Articles | Volume 16, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2819-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2819-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
The impact of snow nitrate photolysis on boundary layer chemistry and the recycling and redistribution of reactive nitrogen across Antarctica and Greenland in a global chemical transport model
Maria Zatko
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle,
USA
Lei Geng
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle,
USA
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle,
USA
Eric Sofen
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle,
USA
now at: MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA
Katarina Klein
Division of Glaciology, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for
Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
Related authors
Maria Zatko, Joseph Erbland, Joel Savarino, Lei Geng, Lauren Easley, Andrew Schauer, Timothy Bates, Patricia K. Quinn, Bonnie Light, David Morison, Hans D. Osthoff, Seth Lyman, William Neff, Bin Yuan, and Becky Alexander
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 13837–13851, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-13837-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-13837-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This manuscript presents chemical and optical observations collected in the air and snow during UBWOS2014 in eastern Utah. These observations are used to calculate fluxes of reactive nitrogen associated with snow nitrate photolysis. Snow-sourced reactive nitrogen fluxes are compared to reactive nitrogen emission inventories to find that snow-sourced reactive nitrogen is a minor contributor to the reactive nitrogen budget, and thus wintertime ground-level ozone formation, in the Uintah Basin.
L. Geng, J. Cole-Dai, B. Alexander, J. Erbland, J. Savarino, A. J. Schauer, E. J. Steig, P. Lin, Q. Fu, and M. C. Zatko
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 13361–13376, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13361-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13361-2014, 2014
Short summary
Short summary
Examinations on snowpit and firn core results from Summit, Greenland suggest that there are two mechanisms leading to the observed double nitrate peaks in some years in the industrial era: 1) long-rang transport of nitrate and 2) enhanced local photochemical production of nitrate. Both of these mechanisms are related to pollution transport, as the additional nitrate from either direct transport or enhanced local photochemistry requires enhanced nitrogen sources from anthropogenic emissions.
Linia Tashmim, William C. Porter, Qianjie Chen, Becky Alexander, Charles H. Fite, Christopher D. Holmes, Jeffrey R. Pierce, Betty Croft, and Sakiko Ishino
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3379–3403, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3379-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3379-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is mostly emitted from ocean surfaces and represents the largest natural source of sulfur for the atmosphere. Once in the atmosphere, DMS forms stable oxidation products such as SO2 and H2SO4, which can subsequently contribute to airborne particle formation and growth. In this study, we update the DMS oxidation mechanism in the chemical transport model GEOS-Chem and describe resulting changes in particle growth as well as the overall global sulfur budget.
Zhuang Jiang, Becky Alexander, Joel Savarino, and Lei Geng
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1054, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1054, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ice-core nitrate could track the past atmospheric NOx and oxidant level, but its interpretation is hampered by the post-depositional processing. In this work, an inverse model was developed and tested against two polar sites, and was shown to well reproduce the observed nitrate signals in snow and atmosphere, suggesting that the model can properly correct for the effect of post-depositional processing. This model offers a very useful tool for future studies on ice-core nitrate records.
William F. Swanson, Chris D. Holmes, William R. Simpson, Kaitlyn Confer, Louis Marelle, Jennie L. Thomas, Lyatt Jaeglé, Becky Alexander, Shuting Zhai, Qianjie Chen, Xuan Wang, and Tomás Sherwen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14467–14488, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14467-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14467-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Radical bromine molecules are seen at higher concentrations during the Arctic spring. We use the global model GEOS-Chem to test whether snowpack and wind-blown snow sources can explain high bromine concentrations. We run this model for the entire year of 2015 and compare results to observations of bromine from floating platforms on the Arctic Ocean and at Utqiaġvik. We find that the model performs best when both sources are enabled but may overestimate bromine production in summer and fall.
Yanzhi Cao, Zhuang Jiang, Becky Alexander, Jihong Cole-Dai, Joel Savarino, Joseph Erbland, and Lei Geng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13407–13422, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13407-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13407-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the potential of ice-core preserved nitrate isotopes as proxies of stratospheric ozone variability by measuring nitrate isotopes in a shallow ice core from the South Pole. The large variability in the snow accumulation rate and its slight increase after the 1970s masked any signals caused by the ozone hole. Moreover, the nitrate oxygen isotope decrease may reflect changes in the atmospheric oxidation environment in the Southern Ocean.
Zhuang Jiang, Joel Savarino, Becky Alexander, Joseph Erbland, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, and Lei Geng
The Cryosphere, 16, 2709–2724, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2709-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2709-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A record of year-round atmospheric nitrate isotopic composition along with snow nitrate isotopic data from Summit, Greenland, revealed apparent enrichments in nitrogen isotopes in snow nitrate compared to atmospheric nitrate, in addition to a relatively smaller degree of changes in oxygen isotopes. The results suggest that at this site post-depositional processing takes effect, which should be taken into account when interpreting ice-core nitrate isotope records.
Xuan Wang, Daniel J. Jacob, William Downs, Shuting Zhai, Lei Zhu, Viral Shah, Christopher D. Holmes, Tomás Sherwen, Becky Alexander, Mathew J. Evans, Sebastian D. Eastham, J. Andrew Neuman, Patrick R. Veres, Theodore K. Koenig, Rainer Volkamer, L. Gregory Huey, Thomas J. Bannan, Carl J. Percival, Ben H. Lee, and Joel A. Thornton
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 13973–13996, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13973-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13973-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Halogen radicals have a broad range of implications for tropospheric chemistry, air quality, and climate. We present a new mechanistic description and comprehensive simulation of tropospheric halogens in a global 3-D model and compare the model results with surface and aircraft measurements. We find that halogen chemistry decreases the global tropospheric burden of ozone by 11 %, NOx by 6 %, and OH by 4 %.
Andreas Tilgner, Thomas Schaefer, Becky Alexander, Mary Barth, Jeffrey L. Collett Jr., Kathleen M. Fahey, Athanasios Nenes, Havala O. T. Pye, Hartmut Herrmann, and V. Faye McNeill
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 13483–13536, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13483-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13483-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Feedbacks of acidity and atmospheric multiphase chemistry in deliquesced particles and clouds are crucial for the tropospheric composition, depositions, climate, and human health. This review synthesizes the current scientific knowledge on these feedbacks using both inorganic and organic aqueous-phase chemistry. Finally, this review outlines atmospheric implications and highlights the need for future investigations with respect to reducing emissions of key acid precursors in a changing world.
Zhuang Jiang, Becky Alexander, Joel Savarino, Joseph Erbland, and Lei Geng
The Cryosphere, 15, 4207–4220, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4207-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4207-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We used a snow photochemistry model (TRANSITS) to simulate the seasonal nitrate snow profile at Summit, Greenland. Comparisons between model outputs and observations suggest that at Summit post-depositional processing is active and probably dominates the snowpack δ15N seasonality. We also used the model to assess the degree of snow nitrate loss and the consequences in its isotopes at present and in the past, which helps for quantitative interpretations of ice-core nitrate records.
Kun Wang, Shohei Hattori, Mang Lin, Sakiko Ishino, Becky Alexander, Kazuki Kamezaki, Naohiro Yoshida, and Shichang Kang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 8357–8376, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8357-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8357-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Sulfate aerosols play an important climatic role and exert adverse effects on the ecological environment and human health. In this study, we present the triple oxygen isotopic composition of sulfate from the Mt. Everest region, southern Tibetan Plateau, and decipher the formation mechanisms of atmospheric sulfate in this pristine environment. The results indicate the important role of the S(IV) + O3 pathway in atmospheric sulfate formation promoted by conditions of high cloud water pH.
Jiayue Huang, Lyatt Jaeglé, Qianjie Chen, Becky Alexander, Tomás Sherwen, Mat J. Evans, Nicolas Theys, and Sungyeon Choi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 7335–7358, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7335-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7335-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Large-scale enhancements of tropospheric BrO and the depletion of surface ozone are often observed in the springtime Arctic. Here, we use a chemical transport model to examine the role of sea salt aerosol from blowing snow in explaining these phenomena. We find that our simulation can account for the spatiotemporal variability of satellite observations of BrO. However, the model has difficulty in producing the magnitude of observed ozone depletion events.
Havala O. T. Pye, Athanasios Nenes, Becky Alexander, Andrew P. Ault, Mary C. Barth, Simon L. Clegg, Jeffrey L. Collett Jr., Kathleen M. Fahey, Christopher J. Hennigan, Hartmut Herrmann, Maria Kanakidou, James T. Kelly, I-Ting Ku, V. Faye McNeill, Nicole Riemer, Thomas Schaefer, Guoliang Shi, Andreas Tilgner, John T. Walker, Tao Wang, Rodney Weber, Jia Xing, Rahul A. Zaveri, and Andreas Zuend
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 4809–4888, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4809-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4809-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Acid rain is recognized for its impacts on human health and ecosystems, and programs to mitigate these effects have had implications for atmospheric acidity. Historical measurements indicate that cloud and fog droplet acidity has changed in recent decades in response to controls on emissions from human activity, while the limited trend data for suspended particles indicate acidity may be relatively constant. This review synthesizes knowledge on the acidity of atmospheric particles and clouds.
Becky Alexander, Tomás Sherwen, Christopher D. Holmes, Jenny A. Fisher, Qianjie Chen, Mat J. Evans, and Prasad Kasibhatla
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 3859–3877, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-3859-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-3859-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrogen oxides are important for the formation of tropospheric oxidants and are removed from the atmosphere mainly through the formation of nitrate. We compare observations of the oxygen isotopes of nitrate with a global model to test our understanding of the chemistry nitrate formation. We use the model to quantify nitrate formation pathways in the atmosphere and identify key uncertainties and their relevance for the oxidation capacity of the atmosphere.
Mark O. Battle, J. William Munger, Margaret Conley, Eric Sofen, Rebecca Perry, Ryan Hart, Zane Davis, Jacob Scheckman, Jayme Woogerd, Karina Graeter, Samuel Seekins, Sasha David, and John Carpenter
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 8687–8701, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-8687-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-8687-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Predictions of global warming require predictions of how much CO2 will be taken up by the oceans, how much by land plants, and how much will stay in the atmosphere. Measurements of atmospheric oxygen (O2) help with these predictions if we also know the ratio of O2 release to CO2 uptake in land plants. We have measured this ratio in a midlatitude forest and find a lower value than the one in wide use. If truly applicable, our results call for a modest adjustment in the global carbon budget.
Lei Zhu, Daniel J. Jacob, Sebastian D. Eastham, Melissa P. Sulprizio, Xuan Wang, Tomás Sherwen, Mat J. Evans, Qianjie Chen, Becky Alexander, Theodore K. Koenig, Rainer Volkamer, L. Gregory Huey, Michael Le Breton, Thomas J. Bannan, and Carl J. Percival
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 6497–6507, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-6497-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-6497-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We quantify the effect of sea salt aerosol on tropospheric bromine chemistry with a new mechanistic description of the halogen chemistry in a global atmospheric chemistry model. For the first time, we are able to reproduce the observed levels of bromide activation from the sea salt aerosol in a manner consistent with bromine oxide radical measured from various platforms. Sea salt aerosol plays a far more complex role in global tropospheric chemistry than previously recognized.
