NO2) in the mesosphere/lower thermosphere. The NOx can be transported downward in the stratosphere during polar winter where NOx eventually depletes O3. This entire chain is the so-called energetic particle precipitation (EPP) indirect effect.
Here we show downward propagating negative stratospheric O3 anomalies during Antarctic polar winter. The O3 anomalies are caused by geomagnetic activity and show strong hints of the EPP indirect effect.
O. Lednyts'kyy, C. von Savigny, K.-U. Eichmann, and M. G. Mlynczak
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 1021–1041, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-1021-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-1021-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This paper deals with the retrieval of atomic oxygen concentration profiles in the Earth's upper mesosphere/lower thermosphere region from SCIAMACHY observations of oxygen green line airglow emissions. Atomic oxygen is one of the most important chemical constituents of this atmospheric region, and long-term satellite data sets are rare. The paper includes a detailed description of the retrieval algorithm, an error budget, validation results and some first scientific analyses.
M. P. Langowski, C. von Savigny, J. P. Burrows, W. Feng, J. M. C. Plane, D. R. Marsh, D. Janches, M. Sinnhuber, A. C. Aikin, and P. Liebing
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 273–295, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-273-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-273-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Global concentration fields of Mg and Mg+ in the Earth's upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere (70-150km) are presented. These are retrieved from SCIAMACHY/Envisat satellite grating spectrometer measurements in limb viewing geometry between 2008 and 2012.
These were compared with WACCM-Mg model results and a large fraction of the available measurement results for these species, and an interpretation of the results is done. The variation of these species during NLC presence is discussed.
S. Kowalewski, C. von Savigny, M. Palm, I. C. McDade, and J. Notholt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 10193–10210, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-10193-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-10193-2014, 2014
M. Sinnhuber, B. Funke, T. von Clarmann, M. Lopez-Puertas, G. P. Stiller, and A. Seppälä
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 7681–7692, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-7681-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-7681-2014, 2014
F. Ebojie, C. von Savigny, A. Ladstätter-Weißenmayer, A. Rozanov, M. Weber, K.-U. Eichmann, S. Bötel, N. Rahpoe, H. Bovensmann, and J. P. Burrows
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 2073–2096, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-2073-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-2073-2014, 2014
B. Hassler, I. Petropavlovskikh, J. Staehelin, T. August, P. K. Bhartia, C. Clerbaux, D. Degenstein, M. De Mazière, B. M. Dinelli, A. Dudhia, G. Dufour, S. M. Frith, L. Froidevaux, S. Godin-Beekmann, J. Granville, N. R. P. Harris, K. Hoppel, D. Hubert, Y. Kasai, M. J. Kurylo, E. Kyrölä, J.-C. Lambert, P. F. Levelt, C. T. McElroy, R. D. McPeters, R. Munro, H. Nakajima, A. Parrish, P. Raspollini, E. E. Remsberg, K. H. Rosenlof, A. Rozanov, T. Sano, Y. Sasano, M. Shiotani, H. G. J. Smit, G. Stiller, J. Tamminen, D. W. Tarasick, J. Urban, R. J. van der A, J. P. Veefkind, C. Vigouroux, T. von Clarmann, C. von Savigny, K. A. Walker, M. Weber, J. Wild, and J. M. Zawodny
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 1395–1427, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-1395-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-1395-2014, 2014
F. Friederich, M. Sinnhuber, B. Funke, T. von Clarmann, and J. Orphal
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 4055–4064, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-4055-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-4055-2014, 2014
R. Hommel, K.-U. Eichmann, J. Aschmann, K. Bramstedt, M. Weber, C. von Savigny, A. Richter, A. Rozanov, F. Wittrock, F. Khosrawi, R. Bauer, and J. P. Burrows
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 3247–3276, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-3247-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-3247-2014, 2014
M. Langowski, M. Sinnhuber, A. C. Aikin, C. von Savigny, and J. P. Burrows
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 29–48, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-29-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-29-2014, 2014
N. Rahpoe, C. von Savigny, M. Weber, A.V. Rozanov, H. Bovensmann, and J. P. Burrows
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 6, 2825–2837, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-2825-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-2825-2013, 2013
S. Bender, M. Sinnhuber, J. P. Burrows, M. Langowski, B. Funke, and M. López-Puertas
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 6, 2521–2531, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-2521-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-2521-2013, 2013
F. Friederich, T. von Clarmann, B. Funke, H. Nieder, J. Orphal, M. Sinnhuber, G. P. Stiller, and J. M. Wissing
