References

ACP

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

ACP

1680-7324

Copernicus GmbH

Göttingen, Germany

10.5194/acp-9-7229-2009

Constraints on inorganic gaseous iodine in the tropical upper troposphere and stratosphere inferred from balloon-borne solar occultation observations

Butz

¹ ⁶ Bösch

³ ⁶ Camy-Peyret

⁴ Chipperfield

M. P.

⁵ Dorf

² Kreycy

² Kritten

² Prados-Román

² Schwärzle

² Pfeilsticker

SRON – Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands

Institut für Umweltphysik, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

Department of Physics, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK

Laboratoire de Physique Moléculaire pour l'Atmosphère et l'Astrophysique (LPMAA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France

Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK

formerly at: Institut für Umweltphysik, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

29 09 2009

9 18 7229 7242

This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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The full text article is available as a PDF file from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/9/7229/2009/acp-9-7229-2009.pdf

We report upper limits of IO and OIO in the tropical upper troposphere and stratosphere inferred from solar occultation spectra recorded by the LPMA/DOAS (Limb Profile Monitor of the Atmosphere/Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy) payload during two stratospheric balloon flights from a station in Northern Brazil (5.1° S, 42.9° W). In the tropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, upper limits for both, IO and OIO, are below 0.1 ppt. Photochemical modelling is used to estimate the compatible upper limits for the total gaseous inorganic iodine burden (Iy) amounting to 0.09 to 0.16 (+0.10/−0.04) ppt in the tropical lower stratosphere (21.0 km to 16.5 km) and 0.17 to 0.35 (+0.20/−0.08) ppt in the tropical upper troposphere (16.5 km to 13.5 km). In the middle stratosphere, upper limits increase with altitude as sampling sensitivity decreases. Our findings imply that the amount of gaseous iodine transported into the stratosphere through the tropical tropopause layer is small. Thus, iodine-mediated ozone loss plays a minor role for contemporary stratospheric photochemistry but might become significant in the future if source gas emissions or injection efficiency into the upper atmosphere are enhanced. However, photochemical modelling uncertainties are large and iodine might be transported into the stratosphere in particulate form.

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