Jingyuan Shao, Qianjie Chen, Yuxuan Wang, Xiao Lu, Pengzhen He, Yele Sun, Viral Shah, Randall V. Martin, Sajeev Philip, Shaojie Song, Yue Zhao, Zhouqing Xie, Lin Zhang, and Becky Alexander
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 6107–6123, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-6107-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-6107-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Sulfate is a key species contributing to particle formation and growth during wintertime Chinese haze events. This study combines observations and modeling of oxygen isotope signatures in sulfate aerosol to investigate its formation mechanisms, with a focus on heterogeneous production on aerosol surface via H2O2, O3, and NO2 and trace metal catalyzed oxidation. Contributions from different formation pathways are presented.
Xuan Wang, Daniel J. Jacob, Sebastian D. Eastham, Melissa P. Sulprizio, Lei Zhu, Qianjie Chen, Becky Alexander, Tomás Sherwen, Mathew J. Evans, Ben H. Lee, Jessica D. Haskins, Felipe D. Lopez-Hilfiker, Joel A. Thornton, Gregory L. Huey, and Hong Liao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 3981–4003, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3981-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3981-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Chlorine radicals have a broad range of implications for tropospheric chemistry, air quality, and climate. We present a comprehensive simulation of tropospheric chlorine in a global 3-D model, which includes explicit accounting of chloride mobilization from sea salt aerosol. We find the chlorine chemistry contributes 1.0 % of the global oxidation of methane and decreases global burdens of tropospheric ozone by 7 % and OH by 3 % through the associated bromine radical chemistry.
Qianjie Chen, Tomás Sherwen, Mathew Evans, and Becky Alexander
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 13617–13637, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-13617-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-13617-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Uncertainty in the natural tropospheric sulfur cycle represents the largest source of uncertainty in radiative forcing estimates of sulfate aerosol. This study investigates the natural sulfur cycle in the marine troposphere using the GEOS-Chem model. We found that BrO is important for DMS oxidation and multiphase chemistry is important for MSA production and loss, which have implications for the yield of SO2 and MSA from DMS oxidation and the radiative effect of DMS-derived sulfate aerosol.
Prasad Kasibhatla, Tomás Sherwen, Mathew J. Evans, Lucy J. Carpenter, Chris Reed, Becky Alexander, Qianjie Chen, Melissa P. Sulprizio, James D. Lee, Katie A. Read, William Bloss, Leigh R. Crilley, William C. Keene, Alexander A. P. Pszenny, and Alma Hodzic
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 11185–11203, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-11185-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-11185-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Recent measurements of NOx and HONO suggest that photolysis of particulate nitrate in sea-salt aerosols is important in terms of marine boundary layer oxidant chemistry. We present the first global-scale assessment of the significance of this new chemical pathway for NOx, O3, and OH in the marine boundary layer. We also present a preliminary assessment of the potential impact of photolysis of particulate nitrate associated with other aerosol types on continental boundary layer chemistry.
Pengzhen He, Becky Alexander, Lei Geng, Xiyuan Chi, Shidong Fan, Haicong Zhan, Hui Kang, Guangjie Zheng, Yafang Cheng, Hang Su, Cheng Liu, and Zhouqing Xie
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 5515–5528, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-5515-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-5515-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We use observations of the oxygen isotopic composition of sulfate aerosol as a fingerprint to quantify various sulfate formation mechanisms during pollution events in Beijing, China. We found that heterogeneous reactions on aerosols dominated sulfate production in general; however, in-cloud reactions would dominate haze sulfate production when cloud liquid water content was high. The findings also suggest the heterogeneity of aerosol acidity should be parameterized in models.
Maria Zatko, Joseph Erbland, Joel Savarino, Lei Geng, Lauren Easley, Andrew Schauer, Timothy Bates, Patricia K. Quinn, Bonnie Light, David Morison, Hans D. Osthoff, Seth Lyman, William Neff, Bin Yuan, and Becky Alexander
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 13837–13851, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-13837-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-13837-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This manuscript presents chemical and optical observations collected in the air and snow during UBWOS2014 in eastern Utah. These observations are used to calculate fluxes of reactive nitrogen associated with snow nitrate photolysis. Snow-sourced reactive nitrogen fluxes are compared to reactive nitrogen emission inventories to find that snow-sourced reactive nitrogen is a minor contributor to the reactive nitrogen budget, and thus wintertime ground-level ozone formation, in the Uintah Basin.
Qianjie Chen, Lei Geng, Johan A. Schmidt, Zhouqing Xie, Hui Kang, Jordi Dachs, Jihong Cole-Dai, Andrew J. Schauer, Madeline G. Camp, and Becky Alexander
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 11433–11450, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11433-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11433-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The formation mechanisms of sulfate in the marine boundary layer are not well understood, which could result in large uncertainties in aerosol radiative forcing. We measure the oxygen isotopic composition (Δ17O) of sulfate collected in the MBL and analyze with a global transport model. Our results suggest that 33–50 % of MBL sulfate is formed via oxidation of S(IV) by hypohalous acids HOBr / HOCl in the aqueous phase, and the daily-mean HOBr/HOCl concentrations are on the order of 0.01–0.1 ppt.
Dene R. Bowdalo, Mathew J. Evans, and Eric D. Sofen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 8295–8308, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8295-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8295-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We introduce a new methodology for the assessment of atmospheric models with observations. We apply a spectral analysis methodology to hourly ozone observations and the equivalent model output. The spectrally transformed observational data show significant peaks on daily and annual timescales. Comparison between the amplitude and phase of these peaks introduces a new comparison methodology between model and measurements. We find the model shows significant biases on an annual timescale.
E. D. Sofen, D. Bowdalo, M. J. Evans, F. Apadula, P. Bonasoni, M. Cupeiro, R. Ellul, I. E. Galbally, R. Girgzdiene, S. Luppo, M. Mimouni, A. C. Nahas, M. Saliba, and K. Tørseth
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 8, 41–59, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-41-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-41-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We have brought together all publicly available surface ozone observations from online databases from 1971–2015, with 2200 sites representing regional background conditions appropriate for the evaluation of chemical transport and chemistry-climate models for projects such as the Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative. Gridded data sets of ozone metrics (mean, percentiles, MDA8, SOMO35, etc.) are available from the British Atmospheric Data Centre.
E. D. Sofen, D. Bowdalo, and M. J. Evans
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 1445–1457, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-1445-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-1445-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We explore the global representativeness of a global surface ozone data set from a range of perspectives (area, biomes, chemical regimes, model uncertainty, model trends). We conclude that the current network fails to provide sufficient constraints for important regions/regimes, leading to uncertainty for a range of atmospheric composition challenges. We suggest 20 new locations for making surface ozone observations, which would significantly enhance our observational capability.
E. D. Sofen, M. J. Evans, and A. C. Lewis
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 13627–13632, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-13627-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-13627-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
As an air pollutant, O3 is monitored photometrically to assess compliance with air quality legislation. A recent study found a 1.8% reduction in its absorption cross section, which would lead to an equivalent increase in observed O3 concentrations. We estimate this would increase the number of sites out of compliance with air quality regulations in the EU and US by 20%. We draw attention to how small changes in gas metrology impacts attainment and compliance with legal air quality standards.
P. Achakulwisut, L. J. Mickley, L. T. Murray, A. P. K. Tai, J. O. Kaplan, and B. Alexander
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 7977–7998, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7977-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7977-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The atmosphere’s oxidative capacity determines the lifetime of many trace gases important to climate, chemistry, and human health. Yet uncertainties remain about its past variations, its controlling factors, and the radiative forcing of short-lived species it influences. To reduce these uncertainties, we must better quantify the natural emissions and chemical reaction mechanisms of organic compounds in the atmosphere, which play a role in governing the oxidative capacity.
L. Geng, J. Cole-Dai, B. Alexander, J. Erbland, J. Savarino, A. J. Schauer, E. J. Steig, P. Lin, Q. Fu, and M. C. Zatko
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 13361–13376, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13361-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13361-2014, 2014
Short summary
Short summary
Examinations on snowpit and firn core results from Summit, Greenland suggest that there are two mechanisms leading to the observed double nitrate peaks in some years in the industrial era: 1) long-rang transport of nitrate and 2) enhanced local photochemical production of nitrate. Both of these mechanisms are related to pollution transport, as the additional nitrate from either direct transport or enhanced local photochemistry requires enhanced nitrogen sources from anthropogenic emissions.
E. D. Sofen, B. Alexander, E. J. Steig, M. H. Thiemens, S. A. Kunasek, H. M. Amos, A. J. Schauer, M. G. Hastings, J. Bautista, T. L. Jackson, L. E. Vogel, J. R. McConnell, D. R. Pasteris, and E. S. Saltzman
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 5749–5769, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-5749-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-5749-2014, 2014
L. T. Murray, L. J. Mickley, J. O. Kaplan, E. D. Sofen, M. Pfeiffer, and B. Alexander
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 3589–3622, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-3589-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-3589-2014, 2014
Related subject area
Subject: Gases | Research Activity: Atmospheric Modelling and Data Analysis | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Chemistry (chemical composition and reactions)
Contribution of expanded marine sulfur chemistry to the seasonal variability of dimethyl sulfide oxidation products and size-resolved sulfate aerosol
Spatial disparities of ozone pollution in the Sichuan Basin spurred by extreme, hot weather
Global impacts of aviation on air quality evaluated at high resolution
Bias correction of OMI HCHO columns based on FTIR and aircraft measurements and impact on top-down emission estimates
Investigation of the renewed methane growth post-2007 with high-resolution 3-D variational inverse modeling and isotopic constraints
Revisiting day-of-week ozone patterns in an era of evolving US air quality
Air quality and radiative impacts of downward-propagating sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs)
Estimation of the atmospheric hydroxyl radical oxidative capacity using multiple hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)
Investigating the differences in calculating global mean surface CO2 abundance: the impact of analysis methodologies and site selection
Meteorological characteristics of extreme ozone pollution events in China and their future predictions
Evaluating modelled tropospheric columns of CH4, CO, and O3 in the Arctic using ground-based Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements
The high-resolution Global Aviation emissions Inventory based on ADS-B (GAIA) for 2019–2021
Zonal variability of methane trends derived from satellite data
Weekly derived top-down volatile-organic-compound fluxes over Europe from TROPOMI HCHO data from 2018 to 2021
Current status of model predictions of volatile organic compounds and impacts on surface ozone predictions during summer in China
Utility of Geostationary Lightning Mapper-derived lightning NO emission estimates in air quality modeling studies
The suitability of atmospheric oxygen measurements to constrain western European fossil-fuel CO2 emissions and their trends
Future tropospheric ozone budget and distribution over east Asia under a net-zero scenario
Comprehensive multiphase chlorine chemistry in the box model CAABA/MECCA: implications for atmospheric oxidative capacity
MIXv2: a long-term mosaic emission inventory for Asia (2010–2017)
Insights into soil NO emissions and the contribution to surface ozone formation in China
Development, intercomparison, and evaluation of an improved mechanism for the oxidation of dimethyl sulfide in the UKCA model
The atmospheric oxidizing capacity in China – Part 1: Roles of different photochemical processes
Benefits of net-zero policies for future ozone pollution in China
Simulating impacts on UK air quality from net-zero forest planting scenarios
Understanding offshore high-ozone events during TRACER-AQ 2021 in Houston: insights from WRF–CAMx photochemical modeling
Opinion: Establishing a science-into-policy process for tropospheric ozone assessment
Atmospheric composition and climate impacts of a future hydrogen economy
Assessment of isoprene and near-surface ozone sensitivities to water stress over the Euro-Mediterranean region
Nighttime ozone in the lower boundary layer: insights from 3-year tower-based measurements in South China and regional air quality modeling
What controls ozone sensitivity in the upper tropical troposphere?
