Articles | Volume 19, issue 17
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-11043-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-11043-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
02 Sep 2019
Research article |
| 02 Sep 2019
| 02 Sep 2019
Wet deposition of inorganic ions in 320 cities across China: spatio-temporal variation, source apportionment, and dominant factors
Rui Li
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
Lulu Cui
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
Yilong Zhao
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
Ziyu Zhang
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
Tianming Sun
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
Junlin Li
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
Wenhui Zhou
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
Ya Meng
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
Kan Huang
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
Hongbo Fu
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Related authors
Rui Li, Yilong Zhao, Wenhui Zhou, Ya Meng, Ziyu Zhang, and Hongbo Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 6159–6175, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-6159-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-6159-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The Tibetan Plateau lacks ground-level O3 observation due to its unique geographical environment. It is imperative to employ modelling methods to simulate the O3 level. The present study proposed a novel technique for estimating the surface O3 level in remote regions. The result captured long-term O3 concentration on the Tibetan Plateau, which was beneficial for assessing the effects of O3 on climate change and ecosystem safety, especially in a vulnerable area of the ecological environment.
Rui Li, Yunjie Hu, Ling Li, Hongbo Fu, and Jianmin Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 5079–5093, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-5079-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-5079-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Five episodes were divided based on meteorological conditions and chemical composition. The clear episodes (EP-2 and EP-4) featured low light extinction with fewer pollutants, which are mostly externally mixed. In contrast, EP-1 and EP-5 were impacted by the industrial activities and biomass burning through the southern air mass, respectively. Soot at the fog period detected in EP-3 was mostly internally mixed with sulfates and nitrates.
Da Lu, Hao Li, Mengke Tian, Guochen Wang, Xiaofei Qin, Na Zhao, Juntao Huo, Fan Yang, Yanfen Lin, Jia Chen, Qingyan Fu, Yusen Duan, Xinyi Dong, Congrui Deng, Sabur F. Abdullaev, and Kan Huang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13853–13868, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13853-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13853-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Environmental conditions during dust are usually not favorable for secondary aerosol formation. However in this study, an unusual dust event was captured in a Chinese mega-city and showed “anomalous” meteorology and a special dust backflow transport pathway. The underlying formation mechanisms of secondary aerosols are probed in the context of this special dust event. This study shows significant implications for the varying dust aerosol chemistry in the future changing climate.
Hannah J. Rubin, Joshua S. Fu, Frank Dentener, Rui Li, Kan Huang, and Hongbo Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7091–7102, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7091-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7091-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We update the 2010 global deposition budget for nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) with new regional wet deposition measurements, improving the ensemble results of 11 global chemistry transport models from HTAP II. Our study demonstrates that a global measurement–model fusion approach can substantially improve N and S deposition model estimates at a regional scale and represents a step forward toward the WMO goal of global fusion products for accurately mapping harmful air pollution.
Yu Han, Tao Wang, Rui Li, Hongbo Fu, Yusen Duan, Song Gao, Liwu Zhang, and Jianmin Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2877–2900, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2877-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2877-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Limited knowledge is available on volatile organic compound (VOC) multi-site research of different land-use types at city level. This study performed a concurrent multi-site observation campaign on the three typical land-use types of Shanghai, East China. The results showed that concentrations, sources and ozone and secondary organic aerosol formation potentials of VOCs varied with the land-use types.
Xiaofei Qin, Shengqian Zhou, Hao Li, Guochen Wang, Cheng Chen, Chengfeng Liu, Xiaohao Wang, Juntao Huo, Yanfen Lin, Jia Chen, Qingyan Fu, Yusen Duan, Kan Huang, and Congrui Deng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 15851–15865, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15851-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15851-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Using artificial neural network modeling and an explainable analysis approach, natural surface emissions (NSEs) were identified as a main driver of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) variations during the COVID-19 lockdown. A sharp drop in GEM concentrations due to a significant reduction in anthropogenic emissions may disrupt the surface–air exchange balance of Hg, leading to increases in NSEs. This implies that NSEs may pose challenges to the future control of Hg pollution.
Tao Wang, Yangyang Liu, Hanyun Cheng, Zhenzhen Wang, Hongbo Fu, Jianmin Chen, and Liwu Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13467–13493, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13467-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13467-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study compared the gas-phase, aqueous-phase, and heterogeneous SO2 oxidation pathways by combining laboratory work with a modelling study. The heterogeneous oxidation, particularly that induced by the dust surface drivers, presents positive implications for the removal of airborne SO2 and formation of sulfate aerosols. This work highlighted the atmospheric significance of heterogeneous oxidation and suggested a comparison model to evaluate the following heterogeneous laboratory research.
Xiaoxi Zhao, Kan Huang, Joshua S. Fu, and Sabur F. Abdullaev
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10389–10407, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10389-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10389-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Long-range transport of Asian dust to the Arctic was considered an important source of Arctic air pollution. Different transport routes to the Arctic had divergent effects on the evolution of aerosol properties. Depositions of long-range-transported dust particles can reduce the Arctic surface albedo considerably. This study implied that the ubiquitous long-transport dust from China exerted considerable aerosol indirect effects on the Arctic and may have potential biogeochemical significance.
Syuichi Itahashi, Baozhu Ge, Keiichi Sato, Zhe Wang, Junichi Kurokawa, Jiani Tan, Kan Huang, Joshua S. Fu, Xuemei Wang, Kazuyo Yamaji, Tatsuya Nagashima, Jie Li, Mizuo Kajino, Gregory R. Carmichael, and Zifa Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 8709–8734, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8709-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8709-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents the detailed analysis of acid deposition over southeast Asia based on the Model Inter-Comparison Study for Asia (MICS-Asia) phase III. Simulated wet deposition is evaluated with observation data from the Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia (EANET). The difficulties of models to capture observations are related to the model performance on precipitation. The precipitation-adjusted approach was applied, and the distribution of wet deposition was successfully revised.
Rui Li, Yilong Zhao, Hongbo Fu, Jianmin Chen, Meng Peng, and Chunying Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 8677–8692, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8677-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8677-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Based on a random forest model, the strict lockdown measures significantly decreased primary components such as Cr (−67 %) and Fe (−61 %) in PM2.5 (p < 0.01), whereas the higher relative humidity (RH) and NH3 level and the lower air temperature (T) remarkably enhanced the production of secondary aerosol including SO42− (29 %), NO3− (29 %), and NH4+ (21 %) (p < 0.05). The natural experiment suggested that the NH3 emission should be strictly controlled.
Na Zhao, Xinyi Dong, Kan Huang, Joshua S. Fu, Marianne Tronstad Lund, Kengo Sudo, Daven Henze, Tom Kucsera, Yun Fat Lam, Mian Chin, and Simone Tilmes
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 8637–8654, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8637-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8637-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Black carbon acts as a strong climate forcer, especially in vulnerable pristine regions such as the Arctic. This work utilizes ensemble modeling results from the task force Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution Phase 2 to investigate the responses of Arctic black carbon and surface temperature to various source emission reductions. East Asia contributed the most to Arctic black carbon. The response of Arctic temperature to black carbon was substantially more sensitive than the global average.
Rui Li, Lulu Cui, Yilong Zhao, Wenhui Zhou, and Hongbo Fu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 2147–2163, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2147-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2147-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A unique monthly NO3− dataset at 0.25° resolution over China during 2005–2015 was developed by assimilating multi-source variables. The newly developed product featured an excellent cross-validation R2 value (0.78) and relatively lower RMSE (1.19 μg N m−3) and mean absolute error (MAE: 0.81 μg N m−3). The dataset also exhibited relatively robust performance at the spatial and temporal scales. The dataset over China could deepen knowledge of the status of N pollution in China.
Xiaofei Qin, Leiming Zhang, Guochen Wang, Xiaohao Wang, Qingyan Fu, Jian Xu, Hao Li, Jia Chen, Qianbiao Zhao, Yanfen Lin, Juntao Huo, Fengwen Wang, Kan Huang, and Congrui Deng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 10985–10996, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10985-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10985-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The uncertainties in mercury emissions are much larger from natural sources than anthropogenic sources. A method was developed to quantify the contributions of natural surface emissions to ambient GEM based on PMF modeling. The annual GEM concentration in eastern China showed a decreasing trend from 2015 to 2018, while the relative contribution of natural surface emissions increased significantly from 41 % in 2015 to 57 % in 2018, gradually surpassing those from anthropogenic sources.
Jiani Tan, Joshua S. Fu, Gregory R. Carmichael, Syuichi Itahashi, Zhining Tao, Kan Huang, Xinyi Dong, Kazuyo Yamaji, Tatsuya Nagashima, Xuemei Wang, Yiming Liu, Hyo-Jung Lee, Chuan-Yao Lin, Baozhu Ge, Mizuo Kajino, Jia Zhu, Meigen Zhang, Hong Liao, and Zifa Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 7393–7410, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7393-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7393-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study evaluated the performance of 12 chemical transport models from MICS-Asia III for predicting the particulate matter (PM) over East Asia. Four model processes were investigated as the possible reasons for model bias with measurements and the factors causing inconsistent predictions of PM from different models: (1) model inputs, (2) gas–particle conversion, (3) dust emission modules and (4) removal mechanisms (wet and dry depositions). The influence of each process was discussed.
Jian Xu, Jia Chen, Na Zhao, Guochen Wang, Guangyuan Yu, Hao Li, Juntao Huo, Yanfen Lin, Qingyan Fu, Hongyu Guo, Congrui Deng, Shan-Hu Lee, Jianmin Chen, and Kan Huang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 7259–7269, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7259-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7259-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study provided evidence that gas-particle partitioning of ammonia, as opposed to ammonia concentration, plays a critical role in the haze formation. A reduction in ammonia emissions alone may not reduce air pollution effectively, at least at rural agricultural sites in China.
Rui Li, Yilong Zhao, Wenhui Zhou, Ya Meng, Ziyu Zhang, and Hongbo Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 6159–6175, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-6159-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-6159-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The Tibetan Plateau lacks ground-level O3 observation due to its unique geographical environment. It is imperative to employ modelling methods to simulate the O3 level. The present study proposed a novel technique for estimating the surface O3 level in remote regions. The result captured long-term O3 concentration on the Tibetan Plateau, which was beneficial for assessing the effects of O3 on climate change and ecosystem safety, especially in a vulnerable area of the ecological environment.
Meng Gao, Zhiwei Han, Zhining Tao, Jiawei Li, Jeong-Eon Kang, Kan Huang, Xinyi Dong, Bingliang Zhuang, Shu Li, Baozhu Ge, Qizhong Wu, Hyo-Jung Lee, Cheol-Hee Kim, Joshua S. Fu, Tijian Wang, Mian Chin, Meng Li, Jung-Hun Woo, Qiang Zhang, Yafang Cheng, Zifa Wang, and Gregory R. Carmichael
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 1147–1161, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-1147-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-1147-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Topic 3 of the Model Inter-Comparison Study for Asia (MICS-Asia) Phase III examines how online coupled air quality models perform in simulating high aerosol pollution in the North China Plain region during wintertime haze events and evaluates the importance of aerosol radiative feedbacks. This paper discusses the estimates of aerosol radiative forcing, aerosol feedbacks, and possible causes for the differences among the models.
Zhenzhen Wang, Tao Wang, Hongbo Fu, Liwu Zhang, Mingjin Tang, Christian George, Vicki H. Grassian, and Jianmin Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 12569–12585, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-12569-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-12569-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This study confirmed that SO2 uptake on mineral particles could be greatly enhanced during cloud processing. The large pH fluctuations between the cloud-aerosol modes could significantly modify the microphysical properties of particles, and triggered the formation of reactive Fe particles to accelerate sulfate formation via a self-amplifying process. Results of this study could partly explain the missing source of sulfate and improve agreement between models and field observations.