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 2531–2539, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-2531-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-2531-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Gases | Research Activity: Atmospheric Modelling and Data Analysis | Altitude Range: Mesosphere | Science Focus: Chemistry (chemical composition and reactions)
Global and regional chemical influence of sprites: reconciling modelling results and measurements
Boundary of nighttime ozone chemical equilibrium in the mesopause region: long-term evolution determined using 20-year satellite observations
Reaction dynamics of P(4S) + O2(X3Σ−g) → O(3P) + PO(X2Π) on a global CHIPR potential energy surface of PO2(X2A1): implications for atmospheric modelling
Exceptional middle latitude electron precipitation detected by balloon observations: implications for atmospheric composition
Model simulations of chemical effects of sprites in relation with observed HO2 enhancements over sprite-producing thunderstorms
The response of mesospheric H2O and CO to solar irradiance variability in models and observations
Statistical response of middle atmosphere composition to solar proton events in WACCM-D simulations: the importance of lower ionospheric chemistry
Photochemistry on the bottom side of the mesospheric Na layer
A new model of meteoric calcium in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere
Technical note: Evaluation of the simultaneous measurements of mesospheric OH, HO2, and O3 under a photochemical equilibrium assumption – a statistical approach
NOy production, ozone loss and changes in net radiative heating due to energetic particle precipitation in 2002–2010
HEPPA-II model–measurement intercomparison project: EPP indirect effects during the dynamically perturbed NH winter 2008–2009
Atmospheric lifetimes, infrared absorption spectra, radiative forcings and global warming potentials of NF3 and CF3CF2Cl (CFC-115)
A semi-empirical model for mesospheric and stratospheric NOy produced by energetic particle precipitation
Middle atmospheric changes caused by the January and March 2012 solar proton events
Implications of the O + OH reaction in hydroxyl nightglow modeling
Northern Hemisphere atmospheric influence of the solar proton events and ground level enhancement in January 2005
Do vibrationally excited OH molecules affect middle and upper atmospheric chemistry?
Implementation and testing of a simple data assimilation algorithm in the regional air pollution forecast model, DEOM
Francisco J. Pérez-Invernón, Francisco J. Gordillo-Vázquez, Alejandro Malagón-Romero, and Patrick Jöckel
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3577–3592, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3577-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3577-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Sprites are electrical discharges that occur in the upper atmosphere. Recent modelling and observational data suggest that they may have a measurable impact on atmospheric chemistry. We incorporate both the occurrence rate of sprites and their production of chemical species into a chemistry–climate model. While our results indicate that sprites have a minimal global influence on atmospheric chemistry, they underscore their noteworthy importance at a regional scale.
Mikhail Yu. Kulikov, Mikhail V. Belikovich, Aleksey G. Chubarov, Svetlana O. Dementyeva, and Alexander M. Feigin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14593–14608, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14593-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14593-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, the recently developed analytical criterion for determining the boundary of nighttime ozone chemical equilibrium (NOCE) in the mesopause region (80–90 km) is used (i) to study the connection of this boundary with O and H spatiotemporal variability based on 3D modeling of chemical transport and (ii) to retrieve and analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of the NOCE boundary in 2002–2021 from the SABER/TIMED data set.
Guangan Chen, Zhi Qin, Ximing Li, and Linhua Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10643–10659, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10643-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10643-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We provided an accurate potential energy surface of PO2(X2A1), which can be used for the molecular simulations of the reactive or non-reactive collisions and photodissociation of PO2 in atmospheres. It can also be a reliable component for constructing other larger molecular systems containing PO2. The reaction probability, integral cross sections, and rate constants for P(4S) + O2(X3Σ−) → O(3P) + PO((X2Π) are calculated, which might be useful for modelling the P chemistry in atmospheres.
Irina Mironova, Miriam Sinnhuber, Galina Bazilevskaya, Mark Clilverd, Bernd Funke, Vladimir Makhmutov, Eugene Rozanov, Michelle L. Santee, Timofei Sukhodolov, and Thomas Ulich
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6703–6716, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6703-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6703-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
From balloon measurements, we detected unprecedented, extremely powerful, electron precipitation over the middle latitudes. The robustness of this event is confirmed by satellite observations of electron fluxes and chemical composition, as well as by ground-based observations of the radio signal propagation. The applied chemistry–climate model shows the almost complete destruction of ozone in the mesosphere over the region where high-energy electrons were observed.
