Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics www.atmos-chem-phys.net 1680-7316 1680-7324 9 9 2009 10.5194/acp-9-2987-2009 http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/9/2987/2009/ http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/9/2987/2009/acp-9-2987-2009.html http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/9/2987/2009/acp-9-2987-2009.pdf 2987 2999 2009-05-07 Assessment of the MODIS Collections C005 and C004 aerosol optical depth products over the Mediterranean basin C. D. Papadimas N. Hatzianastassiou nhatzian@cc.uoi.gr N. Mihalopoulos M. Kanakidou B. D. Katsoulis I. Vardavas Laboratory of Meteorology, Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, P.O. Box 2208, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece Department of Physics, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece The second generation Collection 005 (C005) MODIS operational algorithm for retrieval of aerosol properties was evaluated and validated for the greater Mediterranean basin (29.5° N–46.5° N and 10.5° W–38.5° E), a region with an atmosphere under siege by air pollution and diminishing water resources that are exacerbated by high aerosol loads and climatic change. The present study aims to quantify the differences between the C005 and the previous (C004) MODIS collections, and re-assess the results of previous studies that have been performed for the region using MODIS C004 aerosol optical depth (AOD) products. Daily data of AOD from EOS-Terra covering the 6-year period 2000–2006 were taken from both C005 and C004 Level-3 datasets, and were inter-compared and validated against ground-based measurements from 29 AERONET stations. The C005 data were found to significantly better agree with the AERONET data than those of C004. The correlation coefficient between MODIS and AERONET was found to increase from 0.66 to 0.76 and the slope of linear regression MODIS/AERONET from 0.79 to 0.85. The MODIS C005 data still overestimate/underestimate the AERONET AOD values smaller/larger than 0.25, but to a much smaller extent than C004 data. The better agreement of C005 with AERONET data arises from the generally lower C005 values, with regional mean AOD values equal to 0.27 and 0.22 for C004 and C005, respectively. This decrease, however, is not uniform over the region and involves a significant decrease over land and a small increase over the ocean for AOD values greater than 0.1 (opposite changes were found under aerosol-clean conditions). Both data sets indicate a decrease in the regional mean AOD over the period 2000–2006, equal to 20% based on C005 and 17% based on C004 datasets, though the intra-annual and inter-annual variation did not change significantly, thus indicating a systematic correction to C004 values. Barnaba, F. and Gobbi, G. P.: Aerosol seasonal variability over the Mediterranean region and relative impact of maritime, continental and Saharan dust particles over the basin from MODIS data in the year 2001, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 2367-2391, 2004. Charlson, R. J., Schwartz, S. E., Hales, J. M., Cess, R. D., Coakley Jr., J. A., Hansen, J. E. and Hofmann, D. J.: Climate forcing by anthropogenic aerosols, Science, 255(5043), 423-430, 1992. Chin, M., Chu, A., Levy, R., Remer, L., Kaufman, Y., Holben, B., Eck, T., Ginoux, P., and Gao, Q.: Aerosol distribution in the Northern Hemisphere during ACE-Asia: results from global model, satellite observations, and sun photometer measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 109(D23S90), 1-15, 2004. Chu, D. A., Kaufman, Y. J., Ichoku, C., Remer, L. A., Tanre, D., and Holben, B. N.: Validation of MODIS aerosol optical depth retrieval over land, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 8007, doi:10.1029/2001GL013205, 2002. Dubovik, O. and King, M. D.: A flexible inversion algorithm for retrieval of aerosol optical properties from Sun and sky radiance measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 20 673–20 696, 2000. Dubovik, O., Smirnov, A., Holben, B. N., King, M. D., Kaufman, Y. J., Eck, T. F., and Slutker, I.: Accurancy assessments of aerosol optical properties retrieved from Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) Sun and sky radiance measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 9791-9806, 2000. Dubovik, O., Holben, B. N., Eck, T. F., Smirnov, A., Kaufman, Y. J., King, M. D., Tanré, D., and Slutsker, I.: Variability of absorption and optical properties of key aerosol types observed in worldwide locations, J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 590-608, 2002. Evans, K. F., and Stephens, G. L.: A new polarized atmospheric radiative transfer model, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Ra., 46(5), 413–423, 1991. Holben, B. N., Eck, T. F., Slutsker, J., et al.: AERONET - A