Tao Wang, Yangyang Liu, Yue Deng, Hanyun Cheng, Yang Yang, Yiqing Feng, Muhammad Ali Tahir, Xiaozhong Fang, Xu Dong, Kejian Li, Saira Ajmal, Aziz-Ur-Rahim Bacha, Iqra Nabi, Hongbo Fu, Liwu Zhang, and Jianmin Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2019-315, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2019-315, 2019
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the heterogeneous formation of nitrate and nitrite aerosols by in-situ laboratory tests and field observations. Sunlight becomes the protagonist under weak illumination, while a costar under strong irradiation, attributing to the balance between NO2 adsorption and the formation of photoinduced active species. Meanwhile, sunlight determines the association between atmospheric nitrate and nitrite. We hope this work offer more suggestions for modelling studies.
Xiaofei Qin, Xiaohao Wang, Yijie Shi, Guangyuan Yu, Na Zhao, Yanfen Lin, Qingyan Fu, Dongfang Wang, Zhouqing Xie, Congrui Deng, and Kan Huang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 5923–5940, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-5923-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-5923-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The seasonal pattern of atmospheric mercury species over a regional transport intersection zone in east China indicated impacts from both natural re-emissions and anthropogenic emissions. Quasi-local sources were more important than long-range transport for mercury, opposite from particles. Shipping activities were especially outstanding emissions. Abnormally high GOM was ascribed to the high oxidant levels. The gas–particle partition inhibited the formation of GOM under high particle levels.
Xinyi Dong, Joshua S. Fu, Qingzhao Zhu, Jian Sun, Jiani Tan, Terry Keating, Takashi Sekiya, Kengo Sudo, Louisa Emmons, Simone Tilmes, Jan Eiof Jonson, Michael Schulz, Huisheng Bian, Mian Chin, Yanko Davila, Daven Henze, Toshihiko Takemura, Anna Maria Katarina Benedictow, and Kan Huang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 15581–15600, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-15581-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-15581-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We have applied the HTAP phase II multi-model data to investigate the long-range transport impacts on surface concentration and column density of PM from Europe and Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine to eastern Asia, with a special focus on the long-range transport contribution during haze episodes in China. We found that long-range transport plays a more important role in elevating the background concentration of surface PM during the haze days.
Zhong Li, Chunlin Li, Xingnan Ye, Hongbo Fu, Lin Wang, Xin Yang, Xinke Wang, Zhuohui Zhao, Haidong Kan, Abdelwahid Mellouki, and Jianmin Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 14445–14464, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-14445-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-14445-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Air quality over the Yangtze River is important as it may significantly influence aquatic ecosystems, public health, and coastal areas. A comprehensive 15-day cruise campaign, TEMP, was performed in the mid–lower reaches of the Yangtze River in winter of 2015. Based on the filter samples, the chemical composition of PM2.5 greatly varied or fluctuated.
Ying Ji, Xiaofei Qin, Bo Wang, Jian Xu, Jiandong Shen, Jianmin Chen, Kan Huang, Congrui Deng, Renchang Yan, Kaier Xu, and Tian Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 13581–13600, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-13581-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-13581-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Large-scale joint emission control measures were carried out in the Yangtze River Delta during the Hangzhou G20 Summit in 2016. The extent of secondary inorganic aerosol formation was found to be significantly enhanced under transport conditions from northern China. However, the formation of secondary organic aerosols was also greatly suppressed due to the emission control measures. Overall, it was found that regional/long-range transport could have offset part of the emission control efforts.
Yunhua Chang, Kan Huang, Mingjie Xie, Congrui Deng, Zhong Zou, Shoudong Liu, and Yanlin Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 11793–11812, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-11793-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-11793-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We continuously performed a one-year and hourly-resolved measurement of 18 atmospheric elements in PM2.5 in Shanghai megacity. Here our high time-resolution observations over a long-term period provide baseline data with high detail, which are of great use for examining acute exposure of morbidity and mortality risk in association with PM2.5 metal species in China's megacities.
Meng Gao, Zhiwei Han, Zirui Liu, Meng Li, Jinyuan Xin, Zhining Tao, Jiawei Li, Jeong-Eon Kang, Kan Huang, Xinyi Dong, Bingliang Zhuang, Shu Li, Baozhu Ge, Qizhong Wu, Yafang Cheng, Yuesi Wang, Hyo-Jung Lee, Cheol-Hee Kim, Joshua S. Fu, Tijian Wang, Mian Chin, Jung-Hun Woo, Qiang Zhang, Zifa Wang, and Gregory R. Carmichael
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 4859–4884, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-4859-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-4859-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Topic 3 of the Model Inter-Comparison Study for Asia (MICS-Asia) Phase III examines how online coupled air quality models perform in simulating high aerosol pollution in the North China Plain region during wintertime haze events and evaluates the importance of aerosol radiative and microphysical feedbacks. A comprehensive overview of the MICS-ASIA III Topic 3 study design is presented.
Qiongzhen Wang, Xinyi Dong, Joshua S. Fu, Jian Xu, Congrui Deng, Yilun Jiang, Qingyan Fu, Yanfen Lin, Kan Huang, and Guoshun Zhuang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 3505–3521, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-3505-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-3505-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
A synergy of ground-based atmospheric chemistry observation, lidar, and numerical modeling was used to investigate a super dust event passing over Shanghai. The degree of dust that was modified by anthropogenic sources highly depended on the transport pathways. A community regional air quality model with improved dust scheme reproduced reasonable dust chemistry results. The chemical and optical properties of evolving dust are crucial for evaluating the climatic effects of dust.
Rui Li, Yunjie Hu, Ling Li, Hongbo Fu, and Jianmin Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 5079–5093, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-5079-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-5079-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Five episodes were divided based on meteorological conditions and chemical composition. The clear episodes (EP-2 and EP-4) featured low light extinction with fewer pollutants, which are mostly externally mixed. In contrast, EP-1 and EP-5 were impacted by the industrial activities and biomass burning through the southern air mass, respectively. Soot at the fog period detected in EP-3 was mostly internally mixed with sulfates and nitrates.
Xinyi Dong, Joshua S. Fu, Kan Huang, Daniel Tong, and Guoshun Zhuang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 8157–8180, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8157-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8157-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model has been further developed in terms of simulating natural wind-blown dust in this study, with a series of modifications aimed at improving the model's capability to predict the emission, transport, and chemical reactions of dust aerosols. Evaluation with observations suggested improved model performance by correcting the double counting of soil moisture impact, applying source-dependent speciation profile, and implementing heterogeneous chemitry.
L. D. Kong, X. Zhao, Z. Y. Sun, Y. W. Yang, H. B. Fu, S. C. Zhang, T. T. Cheng, X. Yang, L. Wang, and J. M. Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 9451–9467, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-9451-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-9451-2014, 2014
K. Huang, G. Zhuang, Y. Lin, Q. Wang, J. S. Fu, R. Zhang, J. Li, C. Deng, and Q. Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 11631–11645, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-11631-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-11631-2012, 2012
Related subject area
Subject: Clouds and Precipitation | Research Activity: Field Measurements | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Chemistry (chemical composition and reactions)
Influences of sources and weather dynamics on atmospheric deposition of Se species and other trace elements
Response patterns of moss to atmospheric nitrogen deposition and nitrogen saturation in an urban-agro-forest transition
Molecular composition of clouds: a comparison between samples collected at tropical (Réunion Island, France) and mid-north (puy de Dôme, France) latitudes
Revealing the chemical characteristics of Arctic low-level cloud residuals – in situ observations from a mountain site
Long-term monitoring of cloud water chemistry at Whiteface Mountain: the emergence of a new chemical regime
Measurement report: Closure analysis of aerosol–cloud composition in tropical maritime warm convection
Free amino acid quantification in cloud water at the Puy de Dôme station (France)
Wet deposition in the remote western and central Mediterranean as a source of trace metals to surface seawater
Insights into tropical cloud chemistry in Réunion (Indian Ocean): results from the BIO-MAÏDO campaign
Measurement report: Molecular characteristics of cloud water in southern China and insights into aqueous-phase processes from Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry
Total organic carbon and the contribution from speciated organics in cloud water: airborne data analysis from the CAMP2Ex field campaign
A link between the ice nucleation activity and the biogeochemistry of seawater
Impact of convection on the upper-tropospheric composition (water vapor and ozone) over a subtropical site (Réunion island; 21.1° S, 55.5° E) in the Indian Ocean
Chemical characteristics of cloud water and the impacts on aerosol properties at a subtropical mountain site in Hong Kong SAR
Diurnal cycle of iodine, bromine, and mercury concentrations in Svalbard surface snow
Deposition of ionic species and black carbon to the Arctic snowpack: combining snow pit observations with modeling
Mercury and trace metal wet deposition across five stations in Alaska: controlling factors, spatial patterns, and source regions
Drivers of atmospheric deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at European high-altitude sites
Cloud scavenging of anthropogenic refractory particles at a mountain site in North China
Composition of ice particle residuals in mixed-phase clouds at Jungfraujoch (Switzerland): enrichment and depletion of particle groups relative to total aerosol
Snow scavenging and phase partitioning of nitrated and oxygenated aromatic hydrocarbons in polluted and remote environments in central Europe and the European Arctic
Continuous non-marine inputs of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances to the High Arctic: a multi-decadal temporal record
Biogenic, urban, and wildfire influences on the molecular composition of dissolved organic compounds in cloud water
The single-particle mixing state and cloud scavenging of black carbon: a case study at a high-altitude mountain site in southern China
Composition, size and cloud condensation nuclei activity of biomass burning aerosol from northern Australian savannah fires
Five-year records of mercury wet deposition flux at GMOS sites in the Northern and Southern hemispheres
Atmospheric wet and litterfall mercury deposition at urban and rural sites in China
Hydroxyl radical in/on illuminated polar snow: formation rates, lifetimes, and steady-state concentrations
Cloud water composition during HCCT-2010: Scavenging efficiencies, solute concentrations, and droplet size dependence of inorganic ions and dissolved organic carbon
Fog composition at Baengnyeong Island in the eastern Yellow Sea: detecting markers of aqueous atmospheric oxidations
Wet deposition of atmospheric inorganic nitrogen at five remote sites in the Tibetan Plateau
Atmospheric wet and dry deposition of trace elements at 10 sites in Northern China
Natural or anthropogenic? On the origin of atmospheric sulfate deposition in the Andes of southeastern Ecuador
Temporal variations in rainwater methanol
Comprehensive assessment of meteorological conditions and airflow connectivity during HCCT-2010
Influence of cloud processing on CCN activation behaviour in the Thuringian Forest, Germany during HCCT-2010
Classification of clouds sampled at the puy de Dôme (France) based on 10 yr of monitoring of their physicochemical properties
Preliminary signs of the initiation of deep convection by GNSS
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and select aldehydes in cloud and fog water: the role of the aqueous phase in impacting trace gas budgets
Insights into dissolved organic matter complexity in rainwater from continental and coastal storms by ultrahigh resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry
Dynamics of the chemical composition of rainwater throughout Hurricane Irene
Spatial and temporal distributions of total and methyl mercury in precipitation in core urban areas, Chongqing, China
Wet and dry deposition of atmospheric nitrogen at ten sites in Northern China
Spatial distribution of mercury deposition fluxes in Wanshan Hg mining area, Guizhou province, China
Molecular characterization of water soluble organic nitrogen in marine rainwater by ultra-high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Five-year record of atmospheric precipitation chemistry in urban Beijing, China
Mercury deposition in Southern New Hampshire, 2006–2009
Chemical composition of rainwater at Maldives Climate Observatory at Hanimaadhoo (MCOH)
Chemistry of rain events in West Africa: evidence of dust and biogenic influence in convective systems
Atmospheric deposition of mercury and major ions to the Pensacola (Florida) watershed: spatial, seasonal, and inter-annual variability
Esther S. Breuninger, Julie Tolu, Iris Thurnherr, Franziska Aemisegger, Aryeh Feinberg, Sylvain Bouchet, Jeroen E. Sonke, Véronique Pont, Heini Wernli, and Lenny H. E. Winkel
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2491–2510, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2491-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2491-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric deposition is an important source of selenium (Se) and other health-relevant trace elements in surface environments. We found that the variability in elemental concentrations in atmospheric deposition reflects not only changes in emission sources but also weather conditions during atmospheric removal. Depending on the sources and if Se is derived more locally or from further away, the Se forms can be different, affecting the bioavailability of Se atmospherically supplied to soils.
Ouping Deng, Yuanyuan Chen, Jingze Zhao, Xi Li, Wei Zhou, Ting Lan, Dinghua Ou, Yanyan Zhang, Jiang Liu, Ling Luo, Yueqiang He, Hanqing Yang, and Rong Huang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2718, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2718, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Estimating atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition is critical to understanding the biogeochemical N cycle. Moss has long been considered as a bio-indicator for N deposition due to their accumulation of N from the atmosphere. Here, we improved the method for atmospheric N deposition monitoring using mosses. The sampling frequency and time was optimized. Eventually, this study contributed to improve the accuracy of the model of quantifying N deposition by using mosses.
Lucas Pailler, Laurent Deguillaume, Hélène Lavanant, Isabelle Schmitz, Marie Hubert, Edith Nicol, Micakël Ribeiro, Jean-Marc Pichon, Mickaël Vaïtilingom, Pamela Dominutti, Frédéric Burnet, Pierre Tulet, Maud Leriche, and Angelica Bianco
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2706, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2706, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The composition of cloud water dissolved organic matter has been investigated through non-targeted high resolution mass spectrometry only on few samples, collected in the Northern hemisphere (NH). In this work, the chemical composition of samples collected at Reunion Island (SH) is investigated and compared to samples collected at the puy de Dôme (NH). Sampling, analysis and data treatment with the same methodology produced a unique dataset for investigating the molecular composition of clouds.
Yvette Gramlich, Karolina Siegel, Sophie L. Haslett, Gabriel Freitas, Radovan Krejci, Paul Zieger, and Claudia Mohr
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6813–6834, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6813-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6813-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we investigate the chemical composition of aerosol particles forming clouds in the Arctic. During year-long observations at a mountain site on Svalbard, we find a large contribution of naturally derived aerosol particles in the fraction forming clouds in the summer. Our observations indicate that most aerosol particles can serve as cloud seeds in this remote environment.
Christopher E. Lawrence, Paul Casson, Richard Brandt, James J. Schwab, James E. Dukett, Phil Snyder, Elizabeth Yerger, Daniel Kelting, Trevor C. VandenBoer, and Sara Lance
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1619–1639, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1619-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1619-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric aqueous chemistry can have profound effects on our environment, as illustrated by historical data from Whiteface Mountain (WFM) that were critical for uncovering the process of acid rain. The current study updates the long-term trends in cloud water composition at WFM for the period 1994 to 2021. We highlight the emergence of a new chemical regime at WFM dominated by organics and ammonium, quite different from the highly acidic regime observed in the past but not necessarily
clean.
Ewan Crosbie, Luke D. Ziemba, Michael A. Shook, Claire E. Robinson, Edward L. Winstead, K. Lee Thornhill, Rachel A. Braun, Alexander B. MacDonald, Connor Stahl, Armin Sorooshian, Susan C. van den Heever, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Sarah Woods, Paola Bañaga, Matthew D. Brown, Francesca Gallo, Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Carolyn E. Jordan, Gabrielle R. Leung, Richard H. Moore, Kevin J. Sanchez, Taylor J. Shingler, and Elizabeth B. Wiggins
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13269–13302, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13269-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13269-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The linkage between cloud droplet and aerosol particle chemical composition was analyzed using samples collected in a polluted tropical marine environment. Variations in the droplet composition were related to physical and dynamical processes in clouds to assess their relative significance across three cases that spanned a range of rainfall amounts. In spite of the pollution, sea salt still remained a major contributor to the droplet composition and was preferentially enhanced in rainwater.
Pascal Renard, Maxence Brissy, Florent Rossi, Martin Leremboure, Saly Jaber, Jean-Luc Baray, Angelica Bianco, Anne-Marie Delort, and Laurent Deguillaume
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2467–2486, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2467-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2467-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Amino acids (AAs) have been quantified in cloud water collected at the Puy de Dôme station (France). Concentrations and speciation of those compounds are highly variable among the samples. Sources from the sea surface and atmospheric transformations during the air mass transport, mainly in the free troposphere, have been shown to modulate AA levels in cloud water.
Karine Desboeufs, Franck Fu, Matthieu Bressac, Antonio Tovar-Sánchez, Sylvain Triquet, Jean-François Doussin, Chiara Giorio, Patrick Chazette, Julie Disnaquet, Anaïs Feron, Paola Formenti, Franck Maisonneuve, Araceli Rodríguez-Romero, Pascal Zapf, François Dulac, and Cécile Guieu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2309–2332, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2309-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2309-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This article reports the first concurrent sampling of wet deposition samples and surface seawater and was performed during the PEACETIME cruise in the remote Mediterranean (May–June 2017). Through the chemical composition of trace metals (TMs) in these samples, it emphasizes the decrease of atmospheric metal pollution in this area during the last few decades and the critical role of wet deposition as source of TMs for Mediterranean surface seawater, especially for intense dust deposition events.
Pamela A. Dominutti, Pascal Renard, Mickaël Vaïtilingom, Angelica Bianco, Jean-Luc Baray, Agnès Borbon, Thierry Bourianne, Frédéric Burnet, Aurélie Colomb, Anne-Marie Delort, Valentin Duflot, Stephan Houdier, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Muriel Joly, Martin Leremboure, Jean-Marc Metzger, Jean-Marc Pichon, Mickaël Ribeiro, Manon Rocco, Pierre Tulet, Anthony Vella, Maud Leriche, and Laurent Deguillaume
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 505–533, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-505-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-505-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present here the results obtained during an intensive field campaign conducted in March to April 2019 in Reunion. Our study integrates a comprehensive chemical and microphysical characterization of cloud water. Our investigations reveal that air mass history and cloud microphysical properties do not fully explain the variability observed in their chemical composition. This highlights the complexity of emission sources, multiphasic exchanges, and transformations in clouds.
Wei Sun, Yuzhen Fu, Guohua Zhang, Yuxiang Yang, Feng Jiang, Xiufeng Lian, Bin Jiang, Yuhong Liao, Xinhui Bi, Duohong Chen, Jianmin Chen, Xinming Wang, Jie Ou, Ping'an Peng, and Guoying Sheng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16631–16644, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16631-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16631-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We sampled cloud water at a remote mountain site and investigated the molecular characteristics. CHON and CHO are dominant in cloud water. No statistical difference in the oxidation state is observed between cloud water and interstitial PM2.5. Most of the formulas are aliphatic and olefinic species. CHON, with aromatic structures and organosulfates, are abundant, especially in nighttime samples. The in-cloud and multi-phase dark reactions likely contribute significantly.
Connor Stahl, Ewan Crosbie, Paola Angela Bañaga, Grace Betito, Rachel A. Braun, Zenn Marie Cainglet, Maria Obiminda Cambaliza, Melliza Templonuevo Cruz, Julie Mae Dado, Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Gabrielle Frances Leung, Alexander B. MacDonald, Angela Monina Magnaye, Jeffrey Reid, Claire Robinson, Michael A. Shook, James Bernard Simpas, Shane Marie Visaga, Edward Winstead, Luke Ziemba, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 14109–14129, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14109-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14109-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A total of 159 cloud water samples were collected and measured for total organic carbon (TOC) during CAMP2Ex. On average, 30 % of TOC was speciated based on carboxylic/sulfonic acids and dimethylamine. Results provide a critical constraint on cloud composition and vertical profiles of TOC and organic species ranging from ~250 m to ~ 7 km and representing a variety of cloud types and air mass source influences such as biomass burning, marine emissions, anthropogenic activity, and dust.
Martin J. Wolf, Megan Goodell, Eric Dong, Lilian A. Dove, Cuiqi Zhang, Lesly J. Franco, Chuanyang Shen, Emma G. Rutkowski, Domenic N. Narducci, Susan Mullen, Andrew R. Babbin, and Daniel J. Cziczo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 15341–15356, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15341-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15341-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Sea spray is the largest aerosol source on Earth. These aerosol particles can impact climate by inducing ice formation in clouds. The role that ocean biology plays in determining the composition and ice nucleation abilities of sea spray aerosol is unclarified. In this study, we demonstrate that atomized seawater from highly productive ocean regions is more effective at nucleating ice than seawater from lower-productivity regions.
Damien Héron, Stéphanie Evan, Jérôme Brioude, Karen Rosenlof, Françoise Posny, Jean-Marc Metzger, and Jean-Pierre Cammas
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 8611–8626, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-8611-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-8611-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Using a statistical method, summer variations (between 2013 and 2016) of ozone and water vapor are characterized in the upper troposphere above Réunion island (21° S, 55° E). It suggests a convective influence between 9 and 13 km. As deep convection is rarely observed near Réunion island, this study provides new insights on the long-range impact of deep convective outflow from the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) on the upper troposphere over a subtropical site.
Tao Li, Zhe Wang, Yaru Wang, Chen Wu, Yiheng Liang, Men Xia, Chuan Yu, Hui Yun, Weihao Wang, Yan Wang, Jia Guo, Hartmut Herrmann, and Tao Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 391–407, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-391-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-391-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This work presents a field study of cloud water chemistry and interactions of cloud, gas, and aerosols in the polluted coastal boundary layer in southern China. Substantial dissolved organic matter in the acidic cloud water was observed, and the gas- and aqueous-phase partitioning of carbonyl compounds was investigated. The results demonstrated the significant role of cloud processing in altering aerosol properties, especially in producing aqueous organics and droplet-mode aerosols.
Andrea Spolaor, Elena Barbaro, David Cappelletti, Clara Turetta, Mauro Mazzola, Fabio Giardi, Mats P. Björkman, Federico Lucchetta, Federico Dallo, Katrine Aspmo Pfaffhuber, Hélène Angot, Aurelien Dommergue, Marion Maturilli, Alfonso Saiz-Lopez, Carlo Barbante, and Warren R. L. Cairns
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 13325–13339, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-13325-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-13325-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The main aims of the study are to (a) detect whether mercury in the surface snow undergoes a daily cycle as determined in the atmosphere, (b) compare the mercury concentration in surface snow with the concentration in the atmosphere, (c) evaluate the effect of snow depositions, (d) detect whether iodine and bromine in the surface snow undergo a daily cycle, and (e) evaluate the role of metereological and atmospheric conditions. Different behaviours were determined during different seasons.
Hans-Werner Jacobi, Friedrich Obleitner, Sophie Da Costa, Patrick Ginot, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Wenche Aas, and Marco Zanatta
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 10361–10377, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-10361-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-10361-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
By combining atmospheric, precipitation, and snow measurements with snowpack simulations for a high Arctic site in Svalbard, we find that during wintertime the transfer of sea salt components to the snowpack was largely dominated by wet deposition. However, dry deposition contributed significantly for nitrate, non-sea-salt sulfate, and black carbon. The comparison of monthly deposition and snow budgets indicates an important redistribution of the impurities in the snowpack even during winter.
Christopher Pearson, Dean Howard, Christopher Moore, and Daniel Obrist
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 6913–6929, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-6913-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-6913-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Precipitation-based deposition of mercury and other trace metals throughout Alaska provides a significant input of pollutants. Deposition shows significant seasonal and spatial variability, largely driven by precipitation patterns. Annual wet deposition of Hg at all AK collection sites is consistently lower than other monitoring stations throughout the CONUS. Hg showed no clear relationship to other metals, likely due to its highly volatile nature and capability of long-range transport.
Lourdes Arellano, Pilar Fernández, Barend L. van Drooge, Neil L. Rose, Ulrike Nickus, Hansjoerg Thies, Evzen Stuchlík, Lluís Camarero, Jordi Catalan, and Joan O. Grimalt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 16081–16097, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-16081-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-16081-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Mountain areas are key for studying the impact of diffuse pollution due to human activities on the continental areas. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), human carcinogens with increased levels since the 1950s, are significant constituents of this pollution. We determined PAHs in monthly atmospheric deposition collected in European high mountain areas. The number of sites, period of study and sampling frequency provide the most comprehensive description of PAH fallout at remote sites.
Lei Liu, Jian Zhang, Liang Xu, Qi Yuan, Dao Huang, Jianmin Chen, Zongbo Shi, Yele Sun, Pingqing Fu, Zifa Wang, Daizhou Zhang, and Weijun Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 14681–14693, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-14681-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-14681-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Using transmission electron microscopy, we studied individual cloud droplet residual and interstitial particles collected in cloud events at Mt. Tai in the polluted North China region. We found that individual cloud droplets were an extremely complicated mixture containing abundant refractory soot (i.e., black carbon), fly ash, and metals. The complicated cloud droplets have not been reported in clean continental or marine air before.
Stine Eriksen Hammer, Stephan Mertes, Johannes Schneider, Martin Ebert, Konrad Kandler, and Stephan Weinbruch
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 13987–14003, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-13987-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-13987-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
It is important to study ice-nucleating particles in the environment to learn more about cloud formation. We studied the composition of ice particle residuals and total aerosol particles sampled in parallel during mixed-phase cloud events at Jungfraujoch and discovered that soot and complex secondary particles were not present. In contrast, silica, aluminosilicates, and other aluminosilicates were the most important ice particle residual groups at site temperatures between −11 and −18 °C.
Pourya Shahpoury, Zoran Kitanovski, and Gerhard Lammel
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 13495–13510, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-13495-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-13495-2018, 2018
Heidi M. Pickard, Alison S. Criscitiello, Christine Spencer, Martin J. Sharp, Derek C. G. Muir, Amila O. De Silva, and Cora J. Young
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 5045–5058, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-5045-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-5045-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are persistent, bioaccumulative compounds found in the environment far from source regions, including the remote Arctic. We collected a 15 m ice core from the Canadian High Arctic to measure a 38-year deposition record of PFAAs, proving information about major pollutant sources and production changes over time. Our results demonstrate that PFAAs have continuous and increasing deposition, despite recent North American regulations and phase-outs.
Ryan D. Cook, Ying-Hsuan Lin, Zhuoyu Peng, Eric Boone, Rosalie K. Chu, James E. Dukett, Matthew J. Gunsch, Wuliang Zhang, Nikola Tolic, Alexander Laskin, and Kerri A. Pratt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 15167–15180, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-15167-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-15167-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Reactions occur within water in both atmospheric particles and cloud droplets, yet little is known about the organic compounds in cloud water. In this work, cloud water samples were collected at Whiteface Mountain, New York, and analyzed using ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry to investigate the molecular composition of the dissolved organic compounds. The results focus on changes in cloud water composition with air mass origin – influences of forest, urban, and wildfire emissions.
Guohua Zhang, Qinhao Lin, Long Peng, Xinhui Bi, Duohong Chen, Mei Li, Lei Li, Fred J. Brechtel, Jianxin Chen, Weijun Yan, Xinming Wang, Ping'an Peng, Guoying Sheng, and Zhen Zhou
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 14975–14985, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-14975-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-14975-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The mixing state of black carbon (BC)-containing particles and the mass scavenging efficiency of BC in cloud were investigated at a mountain site (1690 m a.s.l.) in southern China. The measured BC-containing particles were internally mixed extensively with sulfate, and thus the number fraction of scavenged BC-containing particles is close to that of all the measured particles. BC-containing particles with higher fractions of organics were scavenged relatively less.
Marc D. Mallet, Luke T. Cravigan, Andelija Milic, Joel Alroe, Zoran D. Ristovski, Jason Ward, Melita Keywood, Leah R. Williams, Paul Selleck, and Branka Miljevic
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 3605–3617, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-3605-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-3605-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents data on the size, composition and concentration of aerosol particles emitted from north Australian savannah fires and how these properties influence cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations. Both the size and composition of aerosol were found to be important in determining CCN. Despite large CCNc enhancements during periods of close biomass burning, the aerosol was very weakly hygroscopic which should be accounted for in climate models to avoid large CCNc overestimates.
Francesca Sprovieri, Nicola Pirrone, Mariantonia Bencardino, Francesco D'Amore, Helene Angot, Carlo Barbante, Ernst-Günther Brunke, Flor Arcega-Cabrera, Warren Cairns, Sara Comero, María del Carmen Diéguez, Aurélien Dommergue, Ralf Ebinghaus, Xin Bin Feng, Xuewu Fu, Patricia Elizabeth Garcia, Bernd Manfred Gawlik, Ulla Hageström, Katarina Hansson, Milena Horvat, Jože Kotnik, Casper Labuschagne, Olivier Magand, Lynwill Martin, Nikolay Mashyanov, Thumeka Mkololo, John Munthe, Vladimir Obolkin, Martha Ramirez Islas, Fabrizio Sena, Vernon Somerset, Pia Spandow, Massimiliano Vardè, Chavon Walters, Ingvar Wängberg, Andreas Weigelt, Xu Yang, and Hui Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 2689–2708, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-2689-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-2689-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The results on total mercury (THg) wet deposition flux obtained within the GMOS network have been presented and discussed to understand the atmospheric Hg cycling and its seasonal depositional patterns over the 2011–2015 period. The data set provides new insight into baseline concentrations of THg concentrations in precipitation particularly in regions where wet deposition and atmospheric Hg species were not investigated before, opening the way for additional measurements and modeling studies.
Xuewu Fu, Xu Yang, Xiaofang Lang, Jun Zhou, Hui Zhang, Ben Yu, Haiyu Yan, Che-Jen Lin, and Xinbin Feng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 11547–11562, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11547-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11547-2016, 2016
Zeyuan Chen, Liang Chu, Edward S. Galbavy, Keren Ram, and Cort Anastasio
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 9579–9590, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-9579-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-9579-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We made the first measurements of the concentrations of hydroxyl radical (•OH), a dominant environmental oxidant, in snow grains. Concentrations of •OH in snow at Summit, Greenland, are comparable to values reported for midlatitude cloud and fog drops, even though impurity levels in the snow are much lower. At these concentrations, the lifetimes of organics and bromide in Summit snow are approximately 3 days and 7 h, respectively, suggesting that OH is a major oxidant for both species.
Dominik van Pinxteren, Khanneh Wadinga Fomba, Stephan Mertes, Konrad Müller, Gerald Spindler, Johannes Schneider, Taehyoung Lee, Jeffrey L. Collett, and Hartmut Herrmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 3185–3205, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-3185-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-3185-2016, 2016
A. J. Boris, T. Lee, T. Park, J. Choi, S. J. Seo, and J. L. Collett Jr.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 437–453, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-437-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-437-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Samples of fog water collected in the Yellow Sea during summer 2014 represent fog downwind of polluted regions and provide new insight into the fate of regional emissions. Organic and inorganic components reveal contributions from urban, biogenic, marine, and biomass burning emissions, as well as evidence of aqueous organic processing reactions. Many fog components are products of extensive photochemical aging during multiday transport, including oxidation within wet aerosols or fogs.
Y. W. Liu, Xu-Ri, Y. S. Wang, Y. P. Pan, and S. L. Piao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 11683–11700, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11683-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11683-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated inorganic N wet deposition at five sites in the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Combining in situ measurements in this and previous studies, the average wet deposition of NH4+-N, NO3--N, and inorganic N in the TP was estimated to be 1.06, 0.51, and 1.58 kg N ha−1 yr−1, respectively. Results suggest that earlier estimations based on chemical transport model simulations and/or limited field measurements likely overestimated substantially the regional inorganic N wet deposition in the TP.
Y. P. Pan and Y. S. Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 951–972, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-951-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-951-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents the first concurrent measurements of wet and dry deposition of various trace elements in Northern China, covering an extensive area over 3 years in a global hotspot of air pollution. The unique field data can serve as a sound basis for the validation of regional emission inventories and biogeochemical or atmospheric chemistry models. The findings are very important for policy makers to create legislation to reduce the emissions and protect soil and water from air pollution.
S. Makowski Giannoni, R. Rollenbeck, K. Trachte, and J. Bendix
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 11297–11312, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-11297-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-11297-2014, 2014
J. D. Felix, S. B. Jones, G. B. Avery, J. D. Willey, R. N. Mead, and R. J. Kieber
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 10509–10516, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-10509-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-10509-2014, 2014
A. Tilgner, L. Schöne, P. Bräuer, D. van Pinxteren, E. Hoffmann, G. Spindler, S. A. Styler, S. Mertes, W. Birmili, R. Otto, M. Merkel, K. Weinhold, A. Wiedensohler, H. Deneke, R. Schrödner, R. Wolke, J. Schneider, W. Haunold, A. Engel, A. Wéber, and H. Herrmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 9105–9128, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-9105-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-9105-2014, 2014
S. Henning, K. Dieckmann, K. Ignatius, M. Schäfer, P. Zedler, E. Harris, B. Sinha, D. van Pinxteren, S. Mertes, W. Birmili, M. Merkel, Z. Wu, A. Wiedensohler, H. Wex, H. Herrmann, and F. Stratmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 7859–7868, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-7859-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-7859-2014, 2014
L. Deguillaume, T. Charbouillot, M. Joly, M. Vaïtilingom, M. Parazols, A. Marinoni, P. Amato, A.-M. Delort, V. Vinatier, A. Flossmann, N. Chaumerliac, J. M. Pichon, S. Houdier, P. Laj, K. Sellegri, A. Colomb, M. Brigante, and G. Mailhot
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1485–1506, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1485-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1485-2014, 2014
H. Brenot, J. Neméghaire, L. Delobbe, N. Clerbaux, P. De Meutter, A. Deckmyn, A. Delcloo, L. Frappez, and M. Van Roozendael
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 5425–5449, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-5425-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-5425-2013, 2013
B. Ervens, Y. Wang, J. Eagar, W. R. Leaitch, A. M. Macdonald, K. T. Valsaraj, and P. Herckes
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 5117–5135, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-5117-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-5117-2013, 2013
R. N. Mead, K. M. Mullaugh, G. Brooks Avery, R. J. Kieber, J. D. Willey, and D. C. Podgorski
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 4829–4838, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-4829-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-4829-2013, 2013
K. M. Mullaugh, J. D. Willey, R. J. Kieber, R. N. Mead, and G. B. Avery Jr.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 2321–2330, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-2321-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-2321-2013, 2013
Y. M. Wang, D. Y. Wang, B. Meng, Y. L. Peng, L. Zhao, and J. S. Zhu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 9417–9426, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-9417-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-9417-2012, 2012
Y. P. Pan, Y. S. Wang, G. Q. Tang, and D. Wu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 6515–6535, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-6515-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-6515-2012, 2012
Z. H. Dai, X. B. Feng, J. Sommar, P. Li, and X. W. Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 6207–6218, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-6207-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-6207-2012, 2012
K. E. Altieri, M. G. Hastings, A. J. Peters, and D. M. Sigman
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 3557–3571, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-3557-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-3557-2012, 2012
F. Yang, J. Tan, Z. B. Shi, Y. Cai, K. He, Y. Ma, F. Duan, T. Okuda, S. Tanaka, and G. Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 2025–2035, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-2025-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-2025-2012, 2012
M. A. S. Lombard, J. G. Bryce, H. Mao, and R. Talbot
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 7657–7668, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-7657-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-7657-2011, 2011
R. Das, L. Granat, C. Leck, P. S. Praveen, and H. Rodhe
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 3743–3755, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-3743-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-3743-2011, 2011
K. Desboeufs, E. Journet, J.-L. Rajot, S. Chevaillier, S. Triquet, P. Formenti, and A. Zakou
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 9283–9293, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-9283-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-9283-2010, 2010
J. M. Caffrey, W. M. Landing, S. D. Nolek, K. J. Gosnell, S. S. Bagui, and S. C. Bagui
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 5425–5434, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-5425-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-5425-2010, 2010
Cited articles
Abed, A. M., Kuisi, M. A., and Khair, H. A.: Characterization of the Khamaseen
(spring) dust in Jordan, Atmos. Environ. 43, 2868–2876,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.03.015, 2009.
AlKhatib, M. and Eisenhauer, A.: Calcium and strontium isotope fractionation
during precipitation from aqueous solutions as a function of temperature and
reaction rate; II. Aragonite, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 209, 320–342, 2017.
Al-Khashman, O. A.: Study of chemical composition in wet atmospheric
precipitation in Eshidiya area, Jordan, Atmos. Environ., 39, 6175–6183,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.06.056, 2005.
Allen, H. M., Draper, D. C., Ayres, B. R., Ault, A., Bondy, A., Takahama, S., Modini, R. L., Baumann, K., Edgerton, E., Knote, C., Laskin, A., Wang, B., and Fry, J. L.: Influence of crustal dust and sea spray supermicron particle concentrations and acidity on inorganic
Aloisi, I., Cai, G., Faleri, C., Navazio, L., Serafini-Fracassini, D., and
Del Duca, S.: Spermine regulates pollen tube growth by modulating
Ca2+-dependent actin organization and cell wall structure, Front. Plant. Sci., 8, 1701, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.01701, 2017.
Antony Chen, L. W., Doddridge, B. G., Dickerson, R.R., Chow, J. C., Mueller,
P. K., Quinn, J., and Butler, W. A.: Seasonal variations in elemental carbon
aerosol, carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide: Implications for sources,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1711–1714,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GL012354, 2001.
Arimoto, R., Duce, R., Savoie, D., Prospero, J., Talbot, R., Cullen, J.,
Tomza, U., Lewis, N., and Ray, B.: Relationships among aerosol constituents
from Asia and the North Pacific during PEM-West A, J. Geophys. Res.,
101, 2011–2023, https://doi.org/10.1029/95JD01071, 1996.
Balasubramanian, R., Victor, T., and Chun, N.: Chemical and statistical
analysis of precipitation in Singapore, Water Air Soil Poll., 130, 451–456,
2001.
Bian, S., Li, D., Gao, D., Peng, J., Dong, Y., and Li, W.:
Hydrometallurgical processing of lithium, potassium, and boron for the
comprehensive utilization of Da Qaidam lake brine via natural evaporation
and freezing, Hydrometallurgy, 173, 80–83, 2017.
Cao, Y. Z., Wang, S., Zhang, G., Luo, J., and Lu, S.: Chemical
characteristics of wet precipitation at an urban site of Guangzhou, South
China, Atmos. Res., 94, 462–469,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2009.07.004, 2009.
Cabello, M., Orza, J. A. G., Duenas, C., Liger, E., Gordo, E., and Canete, S.:
Back-trajectory analysis of African dust outbreaks at a coastal city in
southern Spain: Selection of starting heights and assessment of African and
concurrent Mediterranean contributions, Atmos. Environ., 140, 10–21,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.05.047, 2016.
Chen, J., Li, C., Ristovski, Z., Milic, A., Gu, Y., Islam, M. S., Wang, S. X.,
Hao, J. M., Zhang, H. F., and He, C.: A review of biomass burning: Emissions
and impacts on air quality, health and climate in China, Sci. Total
Environ., 579, 1000–1034,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.025, 2017.
Chen, J., Liu, G., Kang, Y., Wu, B., Sun, R., Zhou, C., and Wu, D.:
Atmospheric emissions of F, As, Se, Hg, and Sb from coal-fired power and
heat generation in China, Chemosphere, 90, 1925–1932,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.10.032, 2013.
Chen, Y., Luo, B., and Xie, S. D.: Characteristics of the long-range
transport dust events in Chengdu, Southwest China, Atmos. Environ., 122,
713–722, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.10.045, 2015.
Chen, Z. J., Chen, C. X., Liu, Y. Q., and Lin, Z. S.: The background values and
characteristics of soil elements in Fujian province, Environ. Monit. China,
8, 107–110, 1992.
Cheng, Y., Engling, G., He, K. B., Duan, F. K., Du, Z. Y., Ma, Y. L., Liang,
L. L., Lu, Z. F., Liu, J. M., and Zheng, M.: The characteristics of Beijing
aerosol during two distinct episodes: Impacts of biomass burning and
fireworks, Environ. Pollut., 185, 149–157,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.10.037, 2014.
Cheng, Y. Q. and Zhang, P.: Regional patterns changes of Chinese grain
production and response of commodity grain base in northeast China, Sci. Geogr. Sinica, 25, 513–520, https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-0690.2005.05.001, 2005.
China Meteorological Administration: The meteorological data over China during 2011–2016, available at: http://data.cma.cn/, last access: 1 December 2016.
Cong, Z., Kang, S., and Kawamura, K.: The long-range transport of
atmospheric aerosols from South Asia to Himalayas, paper presented at EGU
General Assembly Conference Abstracts, EGU General Assembly 2016, 17–22 April 2016 in Vienna Austria, EPSC2016-12380, 2016.
Clemens, S.: Toxic metal accumulation, responses to exposure and mechanisms
of tolerance in plants, Biochimie, 88, 1707–1719, 2006.
Dai, S. and Ren, D.: Fluorine concentration of coals in China-an estimation
considering coal reserves, Fuel, 85, 929–935, 2006.
Deshmukh, D. K., Deb, M. K., Tsai, Y. I., and Mkoma, S. L.: Water soluble ions
in PM2.5 and PM10 aerosols in Durg city, Chhattisgarh, India,
Aerosol Air Qual. Res, 11, 696–708, https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2011.03.0023, 2011.
Ding, X., Kong, L., Du, C., Zhanzakova, A., Fu, H., Tang, X., Wang, L.,
Yang, X., Chen, J., and Cheng, T.: Characteristics of size-resolved
atmospheric inorganic and carbonaceous aerosols in urban Shanghai, Atmos.
Environ., 167, 625–641,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.08.043, 2017.
Dong, Z. W., Kang, S. C., Guo, J. M., Zhang, Q. G., Wang, X. J., and Qi, D. H.:
Composition and mixing states of brown haze particle over the Himalayas
along two transboundary south-north transects, Atmos. Environ., 156, 24–35,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.02.029, 2017.
Driscoll, C. T., Driscoll, K. M., Mitchell, M. J., and Raynal, D. J.: Effects of
acidic deposition on forest and aquatic ecosystems in New York State,
Environ. Pollut., 123, 327–336,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(03)00019-8, 2003.
Du, E. Z., Vries, W. D., Galloway, J. N., Hu, X. Y., and Fang, J. Y.: Changes in
wet nitrogen deposition in the United States between 1985 and 2012, Environ.
Res. Lett., 9, 095004,
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/9/9/095004, 2014.
Emmett, B.: The impact of nitrogen on forest soils and feedbacks on tree
growth, in Forest Growth Responses to the Pollution Climate of the 21st
Century, Springer, 65–74, 1999.
Engelbrecht, J. P., Moosmüller, H., Pincock, S., Jayanty, R. K. M., Lersch, T., and Casuccio, G.: Technical note: Mineralogical, chemical, morphological, and optical interrelationships of mineral dust re-suspensions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 10809–10830, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10809-2016, 2016.
Fornaro, A. and Gutz, I. G. R.: Wet deposition and related atmospheric
chemistry in the São Paulo metropolis, Brazil: Part 2 – Contribution of
formic and acetic acids, Atmos. Environ. 37, 117–128,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00885-3, 2003.
Fu, H., Shang, G., Lin, J., Hu, Y., Hu, Q., Guo, L., Zhang, Y., and Chen,
J.: Fractional iron solubility of aerosol particles enhanced by biomass
burning and ship emission in Shanghai, East China, Sci. Total Environ., 481,
377–391, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.01.118, 2014.
Fu, H. B. and Chen, J. M.: Formation, features and controlling strategies of
severe haze-fog pollutions in China, Sci. Total Environ., 578, 121–138,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.201, 2016.
Garland, J. A.: Dry and wet removal of sulphur from the atmosphere, Sulfur in
the Atmosphere, 349–362, 1978.
Gerson, J. R., Driscoll, C. T., and Roy, K. M.: Patterns of nutrient dynamics
in Adirondack lakes recovering from acid deposition, Ecol. Appl., 26,
1758–1770, 2016.
Glavas, S. and Moschonas, N.: Origin of observed acidic–alkaline rains in a
wet-only precipitation study in a Mediterranean coastal site, Patras,
Greece, Atmos. Environ. 36, 3089–3099,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00262-5, 2002.
Gottwald, M. and Bovensmann, H.: SCIAMACHY: Exploring the Changing Earth's
Atmosphere, 1 Edn., Springer, ISBN 978-9-481-9895-5, 2011.
Grythe, H., Ström, J., Krejci, R., Quinn, P., and Stohl, A.: A review of sea-spray aerosol source functions using a large global set of sea salt aerosol concentration measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1277–1297, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1277-2014, 2014.
Gu, J., Pitz, M., Schnelle-Kreis, J., Diemer, J., Reller, A., Zimmermann,
R., Soentgen, J., Stoelzel, M., Wichmann, H. E., Peters, A., and Cyrys, J.:
Source apportionment of ambient particles: comparison of positive matrix
factorization analysis applied to particle size distribution and chemical
composition data. Atmos. Environ. 45, 1849–1857,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.01.009, 2011.
Gu, Y., Liao, H., and Bian, J.: Summertime nitrate aerosol in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere over the Tibetan Plateau and the South Asian summer monsoon region, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 6641–6663, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-6641-2016, 2016.
Gupta, D., Eom, H.-J., Cho, H.-R., and Ro, C.-U.: Hygroscopic behavior of NaCl–MgCl2 mixture particles as nascent sea-spray aerosol surrogates and observation of efflorescence during humidification, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 11273–11290, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11273-2015, 2015.
Hao, G. J., Zhou, J. Q., and Fang, H. L.: Applicability of AB-DTPA method for
determining the available content of multi-element in typical soils in
China, Acta Agr. Shanghai, 32, 100–107, 2016 (in Chinese).
Hua, S., Tian, H., Wang, K., Zhu, C., Gao, J., Ma, Y., Xue, Y., Wang, Y.,
Duan, S., and Zhou, J.: Atmospheric emission inventory of hazardous air
pollutants from China's cement plants: Temporal trends, spatial variation
characteristics and scenario projections, Atmos. Environ., 128, 1–9,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.12.056, 2016.
Hunová, I., Maznová, J., and Kurfürst, P.: Trends in atmospheric
deposition fluxes of sulphur and nitrogen in Czech forests, Environ.
Pollut., 184, 668–675,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.05.013, 2014.
Ito, M., Mitchell, M., and Driscoll, C. T.: Spatial patterns of precipitation
quantity and chemistry and air temperature in the Adirondack region of New
York, Atmos. Environ. 36, 1051–1062,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00484-8, 2002.
Jia, Y., Yu, G., He, N., Zhan, X., Fang, H., Sheng, W., Zuo, Y., Zhang, D.,
and Wang, Q.: Spatial and decadal variations in inorganic nitrogen wet
deposition in China induced by human activity, Sci. Rep., 4, 3763,
https://doi.org/10.1038/srep03763, 2014.
Jiang, Z., Lian, Y., and Qin, X.: Rocky desertification in Southwest China:
impacts, causes, and restoration, Earth-Sci. Rev., 132, 1–12,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.01.005, 2014.
Kang, L. T., Huang, J. P., Chen, S. Y., and Wang, X.: Long-term trends of dust
events over Tibetan Plateau during 1961–2010, Atmos. Environ., 125,
188–198, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.10.085, 2016.
Kang, Y., Liu, M., Song, Y., Huang, X., Yao, H., Cai, X., Zhang, H., Kang, L., Liu, X., Yan, X., He, H., Zhang, Q., Shao, M., and Zhu, T.: High-resolution ammonia emissions inventories in China from 1980 to 2012, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 2043–2058, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2043-2016, 2016.
Kabatas, B., Unal, A., Pierce, R. B., Kindap, T., and Pozzoli, L.: The
contribution of Saharan dust in PM10 concentration levels in Anatolian
Peninsula of Turkey, Sci. Total Environ., 488, 413–421,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.045, 2014.
Kchih, H., Perrino, C., and Cherif, S.: Investigation of desert dust
contribution to source apportionment of PM10 and PM2.5 from a
southern Mediterranean coast, Aerosol Air Qual. Res., 15, 454–464,
https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2014.10.0255, 2015.
Keene, W. C., Pszenny, A. A. P., Galloway, J. N., and Hawley, M. E.:
Sea-salt corrections and interpretation of constituent ratios in marine
precipitation, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 91, 6647–6658,
https://doi.org/10.1029/JD091iD06p06647, 1986.
Kong, S., Ji, Y., Lu, B., Chen, L., Han, B., Li, Z., and Bai, Z.:
Characterization of PM10 source profiles for fugitive dust in Fushun – a
city famous for coal, Atmos. Environ., 45, 5351–5365,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.06.050, 2011.
Kobbing, J. F., Patuzzi, F., Baratieri, M., Beckmann, V., Thevs, N., and Zerbe,
S.: Economic evaluation of common reed potential for energy production: a
case study in Wuliangsuhai Lake (Inner Mongolia, China), Biomass Bioenerg.,
70, 315–329, 2014.
Kulshrestha, U. C., Sarkar, A. K., Srivastava, S. S., and Parashar, D. C.: Wet-only
and bulk deposition studies at New Delhi (India), Water Air Soil Pollut.,
85, 2137–2142, 1995.
Kuribayashi, M., Ohara, T., Morino, Y., Uno, I., Kurokawa, J. I., and Hara, H.:
Long-term trends of sulfur deposition in East Asia during 1981–2005, Atmos.
Environ., 59, 461–475,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.04.060, 2012.
Kuang, F. H., Liu, X. J., Zhu, B., Shen, J., Pan, Y., and Su, M.: Wet and dry
nitrogen deposition in the central Sichuan Basin of China, Atmos. Environ.
143, 39–50, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.08.032,
2016.
Lawson, D. R. and Winchester, J. W.: A standard crustal aerosol as a reference
for elemental enrichment factors, Atmos. Environ., 13, 925–930, 1979.
Larssen, T. and Carmichael, G.: Acid rain and acidification in China: the
importance of base cation deposition, Environ. Pollut., 110, 89–102,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(99)00279-1, 2000.
Larssen, T., Seip, H. M., Semb, A., Mulder, J., Muniz, I. P., Vogt, R. D.,
Lydersen, E., Angell, V., Dagang, T., and Eilertsen, O.: Acid deposition and its
effects in China: an overview, Environ. Sci. Policy, 2, 9–24, 1999.
Leng, Q. M., Cui, J., Zhou, F. W., Du, K., Zhang, L. Y., Fu, C., Liu, Y., Wang,
H. B., Shi, G. M., Gao, M., Yang, F. M., and He, D. Y.: Wet-only deposition of
atmospheric inorganic nitrogen and associated isotopic characteristics in a
typical mountain area, southwestern China, Sci. Total Environ., 616, 55–63,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.240, 2018.
Le Bolloch, O. and Guerzoni, S.: Acid and alkaline deposition in precipitation
on the western coast of Sardinia, Central Mediterranean (40∘ N, 81∘ E), Water
Air Soil Poll., 85, 2155–2160, 1995.
Li, C. L., Kang, S. C., Zhang, Q. G., and Kaspari, S.: Major ionic composition of
precipitation in the Nam Co region, Central Tibetan Plateau, Atmos. Res., 85,
351–360, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2007.02.006, 2007.
Li, R., Cui, L., Li, J., Zhao, A., Fu, H., Wu, Y., Zhang, L., Kong, L.,
and Chen, J.: Spatial and temporal variation of particulate matter and gaseous
pollutants in China during 2014–2016, Atmos. Environ., 161, 235–246,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.05.008, 2017a.
Li, R., Li, J. L., Cui, L. L., Wu, Y., Fu, H. B., Chen, J. M., and Chen, M. D.:
Atmospheric emissions of Cu and Zn from coal combustion in China:
Spatio-temporal distribution, human health effects, and short-term
prediction, Environ. Pollut., 229, 724–734,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.05.068, 2017b.
Li, X., Wang, L., Ji, D., Wen, T., Pan, Y., Sun, Y., and Wang, Y.:
Characterization of the size-segregated water-soluble inorganic ions in the
Jing-Jin-Ji urban agglomeration: Spatial/temporal variability, size
distribution and sources, Atmos. Environ., 77, 250–259,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.03.042, 2013.
Li, Y., Meng, J., Liu, J., Xu, Y., Guan, D., Tao, W., Huang, Y., and Tao, S.:
Interprovincial reliance for improving air quality in China: a case study on
black carbon aerosol, Environ. Sci. Technol., 50, 4118–4126,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b05989, 2016.
Li, Z., Ma, Z., vander Kuijp, T., Yuan, Z. W., and Huang, L.: A review of soil
heavy metal pollution from mines in China: Pollution and health risk
assessment, Sci. Total Environ., 468, 843–853,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.068, 2014.
Li, Z. Y., Wang, Z. L., Li, R. J., and Xu, Q. H.: The analysis of element content in
the soil of 29 provinces/municipality/autonomous region in China, Shanghai
agriculture technology, 1992 (in Chinese).
Lim, B., Jickells, T., and Davies, T.: Sequential sampling of particles, major
ions and total trace metals in wet deposition, Atmos. Environ. A-Gen., 25, 745–762, 1991.
Link, M. F., Kim, J., Park, G., Lee, T., Park, T., Babar, Z. B., Sung, K.,
Kim, P., Kang, S., and Kim, J. S.: Elevated production of NH4–NO3 from
the photochemical processing of vehicle exhaust: Implications for air
quality in the Seoul Metropolitan Region, Atmos. Environ., 156, 95–101,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.02.031, 2017.
Liu, F., Zhang, Q., Tong, D., Zheng, B., Li, M., Huo, H., and He, K. B.: High-resolution inventory of technologies, activities, and emissions of coal-fired power plants in China from 1990 to 2010, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 13299–13317, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-13299-2015, 2015.
Liu, F., Beirle, S., Zhang, Q., van der A, R. J., Zheng, B., Tong, D., and He, K.: NOx emission trends over Chinese cities estimated from OMI observations during 2005 to 2015, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 9261–9275, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-9261-2017, 2017.
Liu, L., Zhang, X. Y., Wang, S. Q., Zhang, W. T., and Lu, X. H.: Bulk sulfur
deposition in China, Atmos. Environ., 135, 41–49,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.04.003, 2016.
Liu, P., Zhang, C., Mu, Y., Liu, C., Xue, C., Ye, C., Liu, J., Zhang, Y., and Zhang, H.: The possible contribution of the periodic emissions from farmers' activities in the North China Plain to atmospheric water-soluble ions in Beijing, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 10097–10109, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10097-2016, 2016.
Liu, P., Zhang, C., Xue, C., Mu, Y., Liu, J., Zhang, Y., Tian, D., Ye, C., Zhang, H., and Guan, J.: The contribution of residential coal combustion to atmospheric PM2.5 in northern China during winter, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 11503–11520, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-11503-2017, 2017.
Liu, X., Ju, X., Zhang, Y., He, C., Kopsch, J., and Fusuo, Z.: Nitrogen
deposition in agroecosystems in the Beijing area, Agr. Ecosyst. Environ.,
113, 370–377, 2006.
Liu, X., Duan, L., Mo, J., Du, E., Shen, J., Lu, X., Zhang, Y., and Zhou, X.,
He, C., Zhang, F.: Nitrogen deposition and its ecological impact in China:
an overview, Environ. Pollut., 159, 2251–2264,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2010.08.002, 2011.
Liu, X., Zhang, Y., Han, W., Tang, A., Shen, J., Cui, Z., Vitousek, P.,
Erisman, J. W., Goulding, K., and Christie, P.: Enhanced nitrogen deposition over
China, Nature, 494, 459–462,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11917, 2013.
Liu, Y. W., Xu-Ri, Wang, Y. S., Pan, Y. P., and Piao, S. L.: Wet deposition of atmospheric inorganic nitrogen at five remote sites in the Tibetan Plateau, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 11683–11700, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11683-2015, 2015.
Lu, X., Li, L. Y., Li, N., Yang, G., Luo, D., and Chen, J.: Chemical
characteristics of spring precipitation of Xi'an city, NW China, Atmos.
Environ., 45, 5058–5063,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.06.026, 2011.
Lu, X., Mao, Q., Gilliam, F. S., Luo, Y., and Mo, J.: Nitrogen deposition
contributes to soil acidification in tropical ecosystems, Global Change
Biol., 20, 3790–3801, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12665,
2014.
Lu, Z., Streets, D. G., Zhang, Q., Wang, S., Carmichael, G. R., Cheng, Y. F., Wei, C., Chin, M., Diehl, T., and Tan, Q.: Sulfur dioxide emissions in China and sulfur trends in East Asia since 2000, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 6311–6331, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-6311-2010, 2010.
Luo, X. S., Xue, Y., Wang, Y. L., Cang, L., Xu, B., and Ding, J.: Source
identification and apportionment of heavy metals in urban soil profiles,
Chemosphere, 127, 152–157,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.01.048, 2015.
Lyu, X., Chen, N., Guo, H., Zeng, L., Zhang, W., Shen, F., Quan, J., and Wang, N.: Chemical characteristics and causes of airborne particulate pollution in warm seasons in Wuhan, central China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 10671–10687, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10671-2016, 2016.
Lyu, Y., Qu, Z., Liu, L., Guo, L., Yang, Y., Hu, X., Xiong, Y., Zhang, G.,
Zhao, M., and Liang, B.: Characterization of dustfall in rural and urban sites
during three dust storms in northern China, 2010, Aeolian Res., 28, 29–37,
2017.
McGlade, C. and Ekins, P.: The geographical distribution of fossil fuels unused
when limiting global warming to 2 ∘C, Nature, 517, 187–190,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14016, 2015.
Müller, W. E., Tolba, E., Feng, Q., Schröder, H. C., Markl, J. S.,
Kokkinopoulou, M., and Wang, X.: Amorphous Ca2+ polyphosphate nanoparticles
regulate the ATP level in bone-like SaOS-2 cells, J. Cell Sci., 128,
2202–2207, 2015.
Migliavacca, D., Teixeira, E., Wiegand, F., Machado, A., and Sanchez, J.:
Atmospheric precipitation and chemical composition of an urban site, Guaiba
hydrographic basin, Brazil, Atmos. Environ., 39, 1829–1844,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.12.005, 2005.
Mikhailova, E., Goddard, M., Post, C., Schlautman, M., and Galbraith, J.:
Potential contribution of combined atmospheric Ca2+ and Mg2+ wet
deposition within the continental US to soil inorganic carbon sequestration,
Pedosphere, 23, 808–814, 2013.
National Bureau of Statistics of China, available at: http://data.stats.gov.cn/, 2010–2016 (Chinese).
Négrel, P., Guerrot, C., and Millot, R.: Chemical and strontium isotope
characterization of precipitation in France: influence of sources and
hydrogeochemical implications, Isot. Environ. Healt., 43, 179–196, 2007.
Nayebare, S. R., Aburizaiza, O. S., Khwaja, H. A., Siddique, A., Hussain, M. M.,
Zeb, J., Khatib, F., Carpenter, D. O., and Blake, D. R.: Chemical characterization
and source apportionment of PM2.5 in Rabigh, Saudi Arabia, Aerosol Air
Qual Re., 16, 3114–3129, https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2015.11.0658, 2016.
Niu, H. W., He, Y. Q., Lu, X. X., Shen, J., Du, J. K., Zhang, T., Pu, T., Xin,
H. J., and Chang, L.: Chemical composition of precipitation in the Yulong Snow
Mountain region, Southwestern China, Atmos. Res. 144, 195–206,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2014.03.010, 2014.
Okuda, T., Iwase, T., Ueda, H., Suda, Y., Tanaka, S., Dokiya, Y., Fushimi,
K., and Hosoe, M.: Long-term trend of chemical constituents in precipitation in
Tokyo metropolitan area, Japan, from 1990 to 2002, Sci. Total Environ.
339, 127–141,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.07.024, 2005.
Padoan, E., Ajmone-Marsan, F., Querol, X., and Amato, F.: An empirical model to
predict road dust emissions based on pavement and traffic characteristics,
Environ. Pollut., 237, 713–720,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.115, 2017.
Pan, Y. P., Wang, Y. S., Tang, G. Q., and Wu, D.: Spatial distribution and temporal variations of atmospheric sulfur deposition in Northern China: insights into the potential acidification risks, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 1675–1688, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-1675-2013, 2013.
Prather, K. A., Bertram, T. H., Grassian, V. H., Deane, G. B., Stokes, M. D.,
DeMott, P. J., Aluwihare, L. I., Palenik, B. P., Azam, F., and Seinfeld, J. H.:
Bringing the ocean into the laboratory to probe the chemical complexity of
sea spray aerosol, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 110, 7550–7555,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1300262110, 2013.
Pu, W., Quan, W., Ma, Z., Shi, X., Zhao, X., Zhang, L., Wang, Z., and Wang, W.:
Long-term trend of chemical composition of atmospheric precipitation at a
regional background station in Northern China, Sci. Total Environ., 580,
1340–1350, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.097,
2017.
Qiao, T., Zhao, M., Xiu, G., Yu, J.: Seasonal variations of water soluble
composition (WSOC, Hulis and WSIIs) in PM1 and its implications on haze
pollution in urban Shanghai, China, Atmos. Environ., 123, 306–314,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.03.010, 2015.
Qiao, X., Du, J., Kota, S.H., Ying, Q., Xiao, W. Y., and Tang, Y.: Wet deposition
of sulfur and nitrogen in Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve, Sichuan, China
during 2015–2016: Possible effects from regional emission reduction and
local tourist activities, Environ. Pollut., 233, 267–277,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.041, 2018.
Rao, W., Han, G., Tan, H., and Jiang, S.: Chemical and Sr isotopic compositions
of precipitation on the Ordos Desert Plateau, Northwest China, Environ.
Earth Sci., 74, 5759–5771, 2015.
Ren, D., Zhao, F., Dai, S., Zhang, J., and Luo, K.: Trace Element Geochemical in: Coal, Science Press, Beijing, China, 556 pp., 2006.
Russell, K. M., Galloway, J. N., Macko, S. A., Moody, J. L., and Scudlark, J. R.:
Sources of nitrogen in wet deposition to the Chesapeake Bay region, Atmos.
Environ., 32, 2453–2465,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00044-2, 1998.
Seinfeld, J. H.: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics of Air Pollution John
Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 50–51, 1986.
Shen, Z., Sun, J., Cao, J., Zhang, L., Zhang, Q., Lei, Y., Gao, J., Huang,
R.-J., Liu, S., and Huang, Y.: Chemical profiles of urban fugitive dust
PM2.5 samples in Northern Chinese cities, Sci. Total Environ., 569,
619–626, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.156, 2016.
Shi, C. W., Zhao, L. Z., Guo, X. B., Gao, S., Yang, J. P., and Li, J. H.: The
distribution characteristic and influential factors of background values for
elements in Shanxi province, Agro-environmental Protection, 15, 24–28, 1996.
Shi, G. L., Liu, G. R., Peng, X., Wang, Y. N., Tian, Y. Z., Wang, W., and Feng,
Y. C.: A comparison of multiple combined models for source apportionment,
including the PCA/MLR-CMB, UNMIX-CMB and PMF-CMB Models, Aerosol Air Qual.
R., 14, 2040–2050, 2014.
Sickles II, J. E. and Shadwick, D. S.: Air quality and atmospheric deposition in the eastern US: 20 years of change, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 173–197, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-173-2015, 2015.
Simkin, S. M., Allen, E. B., Bowman, W. D., Clark, C. M., Belnap, J., Brooks, M. L., Cade, B. S., Collins, S. L., Geiser, L. H., and Gilliam, F. S.:
Conditional vulnerability of plant diversity to atmospheric nitrogen
deposition across the United States, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 113,
4086–4091, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1515241113, 2016.
Singh, A. and Agrawal, M.: Acid rain and its ecological consequences, J.
Environ. Biol., 29, 15–24, 2008.
Smith, S. J., van Aardenne, J., Klimont, Z., Andres, R. J., Volke, A., and Delgado Arias, S.: Anthropogenic sulfur dioxide emissions: 1850–2005, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 1101–1116, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-1101-2011, 2011.
Song, F. and Gao, Y.: Chemical characteristics of precipitation at metropolitan
Newark in the US East Coast, Atmos. Environ., 43, 4903–4913,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.07.024, 2009.
Song, H., Zhang, K., Piao, S., and Wan, S.: Spatial and temporal variations of
spring dust emissions in northern China over the last 30 years, Atmos.
Environ., 126, 117–127,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.11.052, 2016.
Song, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, S., Zeng, L., Zheng, M., Salmon, L. G., Shao, M.,
and Slanina, S.: Source apportionment of PM2.5 in Beijing by positive
matrix factorization, Atmos. Environ., 40, 1526–1537,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.10.039, 2006.
Sun, L., Li, L., Chen, Z., Wang, J., and Xiong, Z.: Combined effects of nitrogen
deposition and biochar application on emissions of N2O, CO2 and
NH3 from agricultural and forest soils, Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 60,
254–265, 2014.
Sun, S. D., Jiang, W., and Gao, W. D.: Vehicle emission trends and spatial
distribution in Shandong province, China, from 2000 to 2014, Atmos.
Environ., 147, 190–199,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.09.065, 2016.
Song, M. L., Zhang, W., and Wang, S. H.: Inflection point of environmental Kuznets
curve in Mainland China, Energ. Policy, 57, 14–20, 2013.
Song, L., Kuang, F. H., Skiba, U., Zhu, B., Liu, X. J., Levy, P., Dore, A.,
and Fowler, D.: Bulk deposition of organic and inorganic nitrogen in southwest
China from 2008 to 2013, Environ. Pollut., 227, 157–166,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.031, 2017.
Tai, A. P., Mickley, L. J., and Jacob, D. J.: Correlations between fine particulate
matter (PM2.5) and meteorological variables in the United States:
Implications for the sensitivity of PM2.5 to climate change, Atmos.
Environ., 44, 3976–3984,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.06.060, 2010.
Tao, J., Zhang, L., Zhang, R., Wu, Y., Zhang, Z., Zhang, X., Tang, Y., Cao,
J., and Zhang, Y.: Uncertainty assessment of source attribution of PM2.5
and its water-soluble organic carbon content using different biomass burning
tracers in positive matrix factorization analysis-A case study in Beijing,
China, Sci. Total Environ., 543, 326–335,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.057, 2016.
Teinilä, K., Frey, A., Hillamo, R., Tülp, H. C., and Weller, R.: A study
of the sea-salt chemistry using size-segregated aerosol measurements at
coastal Antarctic station Neumayer, Atmos. Environ., 96, 11–19,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.07.025, 2014.
Teng, X., Hu, Q., Zhang, L., Qi, J., Shi, J., Xie, H., Gao, H., and Yao, X.:
Identification of major sources of atmospheric NH3 in an urban environment
in northern China during wintertime, Environ. Sci. Technol., 51,
6839–6848, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b00328, 2017.
Tian, H., Gao, J., Lu, L., Zhao, D., Cheng, K., and Qiu, P.: Temporal trends and
spatial variation characteristics of hazardous air pollutant emission
inventory from municipal solid waste incineration in China, Environ. Sci.
Technol., 46, 10364–10371, https://doi.org/10.1021/es302343s, 2012.
Tian, H., Liu, K., Hao, J., Wang, Y., Gao, J., Qiu, P., and Zhu, C.: Nitrogen
oxides emissions from thermal power plants in China: Current status and
future predictions, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 11350–11357,
https://doi.org/10.1021/es402202d, 2013.
Tian, H., Liu, K., Zhou, J., Lu, L., Hao, J., Qiu, P., Gao, J., Zhu, C.,
Wang, K., and Hua, S.: Atmospheric Emission Inventory of Hazardous Trace
Elements from China's Coal-Fired Power Plants Temporal Trends and Spatial
Variation Characteristics, Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 3575–3582,
https://doi.org/10.1021/es404730j, 2014.
Turekian, K. K.: Oceans, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, United States, 591 pp., 1968.
Tsai, Y. I., Hsieh, L. Y., Kuo, S. C., Chen, C. L., and Wu, P. L.: Seasonal and
rainfall-type variations in inorganic ions and dicarboxylic acids and
acidity of wet deposition samples collected from subtropical East Asia,
Atmos. Environ. 45, 3535–3547,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.04.001, 2011.
Vašát, R., Pavlů, L., Borůvka, L., Tejnecký, V., and
Nikodem, A.: Modelling the impact of acid deposition on forest soils in
north Bohemian Mountains with two dynamic models: The Very Simple Dynamic
Model (VSD) and the Model of Acidification of Groundwater in Catchments
(MAGIC), Soil Water Res., 10, 10–18, 2015.
Velthof, G., Lesschen, J., Webb, J., Pietrzak, S., Miatkowski, Z., Pinto,
M., Kros, J., and Oenema, O.: The impact of the nitrates directive on
nitrogen emissions from agriculture in the EU-27 during 2000–2008, Sci.
Total Environ., 468, 1225–1233,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.04.058, 2014.
Wang, Q.: Effects of urbanisation on energy consumption in China, Energ.
Policy, 65, 332–339, 2014.
Wang, W. X. and Xu, P. J.: Research Progress in Precipitation Chemistry in
China, Progress in Chemistry, 16 pp., 2009.
Wang, F. Y., Liu, R. J., Lin, X. G., and Zhou, J. M.: Arbuscular mycorrhizal
status of wild plants in saline-alkaline soils of the Yellow River Delta,
Mycorrhiza, 14, 133–137, 2004.
Wang, H., An, J., Cheng, M., Shen, L., Zhu, B., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Duan, Q.,
Sullivan, A., and Xia, L.: One year online measurements of water-soluble
ions at the industrially polluted town of Nanjing, China: Sources, seasonal
and diurnal variations, Chemosphere, 148, 526–536,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.01.066, 2016.
Wang, K., Tian, H., Hua, S., Zhu, C., Gao, J., Xue, Y., Hao, J., Wang, Y.,
and Zhou, J.: A comprehensive emission inventory of multiple air pollutants
from iron and steel industry in China: temporal trends and spatial variation
characteristics, Sci. Total Environ., 559, 7–14,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.125, 2016.
Wang, J., Qiu, Y., He, S. T., Liu, N., Xiao, C. Y., and Liu, L. X.:
Investigating the driving forces of NOx generation from energy
consumption in China, J. Clean. Prod., 184, 836–846, 2018.
Wang, Q., Zhuang, G., Huang, K., Liu, T., Deng, C., Xu, J., Lin, Y., Guo,
Z., Chen, Y., and Fu, Q.: Probing the severe haze pollution in three typical
regions of China: Characteristics, sources and regional impacts, Atmos.
Environ., 120, 76–88,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.08.076, 2015.
Wang, S., Luo, K., Wang, X., and Sun, Y.:, Estimate of sulfur, arsenic,
mercury, fluorine emissions due to spontaneous combustion of coal gangue: An
important part of Chinese emission inventories, Environ. Pollut., 209,
107–113, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2015.11.026, 2016.
Wang, X., Pu, W., Shi, J., Bi, J., Zhou, T., Zhang, X., and Ren, Y.: A
comparison of the physical and optical properties of anthropogenic air
pollutants and mineral dust over Northwest China, Acta Meteorol Sin., 29,
180–200, 2015.
Wang, Y., Wang, R., Ming, J., Liu, G., Chen, T., Liu, X., Liu, H., Zhen, Y.,
and Cheng, G.:, Effects of dust storm events on weekly clinic visits related
to pulmonary tuberculosis disease in Minqin, China, Atmos. Environ., 127,
205–212, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.12.041, 2016.
Wang, Y., Xue, Y., Tian, H., Gao, J., Chen, Y., Zhu, C., Liu, H., Wang, K.,
Hua, S., and Liu, S.: Effectiveness of temporary control measures for
lowering PM2.5 pollution in Beijing and the implications, Atmos.
Environ., 157, 75–83,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.03.017, 2017.
Wei, F. S., Chen, J. S., Wu, Y. Y., and Zheng, C. J.: The study of background
value in soil across China, Environ. Sci., 12, 12–20, 1991 (in Chinese).
Wei, F. S., Yang, G. Z., Jiang, D. Z., Liu, Z. H., and Sun, B. M.: The basic
statistics and characteristics of soil elements in China, Environ. Mon.
China., 7, 1–6, 1991 (in Chinese).
Wu, J., Li, P., Qian, H., Duan, Z., and Zhang, X.: Using correlation and
multivariate statistical analysis to identify hydrogeochemical processes
affecting the major ion chemistry of waters: a case study in Laoheba
phosphorite mine in Sichuan, China, Arab. J. Geosci., 7, 3973–3982, 2014.
Wu, Q. and Han, G.: Sulfur isotope and chemical composition of the
precipitation at the Three Gorges Reservoir, Atmos. Res., 155, 130–140,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2014.11.020, 2015.
Wu, J., Liang, G., Hui, D., Deng, Q., Xiong, X., Qiu, Q., Liu, J., Chu, G.,
Zhou, G., and Zhang, D.: Prolonged acid rain facilitates soil organic carbon
accumulation in a mature forest in Southern China, Sci. Total Environ., 544,
94–102, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.025, 2016a.
Wu, X. M., Wu, Y., Zhang, S. J., Liu, H., Fu, L. X., and Hao, J. M.: Assessment
of vehicle emission programs in China during 1998–2013: achievement,
challenges and implications, Environ. Pollut., 214, 556–567,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.04.042, 2016b.
Xiao, H. W., Xiao, H. Y., Long, A. M., Wang, Y. L., and Liu, C. Q.: Sources and
meteorological factors that control seasonal variation of δ34S
values in precipitation, Atmos. Res., 149, 154–165,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2014.06.003, 2014.
Xing, J., Song, J., Yuan, H., Li, X., Li, N., Duan, L., Kang, X., and Wang,
Q.: Fluxes, seasonal patterns and sources of various nutrient species
(nitrogen, phosphorus and silicon) in atmospheric wet deposition and their
ecological effects on Jiaozhou Bay, North China, Sci. Total Environ., 576,
617–627, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.134, 2017.
Xu, P., Liao, Y. J., Lin, Y. H., Zhao, C. X., Yan, C. H., Cao, M. N., Wang, G. S., and Luan, S. J.: High-resolution inventory of ammonia emissions from agricultural fertilizer in China from 1978 to 2008, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 1207–1218, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-1207-2016, 2016.
Xu, W., Luo, X. S., Pan, Y. P., Zhang, L., Tang, A. H., Shen, J. L., Zhang, Y., Li, K. H., Wu, Q. H., Yang, D. W., Zhang, Y. Y., Xue, J., Li, W. Q., Li, Q. Q., Tang, L., Lu, S. H., Liang, T., Tong, Y. A., Liu, P., Zhang, Q., Xiong, Z. Q., Shi, X. J., Wu, L. H., Shi, W. Q., Tian, K., Zhong, X. H., Shi, K., Tang, Q. Y., Zhang, L. J., Huang, J. L., He, C. E., Kuang, F. H., Zhu, B., Liu, H., Jin, X., Xin, Y. J., Shi, X. K., Du, E. Z., Dore, A. J., Tang, S., Collett Jr., J. L., Goulding, K., Sun, Y. X., Ren, J., Zhang, F. S., and Liu, X. J.: Quantifying atmospheric nitrogen deposition through a nationwide monitoring network across China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 12345–12360, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-12345-2015, 2015.
Yan, W., Mayorga, E., Li, X., Seitzinger, S. P., and Bouwman, A.: Increasing
anthropogenic nitrogen inputs and riverine DIN exports from the Changjiang
River basin under changing human pressures, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 24, GB0A06, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GB003575, 2010.
Yang, K., Zhu, J., Gu, J., Yu, L., and Wang, Z.: Changes in soil phosphorus
fractions after 9 years of continuous nitrogen addition in a Larix gmelinii
plantation, Ann. For. Sci., 72, 435–442, 2015.
Yang, X., Shen, S. H., Ying, F., He, Q., Ali, M., Huo, W., and Liu, X. C.:
Spatial and temporal variations of blowing dust events in the Taklimakan
Desert, Theor. Appl. Clim., 125, 669–677, 2016.
Yang, Y., Zhou, R., Yan, Y., Yu, Y., Liu, J., Du, Z., and Wu, D.: Seasonal
variations and size distributions of water-soluble ions of atmospheric
particulate matter at Shigatse, Tibetan Plateau, Chemosphere, 145, 560–567,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.11.065, 2016.
Yang, X., Wang, S., Zhang, W., and Yu, J.: Are the temporal variation and
spatial variation of ambient SO2 concentrations determined by different
factors?, J. Clean Prod., 167, 824–836,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.08.215, 2017.
Yu, H. L., He, N. P., Wang, Q. F., Zhu, J. X., Xu, L., Zhu, Z. L., and Yu,
G. R.: Wet acid deposition in Chinese natural and agricultural ecosystems:
Evidence from national-scale monitoring, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 121, 1–11,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD024441, 2016.
Yu, H., He, N., Wang, Q., Zhu, J., Gao, Y., Zhang, Y., Jia, Y., and Yu, G.:
Development of atmospheric acid deposition in China from the 1990s to the
2010s, Environ. Pollut., 231, 182–190,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.014, 2017.
Yu, Y., Zhao, S., Wang, B., Fu, P., and He, J.: Pollution Characteristics
Revealed by Size Distribution Properties of Aerosol Particles at Urban and
Suburban Sites, Northwest China, Aerosol Air Qual Re., 17, 1784–1797,
https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2016.07.0330, 2017.
Zhai, P. M. and Li, X. Y.: On climate background of duststorms over northern
China, Acta Geogr. Sinica, 58, 1–7, 2003 (in Chinese).
Zhan, Y., Luo, Y. Z., Deng, X. F., Zhang, K. S., Zhang, M. H., Grieneisen, M. L.,
and Di, B. F.: Satellited-based estimates of daily NO2 exposure in
China using hybrid random forest and spatiotemporal Kriging model, Environ.
Sci. Tech., 52, 4180–4189, 2018.
Zhang, S. L. and Yang, G. Y.: Changes of background values of inorganic
elements in soils of gunagdong province, Soils, 44, 1009–1014, 2012 (in
Chinese).
Zhang, T., Cao, J., Tie, X., Shen, Z., Liu, S., Ding, H., Han, Y., Wang, G.,
Ho, K., and Qiang, J.: Water-soluble ions in atmospheric aerosols measured
in Xi'an, China: seasonal variations and sources, Atmos. Res., 102,
110–119, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2011.06.014, 2011.
Zhang, X., Chai, F., Wang, S., Sun, X., and Han, M.: Chemical
Characteristics of PM2.5 during 2015 Spring Festival in Beijing, China,
Aerosol Air Qual. Re., 17, 1169–1180, https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2016.08.0338, 2017.
Zhang, X.-X., Sharratt, B., Chen, X., Wang, Z.-F., Liu, L.-Y., Guo, Y.-H., Li, J., Chen, H.-S., and Yang, W.-Y.: Dust deposition and ambient PM10 concentration in northwest China: spatial and temporal variability, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 1699–1711, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-1699-2017, 2017.
Zhang, Y., Huang, W., Cai, T., Fang, D., Wang, Y., Song, J., Hu, M., and
Zhang, Y.: Concentrations and chemical compositions of fine particles
(PM2.5) during haze and non-haze days in Beijing, Atmos. Res., 174,
62–69, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2016.02.003, 2016.
Zhang, Y., Huang, W., Cai, T., Fang, D., Wang, Y., Song, J., Hu, M., and
Zhang, Y.: Observations of biomass burning tracers in PM2.5 at two
megacities in North China during 2014 APEC summit, Atmos. Environ., 169,
54–64, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.09.011, 2017.
Zhang, X., Chai, F., Wang, S., Sun, X., and Han, M.: Research progress of
acid precipitation in China, Environ. Sci. Res., 23, 527–532, 2010 (in
Chinese).
Zhang, Y. Y., Liu, J. F., Mu, Y. J., Pei, S. W., Lun, X. X., and Chai, F. H.:
Emissions of nitrous oxide, nitrogen oxides and ammonia from a maize field
in the North China Plain, Atmos. Environ., 45, 2956–2961,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.10.052, 2011.
Zhao, C. and Luo, K.: Sulfur, arsenic, fluorine and mercury emissions
resulting from coal-washing byproducts: A critical component of China's
emission inventory, Atmos. Environ., 152, 270–278,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.12.001, 2017.
Zhao, J., Zhang, F., Xu, Y., and Chen, J.: Characterization of water-soluble
inorganic ions in size-segregated aerosols in coastal city, Xiamen, Atmos.
Res., 99, 546–562,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2010.12.017, 2011.
Zhao, M., Wang, S., Tan, J., Hua, Y., Wu, D., and Hao, J.: Variation of
urban atmospheric ammonia pollution and its relation with PM2.5
chemical property in winter of Beijing, China, Aerosol Air Qual. Res.,
16, 1378–1389, https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2015.12.0699, 2016.
Zheng, B., Huo, H., Zhang, Q., Yao, Z. L., Wang, X. T., Yang, X. F., Liu, H., and He, K. B.: High-resolution mapping of vehicle emissions in China in 2008, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 9787–9805, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-9787-2014, 2014.
Zhou, Y., Zhao, Y., Mao, P., Zhang, Q., Zhang, J., Qiu, L., and Yang, Y.: Development of a high-resolution emission inventory and its evaluation and application through air quality modeling for Jiangsu Province, China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 211–233, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-211-2017, 2017a.
Zhou, Y., Xing, X., Lang, J., Chen, D., Cheng, S., Wei, L., Wei, X., and Liu, C.: A comprehensive biomass burning emission inventory with high spatial and temporal resolution in China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 2839–2864, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-2839-2017, 2017b.
Short summary
Acid deposition is still an important environmental issue in China. Rainwater samples in 320 cities in China were collected to determine the acidic ion concentrations and identify their spatiotemporal variations and sources. The higher acidic ions showed higher concentrations in winter. Furthermore, the highest acidic ion concentrations were mainly distributed in YRD and SB. These acidic ions were mainly sourced from industrial emissions and agricultural activities.
Acid deposition is still an important environmental issue in China. Rainwater samples in 320...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint