Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
www.atmos-chem-phys.net
1680-7316
1680-7324
9
5
2009
10.5194/acp-9-1805-2009
http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/9/1805/2009/
http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/9/1805/2009/acp-9-1805-2009.html
http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/9/1805/2009/acp-9-1805-2009.pdf
1805
1816
2009-03-11
Air-sea fluxes of biogenic bromine from the tropical and North Atlantic Ocean
L. J. Carpenter
ljc4@york.ac.uk
C. E. Jones
R. M. Dunk
K. E. Hornsby
J. Woeltjen
Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
Laboratory for Global Marine and Atmospheric Chemistry, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
now at: Crichton Carbon Centre, Crichton University Campus, Dumfries, DG1 4ZL, UK
Air-sea fluxes and bulk seawater and atmospheric concentrations of bromoform
(CHBr<sub>3</sub>) and dibromomethane (CH<sub>2</sub>Br<sub>2</sub>) were measured during two
research cruises in the northeast Atlantic (53–59° N, June–July 2006)
and tropical eastern Atlantic Ocean including over the African coastal
upwelling system (16–35° N May–June 2007). Saturations and sea-air
fluxes of these compounds generally decreased in the order
coastal > upwelling > shelf > open ocean, and outside of coastal regions, a
broad trend of elevated surface seawater concentrations with high
chlorophyll-<i>a</i> was observed. We show that upwelling regions (coastal and
equatorial) represent regional hot spots of bromocarbons, but are probably
not of major significance globally, contributing at most a few percent of
the total global emissions of CHBr<sub>3</sub> and CH<sub>2</sub>Br<sub>2</sub>. From limited
data from eastern Atlantic coastlines, we tentatively suggest that globally,
coastal oceans (depth <180 m) together contribute ~2.5 (1.4–3.5)
Gmol Br yr<sup>−1</sup> of CHBr<sub>3</sub>, excluding influences from anthropogenic
sources such as coastal power stations. This flux estimate is close to
current estimates of the total open ocean source. We also show that the
concentration ratio of CH<sub>2</sub>Br<sub>2</sub>/CHBr<sub>3</sub> in seawater is a strong
function of concentration (and location), with a lower
CH<sub>2</sub>Br<sub>2</sub>/CHBr<sub>3</sub> ratio found in coastal regions near to
macroalgal sources.
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