ACP Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ACP 1680-7324 Copernicus GmbH Göttingen, Germany 10.5194/acp-9-1-2009 Comparison of emissions from on-road sources using a mobile laboratory under various driving and operational sampling modes Zavala M. 1 2 Herndon S. C. 3 Wood E. C. 3 Jayne J. T. 3 Nelson D. D. 3 Trimborn A. M. 3 Dunlea E. 2 8 Knighton W. B. 4 Mendoza A. 5 Allen D. T. 6 Kolb C. E. 3 Molina M. J. 2 7 Molina L. T. 1 2 Molina Center for Energy and the Environment, San Diego, California, USA Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA Center for Atmospheric and Environmental Chemistry, Center for Cloud and Aerosol Chemistry, Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts, USA Department of Chemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, México Center for Energy and Environmental Resources, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, California, USA now at: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Climate Program Office, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA 06 01 2009 9 1 1 14 This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. This article is available from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/9/1/2009/acp-9-1-2009.html The full text article is available as a PDF file from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/9/1/2009/acp-9-1-2009.pdf

Mobile sources produce a significant fraction of the total anthropogenic emissions burden in large cities and have harmful effects on air quality at multiple spatial scales. Mobile emissions are intrinsically difficult to estimate due to the large number of parameters affecting the emissions variability within and across vehicles types. The MCMA-2003 Campaign in Mexico City has showed the utility of using a mobile laboratory to sample and characterize specific classes of motor vehicles to better quantify their emissions characteristics as a function of their driving cycles. The technique clearly identifies "high emitter" vehicles via individual exhaust plumes, and also provides fleet average emission rates. We have applied this technique to Mexicali during the Border Ozone Reduction and Air Quality Improvement Program (BORAQIP) for the Mexicali-Imperial Valley in 2005. We analyze the variability of measured emission ratios for emitted NO<sub>x</sub>, CO, specific VOCs, NH<sub>3</sub>, and some primary fine particle components and properties by deploying a mobile laboratory in roadside stationary sampling, chase and fleet average operational sampling modes. The measurements reflect various driving modes characteristic of the urban fleets. The observed variability for all measured gases and particle emission ratios is greater for the chase and roadside stationary sampling than for fleet average measurements. The fleet average sampling mode captured the effects of traffic conditions on the measured on-road emission ratios, allowing the use of fuel-based emission ratios to assess the validity of traditional "bottom-up" emissions inventories. Using the measured on-road emission ratios, we estimate CO and NO<sub>x</sub> mobile emissions of 175&plusmn;62 and 10.4&plusmn;1.3 metric tons/day, respectively, for the gasoline vehicle fleet in Mexicali. Comparisons with similar on-road emissions data from Mexico City indicated that fleet average NO emission ratios were around 20% higher in Mexicali than in Mexico City whereas HCHO and NH<sub>3</sub> emission ratios were higher by a factor of 2 in Mexico City than in Mexicali. Acetaldehyde emission ratios did not differ significantly whereas selected aromatics VOCs emissions were similar or smaller in Mexicali. Nitrogen oxides emissions for on-road heavy-duty diesel truck (HDDT) were measured near Austin, Texas, as well as in both Mexican cities, with NO<sub>y</sub> emission ratios in Austin &lt; Mexico City &lt; Mexicali.

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