federated instrument network and data archive for aerosol characterization, Remote Sens. Environ., 66, 1-16, 1998. Holben, B. N., Tanré, D., Smirnov, A., Eck, T. F., Slutsker, I., Abuhassan, N., Newcomb, W. W., Schafer, J., Chatenet, B., Lavenue, F., Kaufman, Y. J., Vande Castle, J., Setzer, A., Markham, B., Clark, D., Frouin, R., Halthore, R., Karnieli, A., O’Neill, N. T., Pietras, C., Pinker, R. T., Voss, K., and G. Zibordi: An emerging ground-based aerosol climatology: Aerosol Optical 30 Depth from AERONET, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 12 067-12 097, 2001. Ichoku, C., Chu, D. A., Mattoo, S., Kaufman, Y. J., Remer, L. A., Tanré, D., Slutsker, I., and Holben, B. N.: A spatio-temporal approach for global validation and analysis of MODIS aerosolproducts, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(12), 8006, doi:10.1029/2001GL013206, 2002. Ichoku, C., Remer, L. A., and Eck, T. F.: Quantitative evaluation and intercomparison of morning and afternoon Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aerosol measurements from Terra and Aqua, J. Geophys. Res., 110(D10), 1-23, 2005. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC): Climate Change 2007, Working Group I Report: "The physical science basis", Summary for Policymakers, Paris, February 2007. Jethva, H., Satheesh, S. K., and Srinivasan, J.: Evaluation of MODIS C004 aerosol retrievals at Kanpur, Indo-Gangetic basin, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D14216, doi:10.1029/2006JD007929, 2007. Kaskaoutis, D. G., Kosmopoulos, P., Kambezidis, H. D., and Nastos, P. T.: Aerosol climatology and discrimination of different types over Athens, Greece, based on MODIS data, Atmos. Environ., 41, 7315-7329, 2007. Kaufman, Y. J., Tanré, D., Remer, L. A., Vermote, E. F., Chu, A, and Holben, B. N.:, Operational remote sensing of tropospheric aerosol over land from EOS Moderate-resolution Imaging 15 Spectroradiometer, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 17 051-17 065, 1997. Kaufman, Y. J., Karnieli, A., and Tanré, D.: Detection of dust over deserts using satellite data in the solar wavelengths, IEEE T. Geosci. Remote, 38(1), 525-531, 2000. Kaufman, Y. J., Tanré, D., and Boucher, O.: A satellite view of aerosols in the climate system, Nature, 419, 6903, doi:10.1038/nature01091, 2002. Kazadzis, S., Bais, A., Amiridis, V., Balis, D., Meleti, C., Kouremeti, N., Zerefos, C. S., Rapsomanikis, S., Petrakakis, M., Kelesis, A., Tzoumaka, P., and Kelektsoglou, K.: Nine years of UV aerosol optical depth measurements at Thessaloniki, Greece, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 2091-2101, 2007. Kishcha, P., Starobinets, B., and Alpert, P.: Latitudinal variations of cloud and aerosol optical thickness trends based on MODIS satellite data, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34(5), L05810, doi:10.1029/2006GL028796, 2007. Koukouli, M. E., Balis, D. S., Amiridis, V., Kazadzis, S., Bais, A., Nickovic, S., and Torres, O.: Aerosol variability over Thessaloniki using ground based remote sensing observations and the TOMS aerosol index, Atmos. Environ., 40, 5367-5378, 2006. Lelieveld, J., Berresheim, H., Borrmann, S., Crutzen, P. J., Dentener, F. J., Fischer, H., Feichter, J., Flatau, P. J., Heland, J., Holzinger, R., Korrmann, R., Lawrence, M. G., Levin, Z., Markowicz, K. M., Mihalopoulos, N., Minikin, A., Ramanathan, V., de Reus, M., Roelofs, G.J., Scheeren, H. A., Sciare, J., Schlager, H., Schultz, M., Siegmund, P., Steil, B., Stephanou, E. G., Stier, P., Traub, M., Warneke, C., Williams, J., and Ziereis, H.: Global air pollution crossroads over the Mediterranean, Science, 298, 794-799, 2002. Levin, Z., A. Teller, E. Ganor, and Yin, Y.: On the interactions of mineral dust, sea-salt parti- 5 cles, and clouds: A measurement and modeling study from the Mediterranean Israeli Dust Experiment campaign, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D20202, doi:10.1029/2005JD005810, 2005. Levy, R. C., Remer, L. A., Tanré, D., Kaufman, Y. J., Ichoku, C., Holben, B. N., Livingston, J. M., Russell, P. B., and Maring, H.: Evaluation of the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) retrievals of dust aerosol over the ocean during PRIDE, J. Geophys. 10 Res., 108(D19), 8594, doi:10.1029/2002JD002460, 2003. Levy, R. C., Remer, L. A., Martins, J. V., Kaufman, Y. J., Plana-Fattori, A., Redemann, J., and Wenny, B.: Evaluation of the MODIS aerosol retrievals over ocean and land during CLAMS, J. Atmos. Sci., 62(4), 974-992, 2005. Levy, R. C., Remer, L. A., and Dubovik, O.: Global aerosol optical properties and application 15 to Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer aerosol retrieval over land, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D13210, doi:10.1029/2006JD007815, 2007a. Levy, R. C., Remer, L. A., Mattoo, S., Vermote, E. F., and Kaufman, Y. J.: Second-generation operational algorithm: Retrieval of aerosol properties over land from inversion of moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer spectral reflectance, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D13211, 20 doi:10.1029/2006JD007811, 2007b. Massie, S. T., Torres, O., and Smith, S. J.: Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) observations of increases in Asian aerosol in winter from 1979 to 2000, J. Geophys. Res., 109, 1-14, 2004. Meloni, D., di Sarra, A., Pace, G., and Monteleone, F.: Aerosol optical properties at Lampedusa (Central Mediterranean). 2. Determination of single scattering albedo at two wavelengths for different aerosol types, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 715-727, 2006. Mishchenko, M. I., Geogdzhayev, I. V., Rossow, W. B., Cairns, B., Carlson, B. E., Lacis, A. A., Liu, L., and Travis, L. D.: Long-term satellite records reveal likely recent aerosol trend, Science, 315, 1543, doi:10.1126/science.1136709, 2007. Moulin, C., Lambert, C., Dayan, U., Masson, V., Ramonet, M., Bousquet, P., Legrand, M., Balkanski, Y., Guelle, W., Marticorena, B., Bergametti, G., and Dulac, F.: Satellite climatology of African dust transport in the Mediterranean atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 13 137-13 144, 1998. Papadimas, C., Hatzianastassiou, N., Mihalopoulos, N., Querol, X., and Vardavas, I. M.: Spatial and temporal variability in aerosol properties over the Mediterranean basin based on 6-year (2000-2006) MODIS data, J. Geophys. Res., 113(D11), D11205, 5 doi:10.1029/2007JD009189, 2008. Penner, J. E., Dickinson, R. E., and O’Neill, C. A.: Effects of aerosol from biomass burning on the global radiation budget, Science, 256(5062), 1432-1434, 1992. Remer, L. A., Wald, A. E., and Kaufman, Y. J.: Angular and seasonal variation of spectral surface reflectance ratios: Implications for the remote sensing of aerosol over land, IEEE T. Geosci. Remote, 39(2), 275-283, 2001. Remer, L. A., Tanré, D., Kaufman, Y. J., Ichoku, C., Mattoo, S., Levy, R., Chu, D. A., Holben, B., Dubovik, O., Smirnov, A., Martins, J. V., Li, R.-R., and Ahman, Z.: Validation of MODIS aerosol retrieval over ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(12), 8008, doi:10.1029/2001/GL013204, 2002. Remer, L. A., Kaufman, Y. J., Tanré, D., Mattoo, S., Chu, D. A., Martins, J. V., Li, R. R., Ichoku, C., Levy, R. C., Kleidman, R. G., Eck, T. F., Vermote, E., and Holben, B. N.: The MODIS aerosol algorithm, products and validation, J. Atmos. Sci., 62(4), 947-973, 2005. Remer, L., Kaufman, Y., Tanré, D., Mattoo, S., Li, R. R, Martins, J. V., Levy, R., Chu, D. A., Kleidman, R., Ichoku, C., and Koren, I.: Collection~005 Change Summary for MODIS Aerosol (04_L2) Algorithms, available at: http://modis-atmos.gsfc.nasa.gov/products C005update. html, 2006. Santese, M., De Tomasi, F., and Perrone, M. R.: Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) retrievals during dust outbreaks over the Mediterranean, J. Geophys. Res., 112(D18), D18201, doi:10.1029/2007JD008482, 25 2007a. Santese, M., De Tomasi, F., and Perrone, M. R.: AERONET versus MODIS aerosol parameters at different spatial resolutions over southeast Italy, J. Geophys. Res., 112(D10), D10214, doi:10.1029/2006JD007742, 2007b. Streets, D. G., Wu, Y., and Chin, M.: Two-decadal aerosol trends as a likely expla30 nation of the global dimming/brightening transition, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L15806, doi:10.1029/2006GL026471, 2006. Smirnov, A., Holben, B. N., Eck, T. F., Slutsker, I., Chatenet, B., and Pinker, R. T.: Diurnal variability of aerosol optical depth \mboxobserved at AERONET (Aerosol Robotic Network) sites, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 2115, doi:10.1029/2002GL016305, 2002. Tanré, D., Kaufman, Y. J., Herman, M., and Mattoo, S.: Remote sensing of aerosol properties over oceans using the MODIS/EOS spectral radiances, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 16 971-16 988, 1997. Tripathi, S. N., S. Dey, Chandel, A., Srivastava, S., Singh, R. P., and Holben, B. N.: Comparison of MODIS and AERONET derived aerosol optical depth over the Ganga Basin, India, Ann. Geophys., 23, 1093-1101, 2005. Vardavas, I. M. and Taylor, F. W.: Radiation and Climate, International Series of Monographs on Physics, 138, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 2007. Vermote E. F., El Saleous, N. Z., and Justice, C. O.: Atmospheric correction of MODIS data in the visible to middle infrared: first results, Rem. Sens. Environ., 83, 97–111, 2002. Wiscombe, W. J.: Improved Mie scattering algorithms, Appl. Optics, 19, 1505–1509, 1981. Xia, X.-A., Chen, H.-B., and Wang, P.-C.: Validation of MODIS aerosols retrievals and evaluation of potential cloud contamination in East Asia, J. of Environ. Sci., 16(5), 832-837, 2004.