Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
www.atmos-chem-phys.net
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9
2009
10.5194/acp-9-3197-2009
http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/9/3197/2009/
http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/9/3197/2009/acp-9-3197-2009.html
http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/9/3197/2009/acp-9-3197-2009.pdf
3197
3207
2009-05-15
Distribution of VOCs between air and snow at the Jungfraujoch high alpine research station, Switzerland, during CLACE 5 (winter 2006)
E. Starokozhev
starokozhev@iau.uni-frankfurt.de
E. Fries
A. Cycura
W. Püttmann
Institute of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Department of Analytical Environmental Chemistry, J. W. Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
Institute of Environmental Systems Research, University Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
Environment Monitoring Center, Orenburg State University, Orenburg, Russia
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were analyzed in air and snow samples at
the Jungfraujoch high alpine research station in Switzerland as part of
CLACE 5 (CLoud and Aerosol Characterization Experiment) during
February/March 2006. The fluxes of individual compounds in ambient air were
calculated from gas phase concentrations and wind speed. The highest
concentrations and flux values were observed for the aromatic hydrocarbons
benzene (14.3 μg.m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>), 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene
(5.27 μg.m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>), toluene (4.40 μg.m<sup>−2</sup> <sup>−1</sup>), and the aliphatic hydrocarbons
i-butane (7.87 μg.m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>), i-pentane (3.61 μg.m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>)
and n-butane (3.23 μg.m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>). The measured
concentrations and fluxes were used to calculate the efficiency of removal
of VOCs by snow, which is defined as difference between the initial and
final concentration/flux values of compounds before and after wet
deposition. The removal efficiency was calculated at −24°C (−13.7°C) and ranged from 37% (35%) for o-xylene to 93% (63%) for
i-pentane. The distribution coefficients of VOCs between the air and snow
phases were derived from published poly-parameter linear free energy
relationship (pp-LFER) data, and compared with distribution coefficients
obtained from the simultaneous measurements of VOC concentrations in air and
snow at Jungfraujoch. The coefficients calculated from pp-LFER exceeded
those values measured in the present study, which indicates more efficient
snow scavenging of the VOCs investigated than suggested by theoretical
predictions.
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