Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics www.atmos-chem-phys.net 1680-7316 1680-7324 9 1 2009 10.5194/acp-9-239-2009 http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/9/239/2009/ http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/9/239/2009/acp-9-239-2009.html http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/9/239/2009/acp-9-239-2009.pdf 239 260 2009-01-14 Aerosol indirect forcing in a global model with particle nucleation M. Wang minghuai@umich.edu J. E. Penner Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA The number concentration of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) formed as a result of anthropogenic emissions is a key uncertainty in the study of aerosol indirect forcing and global climate change. Here, we use a global aerosol model that includes an empirical boundary layer nucleation mechanism, the use of primary-emitted sulfate particles to represent sub-grid scale nucleation, as well as binary homogeneous nucleation to explore how nucleation affects the CCN concentration and the first aerosol indirect effect (AIE). The inclusion of the boundary layer nucleation scheme increases the global average CCN concentrations in the boundary layer by 31.4% when no primary-emitted sulfate particles are included and by 5.3% when they are included. Particle formation with the boundary layer nucleation scheme decreases the first indirect forcing over ocean, and increases the first indirect forcing over land when primary sulfate particles are included. 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