Holger Winkler, Takayoshi Yamada, Yasuko Kasai, Uwe Berger, and Justus Notholt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 7579–7596, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7579-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7579-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Sprites are electrical discharges above thunderstorms. We performed model simulations of the chemical processes in sprites to compare them with measurements of chemical perturbations above sprite-producing thunderstorms.
Arseniy Karagodin-Doyennel, Eugene Rozanov, Ales Kuchar, William Ball, Pavle Arsenovic, Ellis Remsberg, Patrick Jöckel, Markus Kunze, David A. Plummer, Andrea Stenke, Daniel Marsh, Doug Kinnison, and Thomas Peter
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 201–216, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-201-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-201-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The solar signal in the mesospheric H2O and CO was extracted from the CCMI-1 model simulations and satellite observations using multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis. MLR analysis shows a pronounced and statistically robust solar signal in both H2O and CO. The model results show a general agreement with observations reproducing a negative/positive solar signal in H2O/CO. The pattern of the solar signal varies among the considered models, reflecting some differences in the model setup.
Niilo Kalakoski, Pekka T. Verronen, Annika Seppälä, Monika E. Szeląg, Antti Kero, and Daniel R. Marsh
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 8923–8938, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-8923-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-8923-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Effects of solar proton events (SPEs) on middle atmosphere chemistry were studied using the WACCM-D chemistry–climate model, including an improved representation of lower ionosphere ion chemistry. This study includes 66 events in the years 1989–2012 and uses a statistical approach to determine the impact of the improved chemistry scheme. The differences shown highlight the importance of ion chemistry in models used to study energetic particle precipitation.
Tao Yuan, Wuhu Feng, John M. C. Plane, and Daniel R. Marsh
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 3769–3777, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3769-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3769-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The Na layer in the upper atmosphere is very sensitive to solar radiation and varies considerably during sunrise and sunset. In this paper, we use the lidar observations and an advanced model to investigate this process. We found that the variation is mostly due to the changes in several photochemical reactions involving Na compounds, especially NaHCO3. We also reveal that the Fe layer in the same region changes more quickly than the Na layer due to a faster reaction rate of FeOH to sunlight.
John M. C. Plane, Wuhu Feng, Juan Carlos Gómez Martín, Michael Gerding, and Shikha Raizada
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 14799–14811, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-14799-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-14799-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Meteoric ablation creates layers of metal atoms in the atmosphere around 90 km. Although Ca and Na have similar elemental abundances in most minerals found in the solar system, surprisingly the Ca abundance in the atmosphere is less than 1 % that of Na. This study uses a detailed chemistry model of Ca, largely based on laboratory kinetics measurements, in a whole-atmosphere model to show that the depletion is caused by inefficient ablation of Ca and the formation of stable molecular reservoirs.
Mikhail Y. Kulikov, Anton A. Nechaev, Mikhail V. Belikovich, Tatiana S. Ermakova, and Alexander M. Feigin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 7453–7471, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-7453-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-7453-2018, 2018
Miriam Sinnhuber, Uwe Berger, Bernd Funke, Holger Nieder, Thomas Reddmann, Gabriele Stiller, Stefan Versick, Thomas von Clarmann, and Jan Maik Wissing
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 1115–1147, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-1115-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-1115-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Results from global models are used to analyze the impact of energetic particle precipitation on the middle atmosphere (10–80 km). Model results agree well with observations, and show strong enhancements of NOy, long-lasting ozone loss, and a net heating in the uppermost stratosphere (~35–45 km) during polar winter which changes sign in spring. Energetic particle precipitation therefore has the potential to impact atmospheric dynamics, starting from a warmer winter-time upper stratosphere.
Bernd Funke, William Ball, Stefan Bender, Angela Gardini, V. Lynn Harvey, Alyn Lambert, Manuel López-Puertas, Daniel R. Marsh, Katharina Meraner, Holger Nieder, Sanna-Mari Päivärinta, Kristell Pérot, Cora E. Randall, Thomas Reddmann, Eugene Rozanov, Hauke Schmidt, Annika Seppälä, Miriam Sinnhuber, Timofei Sukhodolov, Gabriele P. Stiller, Natalia D. Tsvetkova, Pekka T. Verronen, Stefan Versick, Thomas von Clarmann, Kaley A. Walker, and Vladimir Yushkov
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 3573–3604, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-3573-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-3573-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Simulations from eight atmospheric models have been compared to tracer and temperature observations from seven satellite instruments in order to evaluate the energetic particle indirect effect (EPP IE) during the perturbed northern hemispheric (NH) winter 2008/2009. Models are capable to reproduce the EPP IE in dynamically and geomagnetically quiescent NH winter conditions. The results emphasize the need for model improvements in the dynamical representation of elevated stratopause events.
