References

ACP

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

ACP

1680-7324

Copernicus GmbH

Göttingen, Germany

10.5194/acp-9-3523-2009

Evidence for Asian dust effects from aerosol plume measurements during INTEX-B 2006 near Whistler, BC

Leaitch

W. R.

¹ Macdonald

A. M.

¹ Anlauf

K. G.

¹ Liu

P. S. K.

¹ Toom-Sauntry

¹ Li

S.-M.

¹ Liggio

¹ Hayden

¹ Wasey

M. A.

¹ Russell

L. M.

² Takahama

² Liu

² van Donkelaar

³ Duck

³ Martin

R. V.

³ Zhang

⁴ Sun

⁴ McKendry

⁵ Shantz

N. C.

⁶ Cubison

⁷

Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, Toronto, Ontario, M3H 5T4, Canada

Scripps Institute of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, 92093, USA

Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS M3J 1P3, Canada

State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York, USA

University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z2, Canada

Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada

University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA

03 06 2009

9 11 3523 3546

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Several cases of aerosol plumes resulting from trans-Pacific transport were observed between 2 km and 5.3 km at Whistler, BC from 22 April 2006 to 15 May 2006. The fine particle (<1 μm) chemical composition of most of the plumes was dominated by sulphate that ranged from 1–5 μg m<sup>−3</sup> as measured with a Quadrapole Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (Q-AMS). Coarse particles (>1 μm) were enhanced in all sulphate plumes. Fine particle organic mass concentrations were relatively low in most plumes and were nominally anti-correlated with the increases in the number concentrations of coarse particles. The ion chemistry of coarse particles sampled at Whistler Peak was dominated by calcium, sodium, nitrate, sulphate and formate. Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy of coarse particles sampled from the NCAR C-130 aircraft relatively close to Whistler indicated carbonate, potassium and organic functional groups, in particular the carboxyl group. Asian plumes reaching Whistler, BC during the INTEX-B study were not only significantly reduced of fine particle organic material, but organic compounds were attached to coarse particles in significant quantities. Suspension of dust with deposited organic material and scavenging of organic materials by dust near anthropogenic sources are suggested, and if any secondary organic aerosol (SOA) was formed during transport from Asian source regions across the Pacific it was principally associated with the coarse particles. An average of profiles indicates that trans-Pacific transport between 2 and 5 km during this period increased ozone by about 10 ppbv and fine particle sulphate by 0.2–0.5 μg m<sup>−3</sup>. The mean sizes of the fine particles in the sulphate plumes were larger when dust particles were present and smaller when the fine particle organic mass concentration was larger and dust was absent. The coarse particles of dust act to accumulate sulphate, nitrate and organic material in larger particles, diminishing the role of these compounds in indirect radiative forcing, but potentially enhancing their roles in direct radiative forcing.

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