Articles | Volume 17, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-575-2017
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-575-2017
Research article
 | 
12 Jan 2017
Research article |  | 12 Jan 2017

Online single particle analysis of ice particle residuals from mountain-top mixed-phase clouds using laboratory derived particle type assignment

Susan Schmidt, Johannes Schneider, Thomas Klimach, Stephan Mertes, Ludwig Paul Schenk, Piotr Kupiszewski, Joachim Curtius, and Stephan Borrmann

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Subject: Aerosols | Research Activity: Laboratory Studies | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Chemistry (chemical composition and reactions)
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Cited articles

Abbatt, J. P., Benz, S., Cziczo, D. J., Kanji, Z., Lohmann, U., and Möhler, O.: Solid ammonium sulfate aerosols as ice nuclei: a pathway for cirrus cloud formation, Science, 313, 1770–1773, 2006.
Atkinson, J. D., Murray, B. J., Woodhouse, M. T., Whale, T. F., Baustian, K. J., Carslaw, K. S., Dobbie, S., O'Sullivan, D., and Malkin, T. L.: The importance of feldspar for ice nucleation by mineral dust in mixed-phase clouds, Nature, 498, 355–358, 2013.
Augustin-Bauditz, S., Wex, H., Kanter, S., Ebert, M., Niedermeier, D., Stolz, F., Prager, A., and Stratmann, F.: The immersion mode ice nucleation behavior of mineral dusts: A comparison of different pure and surface modified dusts, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 7375–7382, 2014.
Augustin-Bauditz, S., Wex, H., Denjean, C., Hartmann, S., Schneider, J., Schmidt, S., Ebert, M., and Stratmann, F.: Laboratory-generated mixtures of mineral dust particles with biological substances: characterization of the particle mixing state and immersion freezing behavior, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 5531–5543, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-5531-2016, 2016.
Bezdek, J. C., Ehrlich, R., and Full, W.: FCM: The fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm, Comp. Geosci., 10, 191–203, 1984.
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Short summary
Ice formation in clouds is an important process in the formation of precipitation, especially at midlatitudes, but the exact properties of the aerosol particles that initiate freezing is not fully understood. We analysed residual particles from ice crystals sampled from mixed phase clouds. The results show that the residues contain a larger relative amount of soil dust and minerals, but also particles from industrial emissions and lead-containing particles, than the out-of-cloud aerosol.
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