Anna Totterdill, Tamás Kovács, Wuhu Feng, Sandip Dhomse, Christopher J. Smith, Juan Carlos Gómez-Martín, Martyn P. Chipperfield, Piers M. Forster, and John M. C. Plane
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 11451–11463, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11451-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11451-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we have experimentally determined the infrared absorption cross sections of NF3 and CFC-115, calculated the radiative forcing and efficiency using two radiative transfer models and identified the effect of clouds and stratospheric adjustment. We have also determined their atmospheric lifetimes using the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model.
Bernd Funke, Manuel López-Puertas, Gabriele P. Stiller, Stefan Versick, and Thomas von Clarmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 8667–8693, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8667-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8667-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We present a semi-empirical model for the reconstruction of polar winter descent of reactive nitrogen (NOy) produced by energetic particle precipitation (EPP) into the stratosphere. It can be used to prescribe NOy in chemistry climate models with an upper lid below the EPP source region. We also found a significant reduction of the EPP-generated NOy during the last 30 years, likely affecting the long-term NOy trend by counteracting the expected increase caused by growing N2O emission.
C. H. Jackman, C. E. Randall, V. L. Harvey, S. Wang, E. L. Fleming, M. López-Puertas, B. Funke, and P. F. Bernath
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1025–1038, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1025-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1025-2014, 2014
P. J. S. B. Caridade, J.-Z. J. Horta, and A. J. C. Varandas
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-1-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-1-2013, 2013
C. H. Jackman, D. R. Marsh, F. M. Vitt, R. G. Roble, C. E. Randall, P. F. Bernath, B. Funke, M. López-Puertas, S. Versick, G. P. Stiller, A. J. Tylka, and E. L. Fleming
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 6153–6166, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-6153-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-6153-2011, 2011
T. von Clarmann, F. Hase, B. Funke, M. López-Puertas, J. Orphal, M. Sinnhuber, G. P. Stiller, and H. Winkler
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 9953–9964, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-9953-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-9953-2010, 2010
J. Frydendall, J. Brandt, and J. H. Christensen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 5475–5488, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-5475-2009, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-5475-2009, 2009
Cited articles
Adler-Golden, S.: Kinetic parameters for OH nightglow modeling consistent
with recent laboratory measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 19969–19976,
https://doi.org/10.1029/97JA01622, 1997.
Adrews, D. G., Holton, J. R., and Leovy, C. B. (Eds.): Middle Atmosphere
Dynamics, Academic Press, Orlando, USA, 1987.
Anlauf, K. G., MacDonald, R. G., and Polanyi, J. C.: Infrared
chemiluminescence from H+O3 at low pressure, Chem. Phys. Lett, 1,
619–622, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(68)80097-1, 1968.
Bovensmann, H., Burrows, J. P., Buchwitz, M., Frerick, J., Noël, S.,
Rozanov, V. V., Chance, K. V., and Goede, A. P. H.: SCIAMACHY: Mission
objectives and measurement modes, J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 127–150,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1999)056<0127:SMOAMM>2.0.CO;2,
1999.
Bramstedt, K., Noël, S., Bovensmann, H., Gottwald, M., and Burrows, J.
P.: Precise pointing knowledge for SCIAMACHY solar occultation measurements,
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 5, 2867–2880, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-5-2867-2012,
2012.
Brooke, J. S. A., Bernath, P. F., Western, C. M., Sneden, C., Afsar, M., Li,
G., and Gordon, I. E.: Line strengths of rovibrational and rotational
transitions in the X2Π ground state of OH, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Ra.,
168, 142–157, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2015.07.021, 2016.