The CO anthropogenic emissions in Europe from 2011 to 2021: insights from the MOPITT satellite data
Summertime tropospheric ozone source apportionment study in Madrid (Spain)
Modelling the impacts of emission changes on O3 sensitivity, atmospheric oxidation capacity, and pollution transport over the Catalonia region
A regional modelling study of halogen chemistry within a volcanic plume of Mt Etna's Christmas 2018 eruption
Analysis of an intense O3 pollution episode in the Atlantic Coast of the Iberian Peninsula using photochemical modelling: characterization of transport pathways and accumulation processes
Constraining the budget of atmospheric carbonyl sulfide using a 3-D chemical transport model
Atmospheric CO2 inversion reveals the Amazon as a minor carbon source caused by fire emissions, with forest uptake offsetting about half of these emissions
Rapid O3 assimilations – Part 2: Tropospheric O3 changes accompanied by declining NOx emissions in the USA and Europe in 2005–2020
High-resolution air quality simulations of ozone exceedance events during the Lake Michigan Ozone Study
Simulations of winter ozone in the Upper Green River basin, Wyoming, using WRF-Chem
Measurement report: Assessment of Asian emissions of ethane and propane with a chemistry transport model based on observations from the island of Hateruma
Sensitivity of northeastern US surface ozone predictions to the representation of atmospheric chemistry in the Community Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Multiphase Mechanism (CRACMMv1.0)
Organosulfate Produced from Consumption of SO3 Speeds up Sulfuric Acid-Dimethylamine Atmospheric Nucleation
Daytime isoprene nitrates under changing NOx and O3
Atmospheric data support a multi-decadal shift in the global methane budget towards natural tropical emissions
Air quality and related health impact in the UNECE region: source attribution and scenario analysis
East Asian methane emissions inferred from high-resolution inversions of GOSAT and TROPOMI observations: a comparative and evaluative analysis
Towards near-real-time air pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions: lessons learned from multiple estimates during the COVID-19 pandemic
Constraining Long-Term NOx Emissions over the United States and Europe using Nitrate Wet Deposition Monitoring Networks
Linia Tashmim, William C. Porter, Qianjie Chen, Becky Alexander, Charles H. Fite, Christopher D. Holmes, Jeffrey R. Pierce, Betty Croft, and Sakiko Ishino
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3379–3403, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3379-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3379-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is mostly emitted from ocean surfaces and represents the largest natural source of sulfur for the atmosphere. Once in the atmosphere, DMS forms stable oxidation products such as SO2 and H2SO4, which can subsequently contribute to airborne particle formation and growth. In this study, we update the DMS oxidation mechanism in the chemical transport model GEOS-Chem and describe resulting changes in particle growth as well as the overall global sulfur budget.
Nan Wang, Yunsong Du, Dongyang Chen, Haiyan Meng, Xi Chen, Li Zhou, Guangming Shi, Yu Zhan, Miao Feng, Wei Li, Mulan Chen, Zhenliang Li, and Fumo Yang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3029–3042, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3029-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3029-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In the scorching August 2022 heatwave, China's Sichuan Basin saw a stark contrast in ozone (O3) levels between Chengdu and Chongqing. The regional disparities were studied considering meteorology, precursors, photochemistry, and transportation. The study highlighted the importance of tailored pollution control measures and underlined the necessity for region-specific strategies to combat O3 pollution on a regional scale.
Sebastian D. Eastham, Guillaume P. Chossière, Raymond L. Speth, Daniel J. Jacob, and Steven R. H. Barrett
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2687–2703, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2687-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2687-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Emissions from aircraft are known to cause air quality impacts worldwide, but the scale and mechanisms of this impact are not well understood. This work uses high-resolution computational modeling of the atmosphere to show that air pollution changes from aviation are mostly the result of emissions during cruise (high-altitude) operations, that these impacts are related to how much non-aviation pollution is present, and that prior regional assessments have underestimated these impacts.
Jean-François Müller, Trissevgeni Stavrakou, Glenn-Michael Oomen, Beata Opacka, Isabelle De Smedt, Alex Guenther, Corinne Vigouroux, Bavo Langerock, Carlos Augusto Bauer Aquino, Michel Grutter, James Hannigan, Frank Hase, Rigel Kivi, Erik Lutsch, Emmanuel Mahieu, Maria Makarova, Jean-Marc Metzger, Isamu Morino, Isao Murata, Tomoo Nagahama, Justus Notholt, Ivan Ortega, Mathias Palm, Amelie Röhling, Wolfgang Stremme, Kimberly Strong, Ralf Sussmann, Yao Té, and Alan Fried
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2207–2237, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2207-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2207-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Formaldehyde observations from satellites can be used to constrain the emissions of volatile organic compounds, but those observations have biases. Using an atmospheric model, aircraft and ground-based remote sensing data, we quantify these biases, propose a correction to the data, and assess the consequence of this correction for the evaluation of emissions.
Joël Thanwerdas, Marielle Saunois, Antoine Berchet, Isabelle Pison, and Philippe Bousquet
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2129–2167, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2129-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2129-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the causes of the renewed growth of atmospheric methane (CH4) after 2007 using inverse modeling. We use the additional information provided by observations of CH4 isotopic compositions to better differentiate between the emission categories. Accounting for the large uncertainties in source signatures, our results suggest that the post-2007 increase in atmospheric CH4 was caused by similar increases in emissions from (1) fossil fuels and (2) agriculture and waste.
Heather Simon, Christian Hogrefe, Andrew Whitehill, Kristen M. Foley, Jennifer Liljegren, Norm Possiel, Benjamin Wells, Barron H. Henderson, Lukas C. Valin, Gail Tonnesen, K. Wyat Appel, and Shannon Koplitz
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1855–1871, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1855-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1855-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We assess observed and modeled ozone weekend–weekday differences in the USA from 2002–2019. A subset of urban areas that were NOx-saturated at the beginning of the period transitioned to NOx-limited conditions. Multiple rural areas of California were NOx-limited for the entire period but become less influenced by local day-of-week emission patterns in more recent years. The model produces more NOx-saturated conditions than the observations but captures trends in weekend–weekday ozone patterns.
Ryan S. Williams, Michaela I. Hegglin, Patrick Jöckel, Hella Garny, and Keith P. Shine
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1389–1413, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1389-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1389-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
During winter, a brief but abrupt reversal of the mean stratospheric westerly flow (~30 km high) around the Arctic occurs ~6 times a decade. Using a chemistry–climate model, about half of these events are shown to induce large anomalies in Arctic ozone (>25 %) and water vapour (>±25 %) around ~8–12 km altitude for up to 2–3 months, important for weather forecasting. We also calculate a doubling to trebling of the risk in breaches of mid-latitude surface air quality (ozone) standards (~60 ppbv).
Rona L. Thompson, Stephen A. Montzka, Martin K. Vollmer, Jgor Arduini, Molly Crotwell, Paul B. Krummel, Chris Lunder, Jens Mühle, Simon O'Doherty, Ronald G. Prinn, Stefan Reimann, Isaac Vimont, Hsiang Wang, Ray F. Weiss, and Dickon Young
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1415–1427, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1415-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1415-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The hydroxyl radical determines the atmospheric lifetimes of numerous species including methane. Since OH is very short-lived, it is not possible to directly measure its concentration on scales relevant for understanding its effect on other species. Here, OH is inferred by looking at changes in hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). We find that OH levels have been fairly stable over our study period (2004 to 2021), suggesting that OH is not the main driver of the recent increase in atmospheric methane.
Zhendong Wu, Alex Vermeulen, Yousuke Sawa, Ute Karstens, Wouter Peters, Remco de Kok, Xin Lan, Yasuyuki Nagai, Akinori Ogi, and Oksana Tarasova
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1249–1264, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1249-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1249-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study focuses on exploring the differences in calculating global surface CO2 and its growth rate, considering the impact of analysis methodologies and site selection. Our study reveals that the current global CO2 network has a good capacity to represent global surface CO2 and its growth rate, as well as trends in atmospheric CO2 mass changes. However, small differences exist in different analyses due to the impact of methodology and site selection.
Yang Yang, Yang Zhou, Hailong Wang, Mengyun Li, Huimin Li, Pinya Wang, Xu Yue, Ke Li, Jia Zhu, and Hong Liao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1177–1191, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1177-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1177-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study reveals that extreme ozone pollution over the North China Plain and Yangtze River Delta is due to the chemical production related to hot and dry conditions, and the regional transport explains the ozone pollution over the Sichuan Basin and Pearl River Delta. The frequency of meteorological conditions of the extreme ozone pollution increases from the past to the future. The sustainable scenario is the optimal path to retaining clean air in China in the future.
Victoria A. Flood, Kimberly Strong, Cynthia H. Whaley, Kaley A. Walker, Thomas Blumenstock, James W. Hannigan, Johan Mellqvist, Justus Notholt, Mathias Palm, Amelie N. Röhling, Stephen Arnold, Stephen Beagley, Rong-You Chien, Jesper Christensen, Makoto Deushi, Srdjan Dobricic, Xinyi Dong, Joshua S. Fu, Michael Gauss, Wanmin Gong, Joakim Langner, Kathy S. Law, Louis Marelle, Tatsuo Onishi, Naga Oshima, David A. Plummer, Luca Pozzoli, Jean-Christophe Raut, Manu A. Thomas, Svetlana Tsyro, and Steven Turnock
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1079–1118, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1079-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1079-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
It is important to understand the composition of the Arctic atmosphere and how it is changing. Atmospheric models provide simulations that can inform policy. This study examines simulations of CH4, CO, and O3 by 11 models. Model performance is assessed by comparing results matched in space and time to measurements from five high-latitude ground-based infrared spectrometers. This work finds that models generally underpredict the concentrations of these gases in the Arctic troposphere.
Roger Teoh, Zebediah Engberg, Marc Shapiro, Lynnette Dray, and Marc E. J. Stettler
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 725–744, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-725-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-725-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Emissions from aircraft contribute to climate change and degrade air quality. We describe an up-to-date 4D emissions inventory of global aviation from 2019 to 2021 based on actual flown trajectories. In 2019, 40.2 million flights collectively travelled 61 billion kilometres using 283 Tg of fuel. Long-haul flights were responsible for 43 % of CO2. The emissions inventory is made available for use in future studies to evaluate the negative externalities arising from global aviation.
