An overview of the first decade of PollyNET: an emerging network of automated Raman-polarization lidars for continuous aerosol profiling
Holger Baars1,Thomas Kanitz1,a,Ronny Engelmann1,Dietrich Althausen1,Birgit Heese1,Mika Komppula2,Jana Preißler4,b,Matthias Tesche7,c,Albert Ansmann1,Ulla Wandinger1,Jae-Hyun Lim5,Joon Young Ahn5,Iwona S. Stachlewska6,Vassilis Amiridis8,Eleni Marinou8,21,Patric Seifert1,Julian Hofer1,Annett Skupin1,Florian Schneider1,Stephanie Bohlmann1,Andreas Foth1,16,Sebastian Bley1,Anne Pfüller2,†,Eleni Giannakaki2,Heikki Lihavainen3,Yrjö Viisanen3,Rakesh Kumar Hooda3,12,Sérgio Nepomuceno Pereira4,Daniele Bortoli4,Frank Wagner4,20,Ina Mattis20,Lucja Janicka6,Krzysztof M. Markowicz6,Peggy Achtert7,d,Paulo Artaxo9,Theotonio Pauliquevis10,Rodrigo A. F. Souza11,Ved Prakesh Sharma12,Pieter Gideon van Zyl13,Johan Paul Beukes13,Junying Sun14,Erich G. Rohwer15,Ruru Deng17,Rodanthi-Elisavet Mamouri8,18,and Felix Zamorano19Holger Baars et al. Holger Baars1,Thomas Kanitz1,a,Ronny Engelmann1,Dietrich Althausen1,Birgit Heese1,Mika Komppula2,Jana Preißler4,b,Matthias Tesche7,c,Albert Ansmann1,Ulla Wandinger1,Jae-Hyun Lim5,Joon Young Ahn5,Iwona S. Stachlewska6,Vassilis Amiridis8,Eleni Marinou8,21,Patric Seifert1,Julian Hofer1,Annett Skupin1,Florian Schneider1,Stephanie Bohlmann1,Andreas Foth1,16,Sebastian Bley1,Anne Pfüller2,†,Eleni Giannakaki2,Heikki Lihavainen3,Yrjö Viisanen3,Rakesh Kumar Hooda3,12,Sérgio Nepomuceno Pereira4,Daniele Bortoli4,Frank Wagner4,20,Ina Mattis20,Lucja Janicka6,Krzysztof M. Markowicz6,Peggy Achtert7,d,Paulo Artaxo9,Theotonio Pauliquevis10,Rodrigo A. F. Souza11,Ved Prakesh Sharma12,Pieter Gideon van Zyl13,Johan Paul Beukes13,Junying Sun14,Erich G. Rohwer15,Ruru Deng17,Rodanthi-Elisavet Mamouri8,18,and Felix Zamorano19
1Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
2Finnish Meteorological Institute, Kuopio, Finland
3Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
4Évora University, Institute for Earth Sciences, Évora, Portugal
5National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
6Institute of Geophysics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
7Department for Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, and Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
8IAASARS, National Observatory of Athens, Athens, Greece
9Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
10Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo at Diadema, Diadema, Brazil
11Coordination of Meteorology, University of the State of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
12The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi, India
13Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
14Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, China
15Physics Department, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
16Leipzig Institute for Meteorology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
17School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
18Cyprus University of Technology, Department of Civil Engineering and Geomatics, Limassol, Cyprus
19Laboratory of Atmospheric Research, University of Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
20Hohenpeißenberg Meteorological Observatory, Deutscher Wetterdienst, Hohenpeißenberg, Germany
21Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
anow at: European Space Agency, ESTEC, Noordwijk, the Netherlands
bnow at: Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies, School of Physics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
cnow at: School of Physics, Astronomy and Mathematics, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
dnow at: School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
†deceased
Received: 10 Aug 2015 – Discussion started: 15 Oct 2015 – Revised: 09 Mar 2016 – Accepted: 30 Mar 2016 – Published: 25 Apr 2016
Abstract. A global vertically resolved aerosol data set covering more than 10 years of observations at more than 20 measurement sites distributed from 63°N to 52°S and 72°W to 124°E has been achieved within the Raman and polarization lidar network PollyNET. This network consists of portable, remote-controlled multiwavelength-polarization-Raman lidars (Polly) for automated and continuous 24/7 observations of clouds and aerosols. PollyNET is an independent, voluntary, and scientific network. All Polly lidars feature a standardized instrument design with different capabilities ranging from single wavelength to multiwavelength systems, and now apply unified calibration, quality control, and data analysis. The observations are processed in near-real time without manual intervention, and are presented online at http://polly.tropos.de/. The paper gives an overview of the observations on four continents and two research vessels obtained with eight Polly systems. The specific aerosol types at these locations (mineral dust, smoke, dust-smoke and other dusty mixtures, urban haze, and volcanic ash) are identified by their Ångström exponent, lidar ratio, and depolarization ratio. The vertical aerosol distribution at the PollyNET locations is discussed on the basis of more than 55000 automatically retrieved 30min particle backscatter coefficient profiles at 532nm as this operating wavelength is available for all Polly lidar systems. A seasonal analysis of measurements at selected sites revealed typical and extraordinary aerosol conditions as well as seasonal differences. These studies show the potential of PollyNET to support the establishment of a global aerosol climatology that covers the entire troposphere.