Burkholder, J. B., Sander, S. P., Abbatt, J., Barker, J. R., Huie, R. E.,
Kolb, C. E., Kurylo, M. J., Orkin, V. L., Wilmouth, D. M., and Wine, P. H.:
Chemical Kinetics and Photochemical Data for Use in Atmospheric Studies,
Evaluation No. 18, JPL Publication 15–10, Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
Pasadena, available at: http://jpldataeval.jpl.nasa.gov (last access:
16 August 2016), 2015.
Burtt, K. D. and Sharma, R. D.: Near-resonant energy transfer from highly
vibrationally excited OH to N2, J. Chem. Phys., 128,
1243111–1243118, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2884343, 2008.
Caridade, P. J. S. B., Sabin, J., Garridoz, J. D., and Varandas, A. J. C.:
Dynamics of OH+O2 vibrational relaxation processes, Phys. Chem.
Chem. Phys., 4, 4959–4969, https://doi.org/10.1039/b203101a, 2002.
Caridade, P. J. S. B., Horta, J.-Z. J., and Varandas, A. J. C.: Implications
of the O+OH reaction in hydroxyl nightglow modeling, Atmos. Chem. Phys.,
13, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-1-2013, 2013.
Chalamala, B. R. and Copeland, R. A.: Collision dynamics of OH(X2Π,
v=9), J. Chem. Phys., 99, 5807–5811, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.465932, 1993.
Charters, P. E., Macdonald, R. G., and Polanyi, J. C.: Formation of
vibrationally excited OH by the reaction H+O3, Appl. Optics, 10,
1747–1754, https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.10.001747, 1971.
Dodd, J. A., Lipson, S. J., and Blumberg, W. A. M.: Formation and vibrational
relaxation of OH(X2Πi, v) by O2 and CO2, J.
Chem. Phys., 95, 5752–5762, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.461597, 1991.
Dyer, M. J., Knutsen, K., and Copeland, R. A.: Energy transfer in the ground
state of OH: Measurements of OH(
Finlayson-Pitts, B. J. and Kleindienst, T. E.: The reaction of hydrogen atoms
with ozone as a source of vibrationally excited OH(X2Πi)v=9 for
kinetic studies, J. Chem. Phys., 74, 5643–5658, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.440928, 1981.
García-Comas, M., López-Puertas, M., Marshall, B. T., Wintersteiner,
P. P., Funke, B., Bermejo-Pantaleón, D., Mertens, C. J., Remsberg, E. E.,
Gordley, L. L., Mlynczak, M. G., and Russell III, J. M.: Errors in Sounding
of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) kinetic
temperature caused by non-local-thermodynamic-equilibrium model parameters,
J. Geophys. Res., 113, D24106, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD010105, 2008.
Good, R. E.: Determination of atomic oxygen density from rocket borne
measurements of hydroxyl airglow, Planet. Space Sci., 24, 389–395,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(76)90052-0, 1976.
Gottwald, M., Krieg, E., von Savigny, C., Noël, S., Bovensmann, H., and
Bramstedt, K.: Determination of SCIAMACHY Line of Sight Misalignments,
Proceedings of the Envisat Atmospheric Science Conference, ESA SP-636,
Montreux, Switzerland, 23–27 April 2007.
Grygalashvyly, M., Sonnemann, G. R., Lübken, F.-J., Hartogh, P., and
Berger, U.: Hydroxyl layer: Mean state and trends at midlatitudes, J.
Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 119, 12391–12419, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD022094, 2014.
Howell, C. D., Michelangeli, D. V., Allen, M., Yung, Y. L., and Thomas, R.
J.: SME observations of O2(1Δg) nightglow: An
assessment of the chemical production mechanisms, Planet. Space Sci., 38,
529–537, https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(90)90145-G, 1990.
Kalogerakis, K. S., Smith, G. P., and Copeland, R. A.: Collisional removal of
OH(X2Π, v=9) by O, O2, O3, N2, and
CO2, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D20307, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD015734, 2011.
Kalogerakis, K. S., Matsiev, D., Sharma, R. D., and Wintersteiner, P. P.:
Resolving the mesospheric nighttime 4.3 µm emission puzzle:
Laboratory demonstration of new mechanism for OH(υ) relaxation,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, 8835–8843, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL069645, 2016.
Kaufmann, M., Lehmann, C., Hoffmann, L., Funke, B., Lopez-Puertas, M., von
Savigny, C., and Riese, M.: Chemical heating rates derived from SCIAMACHY
vibrationally excited OH limb emission spectra, Adv. Space Res., 41,
1914–1920, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2007.07.045, 2008.