Jonas Hachmeister, Oliver Schneising, Michael Buchwitz, John P. Burrows, Justus Notholt, and Matthias Buschmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 577–595, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-577-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-577-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We quantified changes in atmospheric methane concentrations using satellite data and a dynamic linear model approach. We calculated global annual methane increases for the years 2019–2022, which are in good agreement with other sources. For zonal methane growth rates, we identified strong inter-hemispheric differences in 2019 and 2022. For 2022, we could attribute decreases in the global growth rate to the Northern Hemisphere, possibly related to a reduction in anthropogenic emissions.
Glenn-Michael Oomen, Jean-François Müller, Trissevgeni Stavrakou, Isabelle De Smedt, Thomas Blumenstock, Rigel Kivi, Maria Makarova, Mathias Palm, Amelie Röhling, Yao Té, Corinne Vigouroux, Martina M. Friedrich, Udo Frieß, François Hendrick, Alexis Merlaud, Ankie Piters, Andreas Richter, Michel Van Roozendael, and Thomas Wagner
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 449–474, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-449-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-449-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Natural emissions from vegetation have a profound impact on air quality for their role in the formation of harmful tropospheric ozone and organic aerosols, yet these emissions are highly uncertain. In this study, we quantify emissions of organic gases over Europe using high-quality satellite measurements of formaldehyde. These satellite observations suggest that emissions from vegetation are much higher than predicted by models, especially in southern Europe.
Yongliang She, Jingyi Li, Xiaopu Lyu, Hai Guo, Momei Qin, Xiaodong Xie, Kangjia Gong, Fei Ye, Jianjiong Mao, Lin Huang, and Jianlin Hu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 219–233, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-219-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-219-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we use multi-site volatile organic compound (VOC) measurements to evaluate the CMAQ-model-predicted VOCs and assess the impacts of VOC bias on O3 simulation. Our results demonstrate that current modeling setups and emission inventories are likely to underpredict VOC concentrations, and this underprediction of VOCs contributes to lower O3 predictions in China.
Peiyang Cheng, Arastoo Pour-Biazar, Yuling Wu, Shi Kuang, Richard T. McNider, and William J. Koshak
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 41–63, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-41-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-41-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Lightning-induced nitrogen monoxide (LNO) emission can be estimated from geostationary satellite observations. The present study uses the LNO emission estimates derived from geostationary satellite observations in an air quality modeling system to investigate the impact of LNO on air quality. Results indicate that significant ozone increase could be due to long-distance chemical transport, lightning activity in the upwind direction, and the mixing of high LNO (or ozone) plumes.
Christian Rödenbeck, Karina E. Adcock, Markus Eritt, Maksym Gachkivskyi, Christoph Gerbig, Samuel Hammer, Armin Jordan, Ralph F. Keeling, Ingeborg Levin, Fabian Maier, Andrew C. Manning, Heiko Moossen, Saqr Munassar, Penelope A. Pickers, Michael Rothe, Yasunori Tohjima, and Sönke Zaehle
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15767–15782, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15767-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15767-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The carbon dioxide content of the Earth atmosphere is increasing due to human emissions from burning of fossil fuels, causing global climate change. The strength of the fossil-fuel emissions is estimated by inventories based on energy data, but independent validation of these inventories has been recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Here we investigate the potential to validate inventories based on measurements of small changes in the atmospheric oxygen content.
Xuewei Hou, Oliver Wild, Bin Zhu, and James Lee
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15395–15411, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15395-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15395-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In response to the climate crisis, many countries have committed to net zero in a certain future year. The impacts of net-zero scenarios on tropospheric O3 are less well studied and remain unclear. In this study, we quantified the changes of tropospheric O3 budgets, spatiotemporal distributions of future surface O3 in east Asia and regional O3 source contributions for 2060 under a net-zero scenario using the NCAR Community Earth System Model (CESM) and online O3-tagging methods.
Meghna Soni, Rolf Sander, Lokesh K. Sahu, Domenico Taraborrelli, Pengfei Liu, Ankit Patel, Imran A. Girach, Andrea Pozzer, Sachin S. Gunthe, and Narendra Ojha
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15165–15180, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15165-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15165-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The study presents the implementation of comprehensive multiphase chlorine chemistry in the box model CAABA/MECCA. Simulations for contrasting urban environments of Asia and Europe highlight the significant impacts of chlorine on atmospheric oxidation capacity and composition. Chemical processes governing the production and loss of chlorine-containing species has been discussed. The updated chemical mechanism will be useful to interpret field measurements and for future air quality studies.
Meng Li, Junichi Kurokawa, Qiang Zhang, Jung-Hun Woo, Tazuko Morikawa, Satoru Chatani, Zifeng Lu, Yu Song, Guannan Geng, Hanwen Hu, Jinseok Kim, Owen R. Cooper, and Brian C. McDonald
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2283, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2283, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, we developed MIXv2, an innovative Asian emission inventory for 2010–2017. With high spatial (0.1 degree) and monthly temporal resolution, MIXv2 integrates anthropogenic and open biomass burning emissions across seven sectors following a mosaic methodology. It provides CO2 emissions data alongside nine key pollutants and three chemical mechanisms. Our publicly accessible gridded monthly emissions data can facilitate long-term atmospheric and climate model analyses.
Ling Huang, Jiong Fang, Jiaqiang Liao, Greg Yarwood, Hui Chen, Yangjun Wang, and Li Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14919–14932, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14919-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14919-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Surface ozone concentrations have emerged as a major environmental issue in China. Although control strategies aimed at reducing NOx emissions from conventional combustion sources are widely recognized, soil NOx emissions have received little attention. The impact of soil NO emissions on ground-level ozone concentration is yet to be evaluated. In this study, we estimated the soil NO emissions and evaluated its impact on ozone formation in China.
Ben A. Cala, Scott Archer-Nicholls, James Weber, N. Luke Abraham, Paul T. Griffiths, Lorrie Jacob, Y. Matthew Shin, Laura E. Revell, Matthew Woodhouse, and Alexander T. Archibald
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14735–14760, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14735-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14735-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is an important trace gas emitted from the ocean recognised as setting the sulfate aerosol background, but its oxidation is complex. As a result representation in chemistry-climate models is greatly simplified. We develop and compare a new mechanism to existing mechanisms via a series of global and box model experiments. Our studies show our updated DMS scheme is a significant improvement but significant variance exists between mechanisms.
Jianing Dai, Guy P. Brasseur, Mihalis Vrekoussis, Maria Kanakidou, Kun Qu, Yijuan Zhang, Hongliang Zhang, and Tao Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14127–14158, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14127-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14127-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we used a regional chemical transport model to characterize the different parameters of atmospheric oxidative capacity in recent chemical environments in China. These parameters include the production and destruction rates of ozone and other oxidants, the ozone production efficiency, the OH reactivity, and the length of the reaction chain responsible for the formation of ozone and ROx. They are also affected by the aerosol burden in the atmosphere.
Zhenze Liu, Oliver Wild, Ruth M. Doherty, Fiona M. O'Connor, and Steven T. Turnock
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13755–13768, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13755-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13755-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the impact of net-zero policies on surface ozone pollution in China. A chemistry–climate model is used to simulate ozone changes driven by local and external emissions, methane, and warmer climates. A deep learning model is applied to generate more robust ozone projection, and we find that the benefits of net-zero policies may be overestimated with the chemistry–climate model. Nevertheless, it is clear that the policies can still substantially reduce ozone pollution in future.
Gemma Purser, Mathew R. Heal, Edward J. Carnell, Stephen Bathgate, Julia Drewer, James I. L. Morison, and Massimo Vieno
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13713–13733, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13713-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13713-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Forest expansion is a ″net-zero“ pathway, but change in land cover alters air quality in many ways. This study combines tree planting suitability data with UK measured emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds to simulate spatial and temporal changes in atmospheric composition for planting scenarios of four species. Decreases in fine particulate matter are relatively larger than increases in ozone, which may indicate a net benefit of tree planting on human health aspects of air quality.
Wei Li, Yuxuan Wang, Xueying Liu, Ehsan Soleimanian, Travis Griggs, James Flynn, and Paul Walter
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13685–13699, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13685-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13685-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study examined high offshore ozone events in Galveston Bay and the Gulf of Mexico, using boat data and WRF–CAMx modeling during the TRACER-AQ 2021 field campaign. On average, high ozone is caused by chemistry due to the regional transport of volatile organic compounds and downwind advection of NOx from the ship channel. Two case studies show advection of ozone can be another process leading to high ozone, and accurate wind prediction is crucial for air quality forecasting in coastal areas.
Richard G. Derwent, David D. Parrish, and Ian C. Faloona
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13613–13623, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13613-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13613-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Elevated tropospheric ozone concentrations driven by anthropogenic precursor emissions are a world-wide health and environmental concern; however, this issue lacks a generally accepted understanding of the scientific issues. Here, we briefly outline the elements required to conduct an international assessment process to establish a conceptual model of the underpinning science and motivate international policy forums for regulating ozone production over hemispheric and global scales.
Nicola J. Warwick, Alex T. Archibald, Paul T. Griffiths, James Keeble, Fiona M. O'Connor, John A. Pyle, and Keith P. Shine
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13451–13467, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13451-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13451-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A chemistry–climate model has been used to explore the atmospheric response to changes in emissions of hydrogen and other species associated with a shift from fossil fuel to hydrogen use. Leakage of hydrogen results in indirect global warming, offsetting greenhouse gas emission reductions from reduced fossil fuel use. To maximise the benefit of hydrogen as an energy source, hydrogen leakage and emissions of methane, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides should be minimised.
Susanna Strada, Andrea Pozzer, Graziano Giuliani, Erika Coppola, Fabien Solmon, Xiaoyan Jiang, Alex Guenther, Efstratios Bourtsoukidis, Dominique Serça, Jonathan Williams, and Filippo Giorgi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13301–13327, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13301-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13301-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Water deficit modifies emissions of isoprene, an aromatic compound released by plants that influences the production of an air pollutant such as ozone. Numerical modelling shows that, during the warmest and driest summers, isoprene decreases between −20 and −60 % over the Euro-Mediterranean region, while near-surface ozone only diminishes by a few percent. Decreases in isoprene emissions not only happen under dry conditions, but also could occur after prolonged or repeated water deficits.
Guowen He, Cheng He, Haofan Wang, Xiao Lu, Chenglei Pei, Xiaonuan Qiu, Chenxi Liu, Yiming Wang, Nanxi Liu, Jinpu Zhang, Lei Lei, Yiming Liu, Haichao Wang, Tao Deng, Qi Fan, and Shaojia Fan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13107–13124, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13107-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13107-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We analyze nighttime ozone in the lower boundary layer (up to 500 m) from the 2017–2019 measurements at the Canton Tower and the WRF-CMAQ model. We identify a strong ability of the residual layer to store daytime ozone in the convective mixing layer, investigate the chemical and meteorological factors controlling nighttime ozone in the residual layer, and quantify the contribution of nighttime ozone in the residual layer to both the nighttime and the following day’s surface ozone air quality.
