Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics www.atmos-chem-phys.net 1680-7316 1680-7324 9 24 2009 10.5194/acp-9-9599-2009 http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/9/9599/2009/ http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/9/9599/2009/acp-9-9599-2009.html http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/9/9599/2009/acp-9-9599-2009.pdf 9599 9617 2009-12-22 Hit from both sides: tracking industrial and volcanic plumes in Mexico City with surface measurements and OMI SO₂ retrievals during the MILAGRO field campaign B. de Foy bdefoy@slu.edu N. A. Krotkov N. Bei S. C. Herndon L. G. Huey A.-P. Martínez L. G. Ruiz-Suárez E. C. Wood M. Zavala L. T. Molina Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center, University of Maryland, MD, USA Molina Center for Energy and the Environment, La Jolla, CA, USA Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, MA, USA Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA General Direction of the National Center for Environmental Research and Training (CENICA), National Institute of Ecology (INE), Mexico Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico Large sulfur dioxide plumes were measured in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) during the MILAGRO field campaign. This paper seeks to identify the sources of these plumes and the meteorological processes that affect their dispersion in a complex mountain basin. Surface measurements of SO₂ and winds are analysed in combination with radar wind profiler data to identify transport directions. Satellite retrievals of vertical SO₂ columns from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) reveal the dispersion from both the Tula industrial complex and the Popocatepetl volcano. Oversampling the OMI swath data to a fine grid (3 by 3 km) and averaging over the field campaign yielded a high resolution image of the average plume transport. Numerical simulations are used to identify possible transport scenarios. The analysis suggests that both Tula and Popocatepetl contribute to SO₂ levels in the MCMA, sometimes on the same day due to strong vertical wind shear. During the field campaign, model estimates suggest that the volcano accounts for about one tenth of the SO₂ in the MCMA, with a roughly equal split for the rest between urban sources and the Tula industrial complex. 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