Klenerman, D. and Smith, I. W. M.: Infrared chemiluminescence studies using a
SISAM spectrometer, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans., 2, 83, 229–241, https://doi.org/10.1039/F29878300229, 1987.
Knutsen, K., Dyer, M. J., and Copeland, R. A.: Collisional removal of
OH(X2Π), v=7) by O2, N2, CO2, and
N2O, J. Chem. Phys., 104, 5798–5802, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.471311, 1996.
Kulikov, M. Y., Belikovich, M. V., Grygalashvyly, M., Sonnemann, G. R.,
Ermakova, T. S., Nechaev, A. A., and Feigin, A. M.: Nighttime ozone chemical
equilibrium in the mesopause region, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 123, 1–15,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD026717, 2018.
Lacoursiere, J., Dyer, M. J., and Copeland, R. A.: Temperature dependence of
the collisional energy transfer of OH(ν=10) between 220 and 310 K, J.
Chem. Phys., 118, 1661–1667, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1530581, 2003.
López-Puertas, M., García-Comas, M., Funke, B., Picard, R. H.,
Winick, J. R., Wintersteiner, P. P., Mlynczak, M. G., Mertens, C. J., Russell
III, J. M., and Gordley, L. L.: Evidence for an OH(ν) excitation
mechanism of CO2 4.3 µm nighttime emission from
SABER/TIMED measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D09307,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD004383, 2004.
López-Puertas, M., García-Comas, M., Funke, B., Gardini, A., Stiller,
G. P., von Clarmann, T., Glatthor, N., Laeng, A., Kaufmann, M., Sofieva, V.
F., Froidevaux, L., Walker, K. A., and Shiotani, M.: MIPAS observations of
ozone in the middle atmosphere, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 2187–2212,
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-2187-2018, 2018.
Meinel, A. B.: OH Emission Bands in the Spectrum of the Night Sky. II,
Astrophys. J., 112, 120–130, https://doi.org/10.1086/145321, 1950.
Mlynczak, M. G. and Solomon, S.: A detailed evaluation of the heating
efficiency in the middle atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 10517–10541,
https://doi.org/10.1029/93JD00315, 1993.
Mlynczak, M. G., Martin-Torres, F. J., Johnson, D. G., Kratz, D. P., Traub,
W. A., and Jucks, K.: Observations of the O(3P) fine structure line
at 63 mm in the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere, J. Geophys. Res.,
109, A12306, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JA010595, 2004.
Mlynczak, M. G., Martin-Torres, F. J., Crowley, G., Kratz, D. P., Funke, B.,
Lu, G., Lopez-Puertas, M., Russell III, J. M., Kozyra, J., Mertens, C.,
Sharma, R., Gordley, L., Picard, R., Winick, J., and Paxton, L.: Energy
transport in the thermosphere during the solar storms of April 2002, J.
Geophys. Res., 110, A12S25, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JA011141, 2005.
Mlynczak, M. G., Hunt, L. A., Mast, J. C., Marshall, B. T., Russell III, J.
M., Smith, A. K., Siskind, D. E., Yee, J.-H., Mertens, C. J., Martin-Torres,
F. J., Thompson, R. E., Drob, D. P., and Gordley L. L.: Atomic oxygen in the
mesosphere and lower thermosphere derived from SABER: Algorithm theoretical
basis and measurement uncertainty, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 5724–5735,
https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50401, 2013a.
Mlynczak, M. G., Hunt, L. H., Mertens, C. J., Marshall, B. T., Russell III,
J. M., López-Puertas, M., Smith, A. K., Siskind, D. E., Mast, J. C.,
Thompson, R. E., and Gordley, L. L.: Radiative constraints on the global
annual mean atomic oxygen concentration in the mesopause region, J. Geophys.,
Res.-Atmos., 118, 5796–5802, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50400, 2013b.
Mlynczak, M. G., Hunt, L. A., Marshall, B. T., Mertens, C. J., Marsh, D. R.,
Smith, A. K., Russell III, J. M., Siskind, D. E., and Gordley, L. L.: Atomic
hydrogen in the mesopause region derived from SABER: Algorithm theoretical
basis, measurement uncertainty, and results, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 119,
3516–3526, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JD021263, 2014.
Mlynczak, M. G., Hunt, L. A., Russell III, J. M., and Marshall, B. T.:
Updated SABER Night Atomic Oxygen and Implications for SABER Ozone and Atomic
Hydrogen, Geophys. Res. Lett., 45, 5735–5741, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL077377,
2018.
Murtagh, D. P., Witt, G., Stegman, J., McDade, J. C., Llewellyn, E. J.,
Harris, F., and Greer, R. G. H.: An assessment of proposed O(1S)
and O2(
Nelson Jr., D. D., Schiffman, A., Nesbitt, D. J., Orlando, J. J., and
Burkholder, J. B.: H+O3 Fourier-transform infrared emission and
laser absorption sudies of OH(X2Π) radical: An experimental dipole
moment function and state-to-state Einstein A coefficients, J. Chem. Phys.,
93, 7003–7019, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.459476, 1990.
Ohoyama, H., Kasai, T., Yoshimura, Y., Kimura, H., and Kuwata, K.: Initial
distribution of vibration of the OH radicals produced in the
H+O3→OH(
Panka, P. A., Kutepov, A. A., Kalogerakis, K. S., Janches, D., Russell, J.
M., Rezac, L., Feofilov, A. G., Mlynczak, M. G., and Yigit, E.: Resolving the
mesospheric nighttime 4.3 µm emission puzzle: comparison of the
CO2(ν3) and OH(ν) emission models, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17,
9751–9760, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-9751-2017, 2017.
Panka, P. A., Kutepov, A. A., Rezac, L., Kalogerakis, K. S., Feolilov, A. G.,
Marsh, D., Janches, D., and Yigit, E.: Atomic Oxygen Retrieved From the SABER
2.0- and 1.6-µm Radiances Using New First-Principles Nighttime
OH(v) Model, Geophys. Res. Lett., 45, 5798–5803, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL077677,
2018.
Rensberger, K. J., Jeffries, J. B., and Crosley, D. R.: Vibrational
relaxation of OH(X2Πi, v=2), J. Chem. Phys., 90, 2174–2181,
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.456671, 1989.
Rothman, L. S., Gordon, I. E., Barbe, A., Benner, D. C., Bernath, P. F.,
Birk, M., Boudon, V., Brown, L. R., Campargue, A., Champion, J.-P., Chance,
K., Coudert, L. H., Danaj, V., Devi, V. M., Fally, S., Flaud, J.-M., Gamache,
R. R., Goldmanm, A., Jacquemart, D., Kleiner, I., Lacome, N., Lafferty, W.
J., Mandin, J.-Y., Massie, S. T., Mikhailenko, S. N., Miller, C. E.,
Moazzen-Ahmadi, N., Naumenko, O. V., Nikitin, A. V., Orphal, J., Perevalov,
V. I., Perrin, A., Predoi-Cross, A., Rinsland, C. P., Rotger, M., Simeckova,
M., Smith, M. A. H., Sung, K., Tashkun, S. A., Tennyson, J., Toth, R. A.,
Vandaele, A. C., and Vander Auwera, J.: The HITRAN 2008 molecular
spectroscopic database, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Ra., 110, 533–572,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2009.02.013, 2009.
Russell, J. P. and Lowe, R. P.: Atomic oxygen profiles (80–94 km) derived
from Wind Imaging Interferometer/Upper Atmospheric Research Satellite
measurements of the hydroxyl airglow: 1. Validation of technique, J. Geophys.
Res., 108, 4662, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD003454, 2003.
Russell III, J. M., Mlynczak, M. G., Gordley, L. L., Tansock, J., and Esplin,
R.: An overview of the SABER experiment and preliminary calibration results,
in Proceedings of the 44th Annual Meeting, Denver, Colorado, 18–23 July,
3756, 277–288, SPIE, Bellingham, WA, 1999.
Russell, J. P., Ward, W. E., Lowe, R. P., Roble, R. G., Shepherd, G. G., and
Solheim, B.: Atomic oxygen profiles (80 to 115 km) derived from Wind Imaging
Interferometer/Upper Atmospheric Research Satellite measurements of the
hydroxyl and greenline airglow: Local time–latitude dependence, J. Geophys.
Res., 110, D15305, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD005570, 2005.
Sander, R., Baumgaertner, A., Gromov, S., Harder, H., Jöckel, P., Kerkweg,
A., Kubistin, D., Regelin, E., Riede, H., Sandu, A., Taraborrelli, D., Tost,
H., and Xie, Z.-Q.: The atmospheric chemistry box model CAABA/MECCA-3.0,
Geosci. Model Dev., 4, 373–380, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-4-373-2011,
2011.