Clara M. Nussbaumer, Horst Fischer, Jos Lelieveld, and Andrea Pozzer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 12651–12669, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12651-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12651-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ozone is a greenhouse gas and contributes to the earth’s radiative energy budget and therefore to global warming. This effect is the largest in the upper troposphere. In this study, we investigate the processes controlling ozone formation and the sensitivity to its precursors in the upper tropical troposphere based on model simulations by the ECHAM5/MESSy2 Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) model. We find that NO𝑥 emissions from lightning most importantly affect ozone chemistry at these altitudes.
Audrey Fortems-Cheiney, Gregoire Broquet, Elise Potier, Robin Plauchu, Antoine Berchet, Isabelle Pison, Hugo A. C. Denier van der Gon, and Stijn N. C. Dellaert
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1981, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1981, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We have estimated the carbon monixide (CO) European emissions from satellite observations of the MOPITT instrument , at the relatively high resolution of 0.5°, for a period of over 10 years from 2011 to 2021. The analysis of the inversion results reveals the challenges associated with the inversion of CO emissions at the regional scale over Europe.
David de la Paz, Rafael Borge, Juan Manuel de Andrés, Luis Miguel Tovar, Golam Sarwar, and Sergey L. Napelenok
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2056, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2056, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This modelling study shows that around 70 % of ground-level ozone (O3) in Madrid (Spain) is transported from other regions. Nonetheless, local sources, mainly road traffic, play a significant role, specially under stagnation conditions associated to regional air recirculation. Our results suggest that local measures may be effective to reduce O3 peaks (potentially, up to 30 %) and thus, reduce impacts from high-O3 episodes in the Madrid metropolitan area.
Alba Badia, Veronica Vidal, Sergi Ventura, Roger Curcoll, Ricard Segura, and Gara Villalba
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10751–10774, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10751-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10751-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Improving air quality is a top priority in urban areas. In this study, we used an air quality model to analyse the air quality changes occurring over the metropolitan area of Barcelona and other rural areas affected by transport of the atmospheric plume from the city during mobility restrictions. Our results show that mitigation strategies intended to reduce O3 should be designed according to the local meteorology, air transport, and particular ozone chemistry of the urban area.
Herizo Narivelo, Paul David Hamer, Virginie Marécal, Luke Surl, Tjarda Roberts, Sophie Pelletier, Béatrice Josse, Jonathan Guth, Mickaël Bacles, Simon Warnach, Thomas Wagner, Stefano Corradini, Giuseppe Salerno, and Lorenzo Guerrieri
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10533–10561, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10533-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10533-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Volcanic emissions emit large quantities of gases and primary aerosols that can play an important role in atmospheric chemistry. We present a study of the fate of volcanic bromine emissions from the eruption of Mount Etna around Christmas 2018. Using a numerical model and satellite observations, we analyse the impact of the volcanic plume and how it modifies the composition of the air over the whole Mediterranean basin, in particular on tropospheric ozone through the bromine-explosion cycle.
Eduardo Torre-Pascual, Gotzon Gangoiti, Ana Rodríguez-García, Estíbaliz Sáez de Cámara, Joana Ferreira, Carla Gama, María Carmen Gómez, Iñaki Zuazo, Jose Antonio García, and Maite de Blas
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-387, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-387, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present an analysis of an intense air pollution episode of tropospheric ozone over the Atlantic coast of the Iberian Peninsula, with measured and simulated parameters. Our analysis based not only on surface parameters but also on altitude parameters shows that the described episode may occur due to the accumulation of O3 in the upper layers of the atmosphere during previous days. That air mass will be transported to surface layers producing a sharp increase in O3 concentrations.
Michael P. Cartwright, Richard J. Pope, Jeremy J. Harrison, Martyn P. Chipperfield, Chris Wilson, Wuhu Feng, David P. Moore, and Parvadha Suntharalingam
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10035–10056, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10035-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10035-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A 3-D chemical transport model, TOMCAT, is used to simulate global atmospheric carbonyl sulfide (OCS) distribution. Modelled OCS compares well with satellite observations of OCS from limb-sounding satellite observations. Model simulations also compare adequately with surface and atmospheric observations and suitably capture the seasonality of OCS and background concentrations.
Luana S. Basso, Chris Wilson, Martyn P. Chipperfield, Graciela Tejada, Henrique L. G. Cassol, Egídio Arai, Mathew Williams, T. Luke Smallman, Wouter Peters, Stijn Naus, John B. Miller, and Manuel Gloor
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9685–9723, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9685-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9685-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Amazon’s carbon balance may have changed due to forest degradation, deforestation and warmer climate. We used an atmospheric model and atmospheric CO2 observations to quantify Amazonian carbon emissions (2010–2018). The region was a small carbon source to the atmosphere, mostly due to fire emissions. Forest uptake compensated for ~ 50 % of the fire emissions, meaning that the remaining forest is still a small carbon sink. We found no clear evidence of weakening carbon uptake over the period.
Rui Zhu, Zhaojun Tang, Xiaokang Chen, Xiong Liu, and Zhe Jiang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9745–9763, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9745-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9745-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and surface O3 observations are used to investigate the changes in tropospheric O3 in the USA and Europe in 2005–2020. The surface-based assimilations show limited changes in surface and tropospheric column O3. The OMI-based assimilations show larger decreases in tropospheric O3 columns in 2010–2014, related to a decline in free-tropospheric NO2. Analysis suggests limited impacts of local emissions decline on tropospheric O3 over the USA and Europe in 2005–2020.
R. Bradley Pierce, Monica Harkey, Allen Lenzen, Lee M. Cronce, Jason A. Otkin, Jonathan L. Case, David S. Henderson, Zac Adelman, Tsengel Nergui, and Christopher R. Hain
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9613–9635, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9613-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9613-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluate two high-resolution model simulations with different meteorological inputs but identical chemistry and anthropogenic emissions, with the goal of identifying a model configuration best suited for characterizing air quality in locations where lake breezes commonly affect local air quality along the Lake Michigan shoreline. This analysis complements other studies in evaluating the impact of meteorological inputs and parameterizations on air quality in a complex environment.
Shreta Ghimire, Zachary J. Lebo, Shane Murphy, Stefan Rahimi, and Trang Tran
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9413–9438, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9413-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9413-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
High wintertime ozone levels have occurred often in recent years in mountain basins with oil and gas production facilities. Photochemical modeling of ozone production serves as a basis for understanding the mechanism by which it occurs and for predictive capability. We present photochemical model simulations of ozone formation and accumulation in the Upper Green River basin, Wyoming, demonstrating the model's ability to simulate wintertime ozone and the sensitivity of ozone to its precursors.
Adedayo R. Adedeji, Stephen J. Andrews, Matthew J. Rowlinson, Mathew J. Evans, Alastair C. Lewis, Shigeru Hashimoto, Hitoshi Mukai, Hiroshi Tanimoto, Yasunori Tohjima, and Takuya Saito
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9229–9244, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9229-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9229-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We use the GEOS-Chem model to interpret observations of CO, C2H6, C3H8, NOx, NOy and O3 made from Hateruma Island in 2018. The model captures many synoptic-scale events and the seasonality of most pollutants at the site but underestimates C2H6 and C3H8 during the winter. These underestimates are unlikely to be reconciled by increases in biomass burning emissions but could be reconciled by increasing the Asian anthropogenic source of C2H6 and C3H8 by factors of around 2 and 3, respectively.
Bryan K. Place, William T. Hutzell, K. Wyat Appel, Sara Farrell, Lukas Valin, Benjamin N. Murphy, Karl M. Seltzer, Golam Sarwar, Christine Allen, Ivan R. Piletic, Emma L. D'Ambro, Emily Saunders, Heather Simon, Ana Torres-Vasquez, Jonathan Pleim, Rebecca H. Schwantes, Matthew M. Coggon, Lu Xu, William R. Stockwell, and Havala O. T. Pye
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9173–9190, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9173-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9173-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ground-level ozone is a pollutant with adverse human health and ecosystem effects. Air quality models allow scientists to understand the chemical production of ozone and demonstrate impacts of air quality management plans. In this work, the role of multiple systems in ozone production was investigated for the northeastern US in summer. Model updates to chemical reaction rates and monoterpene chemistry were most influential in decreasing predicted ozone and improving agreement with observations.
Xiaomeng Zhang, Yongjian Lian, Shendong Tan, and Shi Yin
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1649, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1649, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) has a significant influence on global climate, local air quality, and human health. Using a combination of quantum chemical calculations and kinetics modeling, we found gas phase organosulfate produced from consumption of SO3 can significantly enhance SA-DMA nucleation in the polluted boundary layer, resulting in nonnegligible contribution to NPF. Our findings provide important insights on effect of organic sulfur on atmospheric aerosol formation.
Alfred W. Mayhew, Peter M. Edwards, and Jaqueline F. Hamilton
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8473–8485, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8473-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8473-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Isoprene nitrates are chemical species commonly found in the atmosphere that are important for their impacts on air quality and climate. This paper investigates modelled changes to daytime isoprene nitrate concentrations resulting from changes in NOx and O3. The results highlight the complex, nonlinear chemistry of this group of species under typical conditions for megacities such as Beijing, with many species showing increased concentrations when NOx is decreased and/or ozone is increased.
Alice Drinkwater, Paul I. Palmer, Liang Feng, Tim Arnold, Xin Lan, Sylvia E. Michel, Robert Parker, and Hartmut Boesch
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8429–8452, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8429-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8429-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Changes in atmospheric methane over the last few decades are largely unexplained. Previous studies have proposed different hypotheses to explain short-term changes in atmospheric methane. We interpret observed changes in atmospheric methane and stable isotope source signatures (2004–2020). We argue that changes over this period are part of a large-scale shift from high-northern-latitude thermogenic energy emissions to tropical biogenic emissions, particularly from North Africa and South America.
Claudio A. Belis and Rita Van Dingenen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8225–8240, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8225-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8225-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The study assesses the influence that abating emissions in the rest of the world have on exposure and mortality due to ozone and fine particulate matter in the region covered by the Gothenburg protocol (UNECE, mainly Europe and North America). To that end, the impacts of pollutants derived from different geographic areas and anthropogenic sources are analysed in a series of scenarios including measures to abate air pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions with different levels of ambition.
Ruosi Liang, Yuzhong Zhang, Wei Chen, Peixuan Zhang, Jingran Liu, Cuihong Chen, Huiqin Mao, Guofeng Shen, Zhen Qu, Zichong Chen, Minqiang Zhou, Pucai Wang, Robert J. Parker, Hartmut Boesch, Alba Lorente, Joannes D. Maasakkers, and Ilse Aben
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8039–8057, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8039-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8039-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We compare and evaluate East Asian methane emissions inferred from different satellite observations (GOSAT and TROPOMI). The results show discrepancies over northern India and eastern China. Independent ground-based observations are more consistent with TROPOMI-derived emissions in northern India and GOSAT-derived emissions in eastern China.
Marc Guevara, Hervé Petetin, Oriol Jorba, Hugo Denier van der Gon, Jeroen Kuenen, Ingrid Super, Claire Granier, Thierno Doumbia, Philippe Ciais, Zhu Liu, Robin D. Lamboll, Sabine Schindlbacher, Bradley Matthews, and Carlos Pérez García-Pando
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8081–8101, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8081-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8081-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides an intercomparison of European 2020 emission changes derived from official inventories, which are reported by countries under the framework of several international conventions and directives, and non-official near-real-time estimates, the use of which has significantly grown since the COVID-19 outbreak. The results of the work are used to produce recommendations on how best to approach and make use of near-real-time emissions for modelling and monitoring applications.
Amy Christiansen, Loretta J. Mickley, and Lu Hu
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1249, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1249, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, we provide an additional constraint on emissions and trends of nitrogen oxides using nitrate wet deposition (NWD) fluxes over the United States and Europe from 1980–2020. We find that NWD measurements constrain total NOx emissions well. We also find evidence of NOx emissions overestimates in both domains, but especially over Europe, where NOx emissions are overestimated by a factor of 2. Reducing NOx emissions over Europe improves model representation of ozone at the surface.
Cited articles
Allen, D., Pickering, K., Duncan, B., and Damon, M.: Impact of lightning NO
emissions on North American photochemistry as determined using the Global
Modeling Initiative (GMI) model, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D22301,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD014062, 2010.
Alexander, B., Savarino, J., Kreutz, K. J., and Thiemens, M. H.: Impact of
preindustrial biomass burning emissions on the oxidation pathways of
tropospheric sulphur and nitrogen, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D08303,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD004218, 2004.
Amos, H. M., Jacob, D. J., Holmes, C. D., Fisher, J. A., Wang, Q., Yantosca,
R. M., Corbitt, E. S., Galarneau, E., Rutter, A. P., Gustin, M. S., Steffen,
A., Schauer, J. J., Graydon, J. A., Louis, V. L. St., Talbot, R. W.,
Edgerton, E. S., Zhang, Y., and Sunderland, E. M.: Gas-particle partitioning
of atmospheric Hg(II) and its effect on global mercury deposition, Atmos.
Chem. Phys., 12, 591–603, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-591-2012, 2012.
Anastasio, C. and Chu, L.: Photochemistry of nitrous acid (HONO) and nitrous
acidium ion (H2ONO+) in aqueous solution and ice, Environ. Sci.
Technol., 43, 1108–1114, 2009.
Beine, H., Anastastio, C., Esposito, G., Patten, K., Wilkening, E.,
Domine, F., Voisin, D., Barret, M., Houdier, S., and Hall, S.: Soluble,
light-absorbing species in snow at Barrow, Alaska, J. Geophys. Res., 116,
D00R05, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016181, 2011.
Bergin, M. H., Jaffrezo, J.-L., Davidson, C. I., Dibb, J. E., Pandis, S. N.,
Hillamo, R., Maenhaut, M., Kuhns, H. D., and Makela, T.: The contributions of
snow, fog, and dry deposition to the summer flux of anions and cations at
Summit, Greenland, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 16275–16288, 1995.
Berhanu, T. A., Meusinger, C., Erbland, J., Jost, R., Bhattcharya, S. K.,
Johnson, M. S., and Savarino, J.: Laboratory study of nitrate photolysis in
Antarctic snow. I I. Isotopic effects and wavelength dependence, J. Chem.
Phys., 140, 244306, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4882899, 2014.
Bey, I., Jacob, D. J., Yantosca, R. M., Logan, J. A., Field, B. D.,
Fiore, A. M., Li, Q., Liu, H. Y., Mickley, L. J., and Schultz, M. G.: Global
modeling of tropospheric chemistry with assimilated meteorology: model
description and evaluation, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 23073–23095, 2001.
Bian, H. S. and Prather, M. J.: Fast-J2: Accurate simulation of stratospheric
photolysis in global chemical models, J. Atmos. Chem., 41, 281–296, 2002.
Bloss, W. J., Lee, J. D., Heard, D. E., Salmon, R. A., Bauguitte, S. J.-B.,
Roscoe, H. K., and Jones, A. E.: Observations of OH and HO2 radicals in
coastal Antarctica, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4171–4185,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4171-2007, 2007.
Blunier, T., Gregoire, F. L., Jacobi, H.-W., and Quansah, E.: Isotopic view
on nitrate loss in Antarctic surface snow, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L13501,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL023011, 2005.
Boxe, C. S., Colussi, A. J., Hoffmann, M. R., Murphy, J. G.,
Wolldridge, P. J., Bertram, T. H., and Cohen, R. C.: Photochemical production
and release of gaseous NO2 from nitrate-doped water ice, J. Phys. Chem.
A, 109, 8520–8525, 2005.
Burkhart, J. F., Bales, R. C., McConnell, J. R., Hutterli, M. A., and Frey,
M. M.: Geographic variability of nitrate deposition and preservation over the
Greenland ice sheet, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D06301, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD010600,
2009.
Casasanta, G., Pietroni, I., Petenko, I., and Argentini, S.: Observed and
modelled convective mixing-layer height and Dome C, Antarctica, Bound.-Lay.
Meteorol., 151, 597–608, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-014-9907-5, 2014.
Chen, G., Davis, D., Crawford, J., Hutterli, L. M., Huey, L. G., Slusher, D.,
Mauldin, L., Eisele, F., Tanner, D., Dibb, J., Buhr, M., McConnell, J.,
Lefer, B., Shetter, R., Blake, D., Song, C. H., Lombardi, K., and
Arnoldy, J.: A reassessment of HOx South Pole chemistry based on
observations recorded during ISCAT 2000, Atmos. Environ., 38, 5451–5461,
2004.
Chen, G., Huey, L. G., Crawford, J. H., Olson, J. R., Hutterli, M. A.,
Sjostedt, S., Tanner, D., Dibb, J., Lefer, B., Blake, N., Davis, D., and
Stohl, A.: An assessment of the polar HOx photochemical budget based on
2003 Summit Greenland Field Observations, Atmos. Environ., 41, 7806–7820,
2007.
Cho, H., Shepson, P. B., Barrie, L. A., Cowin, J. P., and Zaveri, R.: NMR
investigation of the quasi-brine layer in ice/brine mixtures, J. Phys.
Chem. B., 106, 11226–11232, 2002.
Chu, L. and Anastasio. C.: Quantum yields of hydroxyl radicals and nitrogen
dioxide from the photolysis of nitrate on ice, J. Phys. Chem. A, 107,
9594–9602, 2003.
Cohen, L., Helmig, D., Neff, W. D., Grachev, A. A., and Fairall, C. W.:
Boundary-layer dynamics and its influence on atmospheric chemistry at Summit,
Greenland, Atmos. Environ., 41, 5044–5060, 2007.
Davidson, C. I., Harrington, J. R., Stephenson, M. J., Small, M. J., Boscoe,
F. P., and Gandley, R. E.: Seasonal variations in sulfate, nitrate, and
chloride in the Greenland ice sheet: relation to atmospheric concentrations,
Atmos. Environ., 23, 2483–2493, 1989.
Davis, D., Chen, G., Buhr, M., Crawford, J., Lenschow, D., Lefer, B.,
Shetter, R., Eisele, F., Mauldin, L., and Hogan, A.: South Pole NOx
chemistry: an assessment of factors controlling variability and absolute
levels, Atmos. Environ., 38, 5375–5388, 2004.
Davis, D. D., Seelig, J., Huey, G., Crawford, J., Chen, G., Wang, Y.,
Buhr, M., Helmig, D., Neff, W., Blake, D., Arimoto, R., and Eisele, F.:
A reassessment of Antarctic plateau reactive nitrogen based on ANTCI 2003
airborne and ground based measurements, Atmos. Environ., 42, 2831–2848,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.07.039, 2008.
Dibb, J. E., Talbot, R. W., and Bergin, M. H.: Soluble acidic species in air
and snow at Summit, Greenland, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 1627–1630, 1994.
Dibb, J. E., Huey, G. L., Slusher, D. L., and Tanner, D. J.: Soluble reactive
nitrogen oxides at South Pole during ISCAT 2000, Atmos. Environ., 38,
5399–5409, 2004.
Dibb, J. E., Whitlow, S. I., and Arsenault, M.: Seasonal variations in the
soluble ion content of snow at Summit, Greenland: constraints from three
years of daily surface snow samples, Atmos. Environ., 41, 5007–5019,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.12.010, 2007.
Doherty, S. J., Warren, S. G., Grenfell, T. C., Clarke, A. D., and Brandt, R.
E.: Light-absorbing impurities in Arctic snow, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10,
11647–11680, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11647-2010, 2010.
Doherty, S. J., Grenfell, T. C., Forsstrom, S., Hegg, D. L., Brandt, R. E.,
and Warren, S. G.: Observed vertical redistribution of black carbon and other
insoluble light-absorbing particles in melting snow, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.,
118, 5553–5569, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50235, 2013.
Domine, F. and Shepson, P. B.: Air-snow interactions and atmospheric
chemistry, Science, 297, 1506–1510, 2002.
Domine, F., Bock, J., Voisin, D., and Donaldson, D. J.: Can we model snow
photochemistry? Problems with the current approaches, J. Phys. Chem. A, 117,
4733–4749, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp3123314, 2013.
Drue, C. and Heinemann, G.: Characteristics of intermittent turbulence in the
upper stable boundary layer over Greenland, Boundary-Layer Meteorol., 124,
361–381, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-007-9175-8, 2007.
Erbland, J., Vicars, W. C., Savarino, J., Morin, S., Frey, M. M., Frosini,
D., Vince, E., and Martins, J. M. F.: Air-snow transfer of nitrate on the
East Antarctic Plateau – Part 1: Isotopic evidence for a photolytically
driven dynamic equilibrium in summer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 6403–6419,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-6403-2013, 2013.
Erbland, J., Savarino, J., Morin, S., France, J. L., Frey, M. M., and King,
M. D.: Air-snow transfer of nitrate on the East Antarctic Plateau – Part 2:
An isotopic model for the interpretation of deep ice-core records, Atmos.
Chem. Phys., 15, 12079–12113, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-12079-2015, 2015.
Fisher, J. A., Jacob, D. J., Wang, Q., Bahreini, R., Carouge, C. C.,
Cubison, M. J., Dibb, J. E., Diehl, T., Jimenez, J. L., Leibensperger, E. M.,
Meinders, M. B. T., Pye, H. O. T., Quinn, P. K., Sharma, S., van
Donkelaar, A., and Yantosca, R. M.: Sources, distribution, and acidity of
sulfate-ammonium aerosol in the Arctic in winter-spring, Atmos. Environ., 45,
7301–7318, 2011.
Frey, M. M., Savarino, J., Morin, S., Erbland, J., and Martins, J. M. F.:
Photolysis imprint in the nitrate stable isotope signal in snow and
atmosphere of East Antarctica and implications for reactive nitrogen cycling,
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 8681–8696, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-8681-2009, 2009.
