Articles | Volume 11, issue 18
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-9983-2011
© Author(s) 2011. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-9983-2011
© Author(s) 2011. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
29 Sep 2011
Research article |
| 29 Sep 2011
In situ observations of new particle formation in the tropical upper troposphere: the role of clouds and the nucleation mechanism
R. Weigel
Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany
S. Borrmann
Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany
Abteilung Partikelchemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Mainz, Germany
J. Kazil
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, USA
A. Minikin
Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
A. Stohl
Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Kjeller, Norway
J. C. Wilson
Department of Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
J. M. Reeves
Department of Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
D. Kunkel
Abteilung Partikelchemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Mainz, Germany
M. de Reus
Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany
W. Frey
Abteilung Partikelchemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Mainz, Germany
E. R. Lovejoy
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
C. M. Volk
Institut für Atmosphärenphysik, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Germany
S. Viciani
Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Firenze, Italy
F. D'Amato
Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Firenze, Italy
C. Schiller
Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung – Stratosphäre, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany
T. Peter
Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH), Zürich, Switzerland
H. Schlager
Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
F. Cairo
Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima ISAC-CNR, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Italy
K. S. Law
UPMC Univ. Paris 06; Université Versailles St-Quentin; CNRS/INSU, UMR 8190, LATMOS-IPSL, Paris, France
G. N. Shur
Central Aerological Observatory, Dolgoprudny, Moskow Region, Russia
G. V. Belyaev
MDB-Myasishchev Design Bureau, Zhukovsky-5, Moscow Region, Russia
J. Curtius
Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany
now at: Institut für Atmosphäre und Umwelt, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Related subject area
Subject: Aerosols | Research Activity: Field Measurements | Altitude Range: Stratosphere | Science Focus: Physics (physical properties and processes)
The Asian tropopause aerosol layer within the 2017 monsoon anticyclone: microphysical properties derived from aircraft-borne in situ measurements
Wildfire smoke, Arctic haze, and aerosol effects on mixed-phase and cirrus clouds over the North Pole region during MOSAiC: an introduction
In situ observation of new particle formation (NPF) in the tropical tropopause layer of the 2017 Asian monsoon anticyclone – Part 1: Summary of StratoClim results
Large hemispheric difference in nucleation mode aerosol concentrations in the lowermost stratosphere at mid- and high latitudes
Radiative and chemical implications of the size and composition of aerosol particles in the existing or modified global stratosphere
Measurement Report: Lidar measurements of stratospheric aerosol following the 2019 Raikoke and Ulawun volcanic eruptions
Strong day-to-day variability of the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer (ATAL) in August 2016 at the Himalayan foothills
Results from the Fourth WMO Filter Radiometer Comparison for aerosol optical depth measurements
Long-range transport of stratospheric aerosols in the Southern Hemisphere following the 2015 Calbuco eruption
Particulate sulfur in the upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere – sources and climate forcing
Enhancements of the refractory submicron aerosol fraction in the Arctic polar vortex: feature or exception?
In situ detection of electrified aerosols in the upper troposphere and stratosphere
Stratospheric aerosols from the Sarychev volcano eruption in the 2009 Arctic summer
35 yr of stratospheric aerosol measurements at Garmisch-Partenkirchen: from Fuego to Eyjafjallajökull, and beyond
Composition and evolution of volcanic aerosol from eruptions of Kasatochi, Sarychev and Eyjafjallajökull in 2008–2010 based on CARIBIC observations
Changes in the production rate of secondary aerosol particles in Central Europe in view of decreasing SO2 emissions between 1996 and 2006
Christoph Mahnke, Ralf Weigel, Francesco Cairo, Jean-Paul Vernier, Armin Afchine, Martina Krämer, Valentin Mitev, Renaud Matthey, Silvia Viciani, Francesco D'Amato, Felix Ploeger, Terry Deshler, and Stephan Borrmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 15259–15282, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15259-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15259-2021, 2021
Short summary
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In 2017, in situ aerosol measurements were conducted aboard the M55 Geophysica in the Asian monsoon region. The vertical particle mixing ratio profiles show a distinct layer (15–18.5 km), the Asian tropopause aerosol layer (ATAL). The backscatter ratio (BR) was calculated based on the aerosol size distributions and compared with the BRs detected by a backscatter probe and a lidar aboard M55, and by the CALIOP lidar. All four methods show enhanced BRs in the ATAL altitude range (max. at 17.5 km).
Ronny Engelmann, Albert Ansmann, Kevin Ohneiser, Hannes Griesche, Martin Radenz, Julian Hofer, Dietrich Althausen, Sandro Dahlke, Marion Maturilli, Igor Veselovskii, Cristofer Jimenez, Robert Wiesen, Holger Baars, Johannes Bühl, Henriette Gebauer, Moritz Haarig, Patric Seifert, Ulla Wandinger, and Andreas Macke
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 13397–13423, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13397-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13397-2021, 2021
Short summary
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A Raman lidar was operated aboard the icebreaker Polarstern during MOSAiC and monitored aerosol and cloud layers in the central Arctic up to 30 km height. The article provides an overview of the spectrum of aerosol profiling observations and shows aerosol–cloud interaction studies for liquid-water and ice clouds. A highlight was the detection of a 10 km deep wildfire smoke layer over the North Pole up to 17 km height from the fire season of 2019, which persisted over the whole winter period.
Ralf Weigel, Christoph Mahnke, Manuel Baumgartner, Antonis Dragoneas, Bärbel Vogel, Felix Ploeger, Silvia Viciani, Francesco D'Amato, Silvia Bucci, Bernard Legras, Beiping Luo, and Stephan Borrmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 11689–11722, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11689-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11689-2021, 2021
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In July and August 2017, eight StratoClim mission flights of the Geophysica reached up to 20 km in the Asian monsoon anticyclone. New particle formation (NPF) was identified in situ by abundant nucleation-mode aerosols (6–15 nm in diameter) with mixing ratios of up to 50 000 mg−1. NPF occurred most frequently at 12–16 km with fractions of non-volatile residues of down to 15 %. Abundance and productivity of observed NPF indicate its ability to promote the Asian tropopause aerosol layer.
Christina J. Williamson, Agnieszka Kupc, Andrew Rollins, Jan Kazil, Karl D. Froyd, Eric A. Ray, Daniel M. Murphy, Gregory P. Schill, Jeff Peischl, Chelsea Thompson, Ilann Bourgeois, Thomas B. Ryerson, Glenn S. Diskin, Joshua P. DiGangi, Donald R. Blake, Thao Paul V. Bui, Maximilian Dollner, Bernadett Weinzierl, and Charles A. Brock
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 9065–9088, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9065-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9065-2021, 2021
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Aerosols in the stratosphere influence climate by scattering and absorbing sunlight and through chemical reactions occurring on the particles’ surfaces. We observed more nucleation mode aerosols (small aerosols, with diameters below 12 nm) in the mid- and high-latitude lowermost stratosphere (8–13 km) in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) than in the Southern Hemisphere. The most likely cause of this is aircraft emissions, which are concentrated in the NH at similar altitudes to our observations.
Daniel M. Murphy, Karl D. Froyd, Ilann Bourgeois, Charles A. Brock, Agnieszka Kupc, Jeff Peischl, Gregory P. Schill, Chelsea R. Thompson, Christina J. Williamson, and Pengfei Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 8915–8932, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8915-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8915-2021, 2021
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New measurements in the lower stratosphere highlight differences between particles that originated in the troposphere or the stratosphere. The stratospheric-origin particles have relatively large radiative effects because they are at nearly the optimum diameter for light scattering. The tropospheric particles contribute significantly to surface area. These and other chemical and physical properties are then extended to study the implications if material were to be added to the stratosphere.
Geraint Vaughan, David Wareing, and Hugo Ricketts
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 5597–5604, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5597-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5597-2021, 2021
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This paper documents the evolution of the cloud of volcanic aerosol introduced into the stratosphere by the eruption of Raikoke in June 2019. The measurements were made by a UV lidar (laser radar) operated at Capel Dewi, Wales, between June 2019 and May 2020. They show how the cloud of volcanic aerosol arrived at the site and how its optical depth decreased by a factor of 5 over the 11 months of measurements.
Sreeharsha Hanumanthu, Bärbel Vogel, Rolf Müller, Simone Brunamonti, Suvarna Fadnavis, Dan Li, Peter Ölsner, Manish Naja, Bhupendra Bahadur Singh, Kunchala Ravi Kumar, Sunil Sonbawne, Hannu Jauhiainen, Holger Vömel, Beiping Luo, Teresa Jorge, Frank G. Wienhold, Ruud Dirkson, and Thomas Peter
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 14273–14302, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14273-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14273-2020, 2020
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During boreal summer, anthropogenic sources yield the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer (ATAL), found in Asia between about 13 and 18 km altitude. Balloon-borne measurements of the ATAL conducted in northern India in 2016 show the strong variability of the ATAL. To explain its observed variability, model simulations are performed to deduce the origin of air masses on the Earth's surface, which is important to develop recommendations for regulations of anthropogenic surface emissions of the ATAL.
Stelios Kazadzis, Natalia Kouremeti, Henri Diémoz, Julian Gröbner, Bruce W. Forgan, Monica Campanelli, Victor Estellés, Kathleen Lantz, Joseph Michalsky, Thomas Carlund, Emilio Cuevas, Carlos Toledano, Ralf Becker, Stephan Nyeki, Panagiotis G. Kosmopoulos, Viktar Tatsiankou, Laurent Vuilleumier, Frederick M. Denn, Nozomu Ohkawara, Osamu Ijima, Philippe Goloub, Panagiotis I. Raptis, Michael Milner, Klaus Behrens, Africa Barreto, Giovanni Martucci, Emiel Hall, James Wendell, Bryan E. Fabbri, and Christoph Wehrli
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 3185–3201, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-3185-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-3185-2018, 2018
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Aerosol optical depth measured from ground-based sun photometers is the most important parameter for studying the changes in the Earth's radiation balance due to aerosols. Representatives for various sun photometer types belonging to individual institutions or international aerosol networks gather every 5 years, for 3 weeks, in Davos, Switzerland, in order to compare their aeorosol optical depth retrievals. This work presents the results of the latest (fourth) filter radiometer intercomparison.
Nelson Bègue, Damien Vignelles, Gwenaël Berthet, Thierry Portafaix, Guillaume Payen, Fabrice Jégou, Hassan Benchérif, Julien Jumelet, Jean-Paul Vernier, Thibaut Lurton, Jean-Baptiste Renard, Lieven Clarisse, Vincent Duverger, Françoise Posny, Jean-Marc Metzger, and Sophie Godin-Beekmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 15019–15036, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-15019-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-15019-2017, 2017
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The space–time evolutions of the Calbuco plume are investigated by combining satellite, in situ aerosol counting and lidar observations, and a numerical model. All the data at Reunion Island reveal a twofold increase in the amount of aerosol with respect to the values observed before the eruption. The dynamic context has favored the spread of the plume exclusively in the Southern Hemisphere. This study highlights the role played by dynamical barriers in the transport of atmospheric species.
Bengt G. Martinsson, Johan Friberg, Oscar S. Sandvik, Markus Hermann, Peter F. J. van Velthoven, and Andreas Zahn
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 10937–10953, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-10937-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-10937-2017, 2017
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We find that the aerosol of the lowermost stratosphere has a considerable climate forcing. The upper tropospheric (UT) particulate sulfur is strongly influenced by stratospheric sources the first half of the year, whereas tropospheric sources dominate in fall; 50 % of the UT particulate sulfur (S) was found to be stratospheric at background condition, and 70 % under moderate influence from volcanism. The Asian monsoon is found to be an important tropospheric source of S in the NH extratropical UT.
R. Weigel, C. M. Volk, K. Kandler, E. Hösen, G. Günther, B. Vogel, J.-U. Grooß, S. Khaykin, G. V. Belyaev, and S. Borrmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 12319–12342, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-12319-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-12319-2014, 2014
J.-B. Renard, S. N. Tripathi, M. Michael, A. Rawal, G. Berthet, M. Fullekrug, R. G. Harrison, C. Robert, M. Tagger, and B. Gaubicher
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 11187–11194, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-11187-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-11187-2013, 2013
F. Jégou, G. Berthet, C. Brogniez, J.-B. Renard, P. François, J. M. Haywood, A. Jones, Q. Bourgeois, T. Lurton, F. Auriol, S. Godin-Beekmann, C. Guimbaud, G. Krysztofiak, B. Gaubicher, M. Chartier, L. Clarisse, C. Clerbaux, J. Y. Balois, C. Verwaerde, and D. Daugeron
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 6533–6552, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-6533-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-6533-2013, 2013
T. Trickl, H. Giehl, H. Jäger, and H. Vogelmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 5205–5225, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-5205-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-5205-2013, 2013
S. M. Andersson, B. G. Martinsson, J. Friberg, C. A. M. Brenninkmeijer, A. Rauthe-Schöch, M. Hermann, P. F. J. van Velthoven, and A. Zahn
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 1781–1796, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-1781-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-1781-2013, 2013
A. Hamed, W. Birmili, J. Joutsensaari, S. Mikkonen, A. Asmi, B. Wehner, G. Spindler, A. Jaatinen, A. Wiedensohler, H. Korhonen, K. E. J. Lehtinen, and A. Laaksonen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 1071–1091, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-1071-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-1071-2010, 2010
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