Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics www.atmos-chem-phys.net 1680-7316 1680-7324 9 11 2009 10.5194/acp-9-3563-2009 http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/9/3563/2009/ http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/9/3563/2009/acp-9-3563-2009.html http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/9/3563/2009/acp-9-3563-2009.pdf 3563 3582 2009-06-03 The zonal structure of tropical O₃ and CO as observed by the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer in November 2004 – Part 2: Impact of surface emissions on O₃ and its precursors K. W. Bowman D. B. A. Jones J. A. Logan H. Worden F. Boersma R. Chang S. Kulawik G. Osterman P. Hamer J. Worden Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada now at: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA The impact of surface emissions on the zonal structure of tropical tropospheric ozone and carbon monoxide is investigated for November 2004 using satellite observations, in-situ measurements, and chemical transport models in conjunction with inverse-estimated surface emissions.Vertical ozone profiles from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) and ozone sonde measurements from the Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes (SHADOZ) network show elevated concentrations of ozone over Indonesia and Australia (60–70 ppb) in the lower troposphere against the backdrop of the well-known zonal "wave-one" pattern with ozone concentrations of (70–80 ppb) centered over the Atlantic . Observational evidence from TES CO vertical profiles and Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) NO₂ columns point to regional surface emissions as an important contributor to the elevated ozone over Indonesia. This contribution is investigated with the GEOS-Chem chemistry and transport model using surface emission estimates derived from an optimal inverse model, which was constrained by TES and Measurements Of Pollution In The Troposphere (MOPITT) CO profiles (Jones et al., 2009). These a posteriori estimates, which were over a factor of 2 greater than climatological emissions, reduced differences between GEOS-Chem and TES ozone observations by 30–40% over Indonesia. The response of the free tropospheric chemical state to the changes in these emissions is investigated for ozone, CO, NO_x, and PAN. Model simulations indicate that ozone over Indonesian/Australian is sensitive to regional changes in surface emissions of NO_x but relatively insensitive to lightning NO_x. 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