Frey, M. M., Brough, N., France, J. L., Anderson, P. S., Traulle, O., King,
M. D., Jones, A. E., Wolff, E. W., and Savarino, J.: The diurnal variability
of atmospheric nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2) above the Antarctic Plateau
driven by atmospheric stability and snow emissions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13,
3045–3062, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3045-2013, 2013.
Freyer, H. D., Kley, D., Voiz-Thomas, A., and Kobel, K.: On the interaction
of isotopic exchange processes with photochemical reactions in atmospheric
oxides of nitrogen, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 98, 14791–14796, 1993.
Gallet, J.-C., Domine, F., Arnaud, L., Picard, G., and Savarino, J.: Vertical
profile of the specific surface area and density of the snow at Dome C and on
a transect to Dumont D'Urville, Antarctica –albedo calculations and
comparison to remote sensing products, The Cryosphere, 5, 631–649,
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-631-2011, 2011.
Geng, L., Alexander, B., Cole-Dai, J., Steig, E. J., Savarino, J.,
Sofen, E. D., and Schauer, A. J.: Nitrogen isotopes in ice core nitrate
linked to anthropogenic atmospheric acidity change, P. Natl. Acad. Sci., 111,
5808–5812, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1319441111, 2014a.
Geng, L., Cole-Dai, J., Alexander, B., Erbland, J., Savarino, J., Schauer, A.
J., Steig, E. J., Lin, P., Fu, Q., and Zatko, M. C.: On the origin of the
occasional spring nitrate peak in Greenland snow, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14,
13361–13376, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13361-2014, 2014b.
Geng, L., Zatko, M. C., Alexander, B., Fudge, T. J., Schauer, A. J., Murray,
L. T., and Mickley, L. J.: Effects of post-depositional processing on
nitrogen isotopes of nitrate in the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) ice
core, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 5346–5354, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL064218, 2015.
Grannas, A. M., Jones, A. E., Dibb, J., Ammann, M., Anastasio, C.,
Beine, H. J., Bergin, M., Bottenheim, J., Boxe, C. S., Carver, G., Chen, G.,
Crawford, J. H., Dominé, F., Frey, M. M., Guzmán, M. I.,
Heard, D. E., Helmig, D., Hoffmann, M. R., Honrath, R. E., Huey, L. G.,
Hutterli, M., Jacobi, H. W., Klán, P., Lefer, B., McConnell, J.,
Plane, J., Sander, R., Savarino, J., Shepson, P. B., Simpson, W. R.,
Sodeau, J. R., von Glasow, R., Weller, R., Wolff, E. W., and Zhu, T.: An
overview of snow photochemistry: evidence, mechanisms and impacts, Atmos.
Chem. Phys., 7, 4329–4373, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4329-2007, 2007.
Grenfell, T. C.: A radiative transfer model for sea ice with vertical
structure variations, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 16991–17001, 1991.
Grenfell, T. C., Warren, S. G., and Mullen, P. C.: Reflection of solar
radiation by the Antarctic snow surface at ultraviolet, visible, and
near-infrared wavelengths, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 18669–18684, 1994.
Handorf, D., Foken, T., and Kottmeier, C.: The stable atmospheric boundary
layer over an Antarctic ice sheet, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 91, 165–189, 1999.
Hastings, M. G., Steig, E. J., and Sigman, D. M.: Seasonal variations in N
and O isotopes of nitrate in snow at Summit, Greenland: Implications for the
study of nitrate in snow and ice cores, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D20306,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD004991, 2004.
Hastings, M. G., Sigman, D. M., and Steig, E. J.: Glacial/interglacial
changes in the isotopes of nitrate from the Greenland Ice Sheet Project
(GISP2) ice core, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 19, GB4024,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GB002502, 2005.
Heaton, T. H. E., Spiro, B., and Robertson, M. C. S.: Potential canopy
influences on the isotopic composition of nitrogen and sulphur in atmospheric
deposition, Oecologia, 109, 600–607, 1997.
Helmig, D., Boulter, J., David, D., Birks, J. W., Cullen, N. J., Steffen, K.,
Johnson, B. J., and Oltmans, S. J.: Ozone and meteorological boundary-layer
conditions at Summit, Greenland, during 3-21 2000, Atmos. Environ., 36,
2595–2608, 2002.
Helmig, D., Johnson, B., Oltmans, S. J., Neff, W., Eisele, F., and Davis, D.:
Elevated ozone in the boundary layer at South Pole, Atmos. Environ., 42,
2788–2803, 2008.
Holtslag, A. A. M. and Boville, B.: Local versus nonlocal boundary layer
diffusion in a global climate model, J. Climate, 6, 1825–1842, 1993.
Honrath, R. E., Lu, Y., Peterson, M. C., Dibb, J. E., Arsenault, M. A.,
Cullen, N. J., and Steffen, K.: Vertical fluxes of NOx, HONO, and
HNO3 above the snowpack at Summit, Greenland, Atmos. Environ., 36,
2629–2640, 2002.
Hudman, R. C., Moore, N. E., Mebust, A. K., Martin, R. V., Russell, A. R.,
Valin, L. C., and Cohen, R. C.: Steps towards a mechanistic model of global
soil nitric oxide emissions: implementation and space based-constraints,
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 7779–7795, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-7779-2012, 2012.
Jarvis, J. C., Hastings, M. G., Steig, E. J., and Kunasek, S. A.: Isotopic
ratios in gas-phase HNO3 and snow nitrate at Summit, Greenland, J.
Geophys. Res., 114, D17301, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD012134, 2009.
Jin, Z., Charlock, T. P., Yang, P., Xie, Y., and Miller, W.: Snow optical
properties for different particle shapes with application to snow grain size
retrieval and MODIS/CERES radiance comparison over Antarctica, Remote. Sens.
Environ., 112, 3563–3581, 2008.
Jones, A. E., Anderson, P. S., Wolff, E. W., Turner, J., Rankin, A. M., and
Colwell, S. R.: A role for newly forming sea ice in springtime polar
tropospheric ozone loss? Observational evidence from Halley station,
Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D08306, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006566, 2006.
Jones, A. E., Wolff, E. W., Salmon, R. A., Bauguitte, S. J.-B.,
Roscoe, H. K., Anderson, P. S., Ames, D., Clemitshaw, K. C., Fleming, Z. L.,
Bloss, W. J., Heard, D. E., Lee, J. D., Read, K. A., Hamer, P.,
Shallcross, D. E., Jackson, A. V., Walker, S. L., Lewis, A. C., Mills, G. P.,
Plane, J. M. C., Saiz-Lopez, A., Sturges, W. T., and Worton, D. R.: Chemistry
of the Antarctic Boundary Layer and the Interface with Snow: an overview of
the CHABLIS campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 3789–3803,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-3789-2008, 2008.
King, J. C., Argentini, S. A., and Anderson, P. S.: Contrasts between the
summertime surface energy balance and boundary layer structure at Dome C and
Halley stations, Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D02105,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006130, 2006.
Klein, K.: Variability in Dry Antarctic Firn; Investigations on Spatially
Distributed Snow and Firn Samples from Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, PhD
thesis, Universität Bremen, Germany, available at:
http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:46-00104117-15, last access:
15 April 2014.
Kodama, Y., Wendler, G., and Ishikawa, N.: The diurnal variation of the
boundary layer in summer in Adelie Land, Eastern Antarctica, J. Appl.
Meteorol., 28, 16–24, 1989.
Konig-Langlo, G., King, J., and Pettre, P.: Climatology of the three coastal
Antarctic stations Durmont D'urville, Neumayer, and Halley, J. Geophys. Res.,
103, 10935–10946, 1998.
Lee, H., Henze, D. K., Alexander, B., and Murray, L. T.: Investigating the
sensitivity of surface-level nitrate seasonality in Antarctica to primary
sources using a global model, Atmos. Environ., 89, 757–767,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.03.003, 2014.
Legrand, M. R. and Kirchner, S.: Origins and variations of nitrate in South
Polar precipitation, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 3493–3507, 1990.
Levy, H., Moxim, W. J., Klonecki, A. A., and Kasibhatla, P. S.: Simulated
tropospheric NOx: its evaluation, global distribution and individual
source contributions, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 26279–26306, 1999.
Libois, Q., Picard, G., France, J. L., Arnaud, L., Dumont, M., Carmagnola, C.
M., and King, M. D.: Influence of grain shape on light penetration in snow,
The Cryosphere, 7, 1803–1818, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1803-2013, 2013.
Lin, J. T. and McElroy, M. B.: Impacts of boundary layer mixing on pollutant
vertical profiles in the lower troposphere: Implications to satellite remote
sensing, Atmos. Environ., 44, 1726–1749, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.02.009,
2010.
Liu, H., Jacob, D. J., Bey, I., and Yantosca, R. M.: Constraints from
210Pb and 7Be on wet deposition and transport in a global
three-dimensional chemical tracer model driven by assimilated meteorological
fields, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 12109–12128, 2001.
Logan, J. A.: Nitrogen oxides in the troposphere: global and regional
budgets, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 10785–10807, https://doi.org/10.1029/JC088iC15p10785,
1983.
Mack, J. and Bolton, J. R.: Photochemistry of nitrite and nitrate in aqueous
solution: a review, J. Photoch. Photobio. A, 128, 1–13, 1999.
Mao, J., Jacob, D. J., Evans, M. J., Olson, J. R., Ren, X., Brune, W. H.,
Clair, J. M. St., Crounse, J. D., Spencer, K. M., Beaver, M. R., Wennberg, P.
O., Cubison, M. J., Jimenez, J. L., Fried, A., Weibring, P., Walega, J. G.,
Hall, S. R., Weinheimer, A. J., Cohen, R. C., Chen, G., Crawford, J. H.,
McNaughton, C., Clarke, A. D., Jaeglé, L., Fisher, J. A., Yantosca, R.
M., Le Sager, P., and Carouge, C.: Chemistry of hydrogen oxide radicals
(HOx) in the Arctic troposphere in spring, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10,
5823–5838, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-5823-2010, 2010.
Mayewski, P. A. and Legrand, M. R.: Recent increase in nitrate concentration
of Antarctic snow, Nature, 346, 258–260, 1990.
Meusinger, C., Berhanu, T. A., Erbland, J., Savarino, J., and Johnson, M. S.:
Laboratory study of nitrate photolysis in Antarctic snow. I. Observed quantum
yield, domain of photolysis, and secondary chemistry, J. Chem. Phys., 140,
244305, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4882898, 2014.
Morin, S., Savarino, J., Frey, M. M., Domine, F., Jacobi, H.-W.,
Kaleschke, L., and Martins, J. M. F.: Comprehensive isotopic composition of
atmospheric nitrate in the Atlantic Ocean boundary layer from 65° S
to 79° N, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D05303, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD010696,
2009.
Mulvaney, R., Wagenbach, D., and Wolff, E. W.: Postdepositional change in
snowpack nitrate from observation of year-round near-surface snow in coastal
Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 11021–11031, 1998.
Murray, L. T., Jacob, D. J., Logan, J. A., Hudman, R. C., and Koshak, W. J.:
Optimized regional and interannual variability of lightning in a global
chemical transport model constrained by LIS/OTD satellite data, J. Geophys.
Res., 117, D20307, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JD017934, 2012.
Neff, W., Helmig, D., Grachev, A., and Davis, D.: A study of boundary layer
behaviour associated with high concentrations at the South Pole using
a minisoder, tethered balloon, and a sonic anemometer, Atmos. Environ., 42,
2762–2779, 2008.
Oliver, J. G. J., Van Aardenne, J. A., Dentener, F. J., Pagliari, V.,
Ganzeveld, L. N., and Peters, J. A. H. W.: Recent trends in global greenhouse
gas emissions: regional trends 1970–2000 and spatial distribution of key
sources in 2000, Environm. Sci., 2, 81–99, https://doi.org/10.1080/15693430500400345,
2005.
Oncley, S., Buhr, M., Lenschow, D., Davis, D., and Semmer, S.: Observations
of summertime NO fluxes and boundary-layer height at the South Pole during
ISCAT 2000 using scalar similarity, Atmos. Environ., 38, 5389–5398,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.05.053, 2004.
Parish, T. R. and Bromwich, D. H.: Reexamination of the near-surface airflow
over the Antarctic continent and implications on atmospheric circulations at
high southern latitudes, Mon. Weather Rev., 135, 1961–1973, 2007.
Pratt, K. A., Custard, K. D., Shepson, P. B., Douglas, T. A., Pohler, D.,
General, S., Zielcke, J., Simpson, W. R., Platt, U., Tanner, D. J.,
Huey, L. G., Carlsen, M., and Stirm, B. H.: Photochemical production of
molecular bromine in Arctic surface snowpacks, Nature, 6, 351–356,
https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO1779, 2013.
Price, C. and Rind, D.: A simple lightning parameterization for calculating
global lightning distributions, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 9919–9933, 1992.
Rothlisberger, R., Hutterli, M. A., Sommer, S., Wolff, E. W., and
Mulvaney, R.: Factors controlling nitrate in ice cores: evidence from the
Dome C deep ice core, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 20565–20572, 2000.
Sander, S. P., Friedl, R. R., Golden, D. M., Kurylo, M. J., Moortgat, G. K.,
Keller-Rudek, H., Wine, P. J., Ravishankara, A. R., Kolb, C. E.,
Molina, M. J., Finalyson-Pitts, B. J., Huie, R. E., and Orkin, V. L.:
Chemical kinetics and photochemical data for use in atmospheric studies
evaluation number 15, JPL Publications, 06-2, Pasadena, California, USA,
1–523, 2006.
Savarino, J., Kaiser, J., Morin, S., Sigman, D. M., and Thiemens, M. H.:
Nitrogen and oxygen isotopic constraints on the origin of atmospheric nitrate
in coastal Antarctica, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 1925–1945,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-1925-2007, 2007.
Shi, G., Buffen, A. M., Hastings, M. G., Li, C., Ma, H., Li, Y., Sun, B., An,
C., and Jiang, S.: Investigation of post-depositional processing of nitrate
in East Antarctic snow: isotopic constraints on photolytic loss,
re-oxidation, and source inputs, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 9435–9453,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9435-2015, 2015.
Sjostedt, S. J., Huey, L. G., Tanner, D. J., Peischl, J., Chen, G.,
Dibb, J. E., Lefer, B., Hutterli, M. A., Beyersdorf, A. J., Blake, N. J.,
Blake, D. R., Sueper, D., Ryerson, T., Burkhart, J., and Stohl, A.:
Observations of hydroxul and the sum of peroxy radicals at Summit, Greenland
during summer 2003, Atmos. Environ., 41, 5122–5137, 2007.
Slusher, D. L., Huey, L. G., Tanner, D. J., Chen, G., Davis, D. D., Buhr, M.,
Nowak, J. B., Eisele, F. L., Kosciuch, E., Mauldin, R. L., Lefer, B. L.,
Shetter, R. E., and Dibb, J. E.: Measurements of pernitric acid at the South
Pole during ISCAT 2000, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 7-1–7-4,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL015703, 2002.
Sofen, E. D., Alexander, B., Steig, E. J., Thiemens, M. H., Kunasek, S. A.,
Amos, H. M., Schauer, A. J., Hastings, M. G., Bautista, J., Jackson, T. L.,
Vogel, L. E., McConnell, J. R., Pasteris, D. R., and Saltzman, E. S.: WAIS
Divide ice core suggests sustained changes in the atmospheric formation
pathways of sulfate and nitrate since the 19th century in the extratropical
Southern Hemisphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 5749–5769,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-5749-2014, 2014.
Thomas, J. L., Dibb, J. E., Huey, L. G., Liao, J., Tanner, D., Lefer, B., von
Glasow, R., and Stutz, J.: Modeling chemistry in and above snow at Summit,
Greenland – Part 2: Impact of snowpack chemistry on the oxidation capacity of
the boundary layer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 6537–6554,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-6537-2012, 2012.
Thompson, A. M.: The oxidizing capacity of the Earth's atmosphere: probable
past and future changes, Science, 256, 1157–1165, 1992.
Travouillon, T., Ashley, M. C. B., Burton, M. G., Storey, J. W. V., and
Loewenstein, R. F.: Atmospheric turbulence at the South Pole and its
implications for astronomy, Astron. Astrophys., 400, 1163–1172,
https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20021814, 2003.
UNEP/WMO: Integrated Assessment of Black Carbon and Tropospheric Ozone:
Summary for Decision Makers, UNON/Publishing Services Section, Nairobi, ISO
14001:2004, 2011.
van der Werf, G. R., Morton, D. C., DeFries, R. S., Giglio, L., Randerson, J.
T., Collatz, G. J., and Kasibhatla, P. S.: Estimates of fire emissions from
an active deforestation region in the southern Amazon based on satellite data
and biogeochemical modelling, Biogeosciences, 6, 235–249,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-235-2009, 2009.
van Donkelaar, A., Martin, R. V., Leaitch, W. R., Macdonald, A. M., Walker,
T. W., Streets, D. G., Zhang, Q., Dunlea, E. J., Jimenez, J. L., Dibb, J. E.,
Huey, L. G., Weber, R., and Andreae, M. O.: Analysis of aircraft and
satellite measurements from the Intercontinental Chemical Transport
Experiment (INTEX-B) to quantify long-range transport of East Asian sulfur to
Canada, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 2999–3014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-2999-2008, 2008.
Walters, W. W., Goodwin, S. R., and Michalski, G.: Nitrogen stable isotope
composition δ15N of vehicle-emitted NOx, Environ. Sci. Tech.,
49, 2278–2285, https://doi.org/10.1021/es505580v, 2015.
Wang, Q., Jacob, D. J., Fisher, J. A., Mao, J., Leibensperger, E. M.,
Carouge, C. C., Le Sager, P., Kondo, Y., Jimenez, J. L., Cubison, M. J., and
Doherty, S. J.: Sources of carbonaceous aerosols and deposited black carbon
in the Arctic in winter-spring: implications for radiative forcing, Atmos.
Chem. Phys., 11, 12453–12473, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-12453-2011, 2011.
Wang, Y., Jacob, D. J., and Logan, J. A.: Global simulation of tropospheric
O3-NOx hydrocarbon chemistry – Part 1: Model formulation, J. Geophys.
Res., 103, 10713–10725, 1998.
Wang, Y., Choi, Y., Zeng, T., Davis, D., Buhr, M., Huey, G. L., and Neff, W.:
Assessing the photochemical impact of snow NOx emissions over Antarctica
during ANTCI 2003, Atmos. Environ., 41, 3944–3958,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.01.056, 2008.
Weller, R., Minikin, A., Konig-Langlo, G., Schrems, O., Jones, A. E.,
Wolff, E. W., and Anderson, P. S.: Investigating possible causes of the
observed diurnal variability in Antarctic NOy, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26,
2853–2856, 1999.
Wesely, M. L.: Parameterization of surface resistances to gaseous dry
deposition in regional-scale numerical-models, Atmos. Environ., 23,
1293–130, 1989.
Wespes, C., Emmons, L., Edwards, D. P., Hannigan, J., Hurtmans, D., Saunois,
M., Coheur, P.-F., Clerbaux, C., Coffey, M. T., Batchelor, R. L.,
Lindenmaier, R., Strong, K., Weinheimer, A. J., Nowak, J. B., Ryerson, T. B.,
Crounse, J. D., and Wennberg, P. O.: Analysis of ozone and nitric acid in
spring and summer Arctic pollution using aircraft, ground-based, satellite
observations and MOZART-4 model: source attribution and partitioning, Atmos.
Chem. Phys., 12, 237–259, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-237-2012, 2012.
Wild, O., Zhu, Q., and Prather, M. J.: Fast-J: accurate simulation of in- and
below-cloud photolysis in global chemical models, J. Atmos. Chem., 37,
245–282, 2000.
Wolff, E. W.: Nitrate in polar ice, in: Ice Core Studies of Global
Biogeochem. Cycles, NATO ASI Ser., Ser. I, 195–224, edited by: Delmas, R.
J., Springer, New York, USA, 1995.
Wolff, E. W., Jones, A. E., Bauguitte, S. J.-B., and Salmon, R. A.: The
interpretation of spikes and trends in concentration of nitrate in polar ice
cores, based on evidence from snow and atmospheric measurements, Atmos. Chem.
Phys., 8, 5627–5634, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-5627-2008, 2008.
Xu, L. and Penner, J. E.: Global simulations of nitrate and ammonium aerosols
and their radiative effects, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 9479–9504,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-9479-2012, 2012.
Zatko, M. C. and Warren, S. G.: East Antarctic sea ice in spring: spectral
albedo of snow, nilas, frost flowers, and slush; and light-absorbing
impurities in snow, Ann. Glaciol., 56, 53–64, https://doi.org/10.3189/2015AoG69A574,
2015.
Zatko, M. C., Grenfell, T. C., Alexander, B., Doherty, S. J., Thomas, J. L.,
and Yang, X.: The influence of snow grain size and impurities on the vertical
profiles of actinic flux and associated NOx emissions on the Antarctic
and Greenland ice sheets, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 3547–3567,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3547-2013, 2013.
Zhang, L., Gong, S., Padro, J., and Barrie, L.: A size-segregated particle
dry deposition scheme for an atmospheric aerosol module, Atmos. Environ., 35,
549–560, 2001.
Zhu, C., Xiang, B., Chu, L. T., and Zhu, L.: 308 nm photolysis of
nitric acid in the gas phase, on aluminum surfaces, and on ice films,
J. Phys. Chem. A., 114, 2561–2568, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp909867a, 2010.
Short summary
We have incorporated an idealized snowpack with a nitrate photolysis parameterization into a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to examine the implications of snow nitrate photolysis for boundary layer chemistry, the recycling and redistribution of reactive nitrogen, and the preservation of ice-core nitrate in ice cores across Antarctica and Greenland. We also examine the sensitivity of these processes to meteorological parameters and chemical, optical, and physical snow properties.
We have incorporated an idealized snowpack with a nitrate photolysis parameterization into a...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint