Articles | Volume 16, issue 10
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-6609-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-6609-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
31 May 2016
Research article |
| 31 May 2016
Effectiveness of replacing catalytic converters in LPG-fueled vehicles in Hong Kong
Xiaopu Lyu
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong
Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong
Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
Isobel J. Simpson
Department of Chemistry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
Simone Meinardi
Department of Chemistry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
Peter K. K. Louie
Environmental Protection Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative
Region, Hong Kong
Zhenhao Ling
School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou,
China
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong
Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
Ming Liu
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong
Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
Connie W. Y. Luk
Environmental Protection Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative
Region, Hong Kong
Nan Wang
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Numerical Weather
Prediction, Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology, Guangzhou, China
Donald R. Blake
Department of Chemistry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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45 citations as recorded by crossref.
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- Source apportionment of hourly-resolved ambient volatile organic compounds: Influence of temporal resolution Z. Li et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138243
- Long-term O<sub>3</sub>–precursor relationships in Hong Kong: field observation and model simulation Y. Wang et al. 10.5194/acp-17-10919-2017
- Hong Kong vehicle emission changes from 2003 to 2015 in the Shing Mun Tunnel X. Wang et al. 10.1080/02786826.2018.1456650
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- Air monitoring with passive samplers for volatile organic compounds in atmospheres close to petrochemical industrial areas. The case study of Tarragona (2019–2021) L. Vallecillos et al. 10.1016/j.apr.2023.101986
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- A remote sensing emissions monitoring programme reduces emissions of gasoline and LPG vehicles B. Organ et al. 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108614
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- The Human Exposure Potential from Propylene Releases to the Environment D. Morgott 10.3390/ijerph15010066
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- Remarkable Spring Increase Overwhelmed Hard-Earned Autumn Decrease in Ozone Pollution from 2005 to 2017 in Hong Kong, South China Y. Zeren et al. 10.2139/ssrn.3975616
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- Evidence for Reducing Volatile Organic Compounds to Improve Air Quality from Concurrent Observations and In Situ Simulations at 10 Stations in Eastern China X. Lyu et al. 10.1021/acs.est.2c04340
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- Combined effects of increased O3 and reduced NO2 concentrations on short-term air pollution health risks in Hong Kong M. Hossain et al. 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116280
- Evaluating the effectiveness of joint emission control policies on the reduction of ambient VOCs: Implications from observation during the 2014 APEC summit in suburban Beijing K. Li et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.05.050
- Photochemical evolution of continental air masses and their influence on ozone formation over the South China Sea Y. Wang et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.075
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- Causes of ozone pollution in summer in Wuhan, Central China P. Zeng et al. 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.05.042
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- Evaluating the effectiveness of multiple emission control measures on reducing volatile organic compounds in ambient air based on observational data: A case study during the 2010 Guangzhou Asian Games X. Huang et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138171
44 citations as recorded by crossref.
- In Situ Measurements of Molecular Markers Facilitate Understanding of Dynamic Sources of Atmospheric Organic Aerosols X. Lyu et al. 10.1021/acs.est.0c02277
- Source apportionment of hourly-resolved ambient volatile organic compounds: Influence of temporal resolution Z. Li et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138243
- Long-term O<sub>3</sub>–precursor relationships in Hong Kong: field observation and model simulation Y. Wang et al. 10.5194/acp-17-10919-2017
- Hong Kong vehicle emission changes from 2003 to 2015 in the Shing Mun Tunnel X. Wang et al. 10.1080/02786826.2018.1456650
- Remarkable Spring Increase Overwhelmed Hard-Earned Autumn Decrease in Ozone Pollution from 2005 to 2017 in Hong Kong, South China H. Guo et al. 10.2139/ssrn.3994604
- Air monitoring with passive samplers for volatile organic compounds in atmospheres close to petrochemical industrial areas. The case study of Tarragona (2019–2021) L. Vallecillos et al. 10.1016/j.apr.2023.101986
- Nepal Ambient Monitoring and Source Testing Experiment (NAMaSTE): emissions of trace gases and light-absorbing carbon from wood and dung cooking fires, garbage and crop residue burning, brick kilns, and other sources C. Stockwell et al. 10.5194/acp-16-11043-2016
- A remote sensing emissions monitoring programme reduces emissions of gasoline and LPG vehicles B. Organ et al. 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108614
- The characteristics and sources of roadside VOCs in Hong Kong: Effect of the LPG catalytic converter replacement programme L. Cui et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143811
- The Human Exposure Potential from Propylene Releases to the Environment D. Morgott 10.3390/ijerph15010066
- Tracking separate contributions of diesel and gasoline vehicles to roadside PM<sub>2.5</sub> through online monitoring of volatile organic compounds and PM<sub>2.5</sub> organic and elemental carbon: a 6-year study in Hong Kong Y. Wong et al. 10.5194/acp-20-9871-2020
- Impact of NOx reduction on long-term surface ozone pollution in roadside and suburban Hong Kong: Field measurements and model simulations L. Zeng et al. 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134816
- Investigation of the multi-year trend of surface ozone and ozone-precursor relationship in Hong Kong X. Feng et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2023.120139
- Remarkable Spring Increase Overwhelmed Hard-Earned Autumn Decrease in Ozone Pollution from 2005 to 2017 in Hong Kong, South China Y. Zeren et al. 10.2139/ssrn.3975616
- Temporal variations and source apportionment of volatile organic compounds at an urban site in Shijiazhuang, China Y. Guan et al. 10.1016/j.jes.2020.04.022
- Emissions of nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds from liquefied petroleum gas-fueled taxis under idle and cruising modes J. Feng et al. 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115623
- Research progresses on VOCs emission investigationsviasurface and satellite observations in China X. Li et al. 10.1039/D2EM00175F
- Evidence for Reducing Volatile Organic Compounds to Improve Air Quality from Concurrent Observations and In Situ Simulations at 10 Stations in Eastern China X. Lyu et al. 10.1021/acs.est.2c04340
- Source apportionments of atmospheric volatile organic compounds in Nanjing, China during high ozone pollution season M. Fan et al. 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128025
- Contributions of different anthropogenic volatile organic compound sources to ozone formation at a receptor site in the Pearl River Delta region and its policy implications Z. He et al. 10.5194/acp-19-8801-2019
- Insight into the Variability of the Nitrogen Isotope Composition of Vehicular NOx in China Z. Zong et al. 10.1021/acs.est.0c04749
- Ozone Formation at a Suburban Site in the Pearl River Delta Region, China: Role of Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds J. Wang et al. 10.3390/atmos14040609
- Photochemistry of Volatile Organic Compounds in the Yellow River Delta, China: Formation of O3 and Peroxyacyl Nitrates Y. Lee et al. 10.1029/2021JD035296
- Trends in onroad transportation energy and emissions H. Frey 10.1080/10962247.2018.1454357
- Characterization and source apportionment of volatile organic compounds in Hong Kong: A 5-year study for three different archetypical sites Y. Mai et al. 10.1016/j.jes.2024.03.003
- Intercomparison of O<sub>3</sub> formation and radical chemistry in the past decade at a suburban site in Hong Kong X. Liu et al. 10.5194/acp-19-5127-2019
- Remarkable spring increase overwhelmed hard-earned autumn decrease in ozone pollution from 2005 to 2017 at a suburban site in Hong Kong, South China Y. Zeren et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154788
- Combined effects of increased O3 and reduced NO2 concentrations on short-term air pollution health risks in Hong Kong M. Hossain et al. 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116280
- Evaluating the effectiveness of joint emission control policies on the reduction of ambient VOCs: Implications from observation during the 2014 APEC summit in suburban Beijing K. Li et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.05.050
- Photochemical evolution of continental air masses and their influence on ozone formation over the South China Sea Y. Wang et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.075
- Tropospheric volatile organic compounds in China H. Guo et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.116
- Continuous effectiveness of replacing catalytic converters on liquified petroleum gas-fueled vehicles in Hong Kong D. Yao et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.191
- Characteristics, sources and evolution processes of atmospheric organic aerosols at a roadside site in Hong Kong D. Yao et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118298
- Surface O3 photochemistry over the South China Sea: Application of a near-explicit chemical mechanism box model Y. Wang et al. 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.11.001
- Ambient VOCs in residential areas near a large-scale petrochemical complex: Spatiotemporal variation, source apportionment and health risk C. Hsu et al. 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.04.076
- Development and application of photocatalytic coating for roadside NOx mitigation in Hong Kong X. Li et al. 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108709
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- Assessment of atmospheric photochemical reactivity in the Yangtze River Delta using a photochemical box model W. Huang et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.105088
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- Formation mechanism of HCHO pollution in the suburban Yangtze River Delta region, China: A box model study and policy implementations K. Zhang et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118755
- Spatial variation of sources and photochemistry of formaldehyde in Wuhan, Central China P. Zeng et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.116826
- Evaluation of the effectiveness of air pollution control measures in Hong Kong X. Lyu et al. 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.09.025
- Characterization and sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and their related changes during ozone pollution days in 2016 in Beijing, China Y. Liu et al. 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113599
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Short summary
In this study, the effectiveness of a LPG converter replacement program was evaluated. It was found that LPG-related VOCs and NOx decreased significantly due to the implementation of the program. Source apportionment also revealed the reduction of VOCs and NOx in LPG-fueled vehicle exhaust. From before to during the program, O3 increased slightly, mainly due to the reduction of NOx in LPG-fueled vehicle exhaust. To retain zero O3 increment, the lowest reduction ratio of VOCs / NOx was determined.
In this study, the effectiveness of a LPG converter replacement program was evaluated. It was...
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