Shalashilin, D. V., Umanskii, S. Y., and Gershenzon, Y. M.: Dynamics of
vibrational energy exchange in collisions of OH and OD radicals with
N2, Application to the kinetics of OH-vibrational deactivation in
the upper atmosphere, Chem. Phys., 168, 315–325,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-0104(92)87165-6, 1992.
Shalashilin, D. V., Michtchenko, A. V., Umanskii, S. Y., and Gershenzon, Y.
M.: Simulation of Effective Vibrational-Translational Energy Exchange in
Collisions of Vibrationally Excited OH with O2 on the Model
Potential Energy Surface. Can the Relaxation of OH(ν) Be One-Quantum for
Low and Multiquantum for High v?, J. Phys., Chem.-US, 99, 11627–11635,
https://doi.org/10.1021/j100030a001, 1995.
Sharma, R. D., Wintersteiner, P. P., and Kalogerakis, K. S.: A new mechanism
for OH vibrational relaxation leading to enhanced CO2 emissions in
the nocturnal mesosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 4639–4647,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL063724, 2015.
Sharp, W. E. and Kita, D.: In situ measurement of atomic hydrogen in the
upper mesosphere, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 92, 4319–4324,
https://doi.org/10.1029/JD092iD04p04319, 1987.
Smith, A. K., Marsh, D. R., Mlynczak, M. G., and Mast, J. C.: Temporal
variation of atomic oxygen in the upper mesosphere from SABER, J. Geophys.
Res., 115, D18309, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD013434, 2010.
Smith, A. K., Harvey, V. L., Mlynczak, M. G., Funke, B., García-Comas,
M., Hervig, M., Kaufmann, M., Kyrölä, E., López-Puertas, M.,
McDade, I., Randall, C. E., Rusell III, J. M., Sheese, P. E., Shiotani, M.,
Skinner, W. R., Suzuki, M., and Walker, K. A.: Satellite observations of
ozone in the upper mesosphere, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 5803–5821,
https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50445, 2013.
Streit, G. E. and Johnston, H. S.: Reactions and quenching of vibrationally
excited hydroxyl radicals, J. Chem. Phys., 64, 95–103, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.431917,
1976.
Thiebaud, J. E., Copeland, R. A., and Kalogerakis, K. S.: Vibrational
relaxation of OH(ν=7) with O, O2 and H, Abstract SA43A-1752,
Fall Meeting, AGU, San Francisco, Calif., 2010.
Turnbull, D. N. and Lowe, R. P.: New hydroxyl transition probabilities and
their importance in airglow studies, Planet. Space Sci., 37, 723–738,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(89)90042-1, 1989.
Van der Loo, M. P. J. and Groenenboom, G. C.: Theoretical transition
probabilities for the OH Meinel system, J. Chem. Phys., 126, 114413,
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2646859, 2007.
Varandas, A. J. C.: Reactive and non-reactive vibrational quenching in O+OH
collisions, Chem. Phys. Lett., 396, 182–190,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2004.08.023, 2004.
Von Savigny, C. and Lednyts'kyy, O.: On the relationship between atomic
oxygen and vertical shifts between OH Meinel bands originating from different
vibrational levels, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 5821–5825,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL058017, 2013.
von Savigny, C., McDade, I. C., Eichmann, K.-U., and Burrows, J. P.: On the
dependence of the OH* Meinel emission altitude on vibrational level:
SCIAMACHY observations and model simulations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12,
8813–8828, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-8813-2012, 2012.
Xu, J., Gao, H., Smith, A. K., and Zhu, Y.: Using TIMED/SABER nightglow
observations to investigate hydroxyl emission mechanisms in the mesopause
region, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D02301, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016342, 2012.
Zhu, Y. and Kaufmann, M.: Atomic oxygen abundance retrieved from SCIAMACHY
hydroxyl nightglow measurements, Geophys. Res. Lett., 45, 1–9,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL079259, 2018.
Short summary
A model was developed to derive night-time atomic oxygen (O(3P)) and atomic hydrogen (H) from satellite observations in the altitude region between 75 km and 100 km. Comparisons between the
best-fit modeland the measurements suggest that chemical reactions involving O2 and O(3P) might occur differently than is usually assumed in literature. This considerably affects the derived abundances of O(3P) and H, which in turn might influence air temperature and winds of the whole atmosphere.
A model was developed to derive night-time atomic oxygen (O(3P)) and atomic hydrogen (H) from...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint