References

ACP

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

ACP

1680-7324

Copernicus GmbH

Göttingen, Germany

10.5194/acp-8-7153-2008

Characteristics of the NO-NO2-O3 system in different chemical regimes during the MIRAGE-Mex field campaign

Shon

Z.-H.

¹ Madronich

² Song

S.-K.

³ Flocke

F. M.

² Knapp

D. J.

² Anderson

R. S.

² Shetter

R. E.

² Cantrell

C. A.

² Hall

S. R.

² Tie

Department of Environmental Engineering, Dong-Eui University, 995 Eomgwangno, Busan 614-714, Republic of Korea

Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 3000 Boulder, CO 80307, USA

Devision of Earth Environmental System, Pusan National University, 30 Jang Jeon Dong, Geum Jeong Gu, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea

09 12 2008

8 23 7153 7164

This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

This article is available from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/8/7153/2008/acp-8-7153-2008.html

The full text article is available as a PDF file from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/8/7153/2008/acp-8-7153-2008.pdf

The NO-NO2 system was analyzed in different chemical regimes/air masses based on observations of reactive nitrogen species and peroxy radicals made during the intensive field campaign MIRAGE-Mex (4 to 29 March 2006). The air masses were categorized into 5 groups based on combinations of macroscopic observations, geographical location, meteorological parameters, models, and observations of trace gases: boundary layer (labeled as "BL"), biomass burning ("BB"), free troposphere (continental, "FTCO" and marine, "FTMA"), and Tula industrial complex ("TIC"). In general, NO2/NO ratios in different air masses are near photostationary state. Analysis of this ratio can be useful for testing current understanding of tropospheric chemistry. The ozone production efficiency (OPE) for the 5 air mass categories ranged from 4.5 (TIC) to 8.5 (FTMA), consistent with photochemical aging of air masses exiting the Mexico City Metropolitan Area.

References 1

Allan, B., McFiggans, G., and Plane, J.: Observations of iodine monoxide in the remote marine boundary layer, J. Geophys. Res., 105(D11), 14 363–14 369, 2000.

Bradshaw, J., Davis, D., Crawford, J., Chen, G., Shetter, R., Müller, M., Gregory, G., Sachse, G., Blake, D., Heikes, B., Singh, H., Mastromarino, J., and Sandholm, S.: Photofragmentation two-photon laser-induced fluorescence detection of NO2 and NO: Comparison of measurements with model results based on airborne observations during PEM-Tropics A, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26(4), 471–474, doi:10.1029/1999GL900015, 1999.

Bulgakow, S. N., Bulgakow, N. P., Mikhailova, E. N., and Shapiro, N. B.: Generation of upwelling near the Pacific coast of Mexico, Phys. Oceanol., 15, 27–36, 2005.

Cantrell, C. A., Edwards, G. D., Stephens, S., Mauldin, L., Kosciuch, E., Zondlo, M., and Eisele, F.: Peroxy radical observations using chemical ionization mass spectrometry during TOPSE, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D6), 8371, doi:10.1029/2002JD002715, 2003.

Cantrell, C. A., Shetter, R. E., Calvert, J. G., Eisele, F. L., Williams, E., Baumann, K., Brune, W. H., Stevens, P. S., and Mather, J. H.: Peroxy radicals from photostationary state deviations and steady state calculations during the Tropospheric OH Photochemistry Experiment at Idaho Hill, Colorado, 1993, J. Geophys. Res., 102(D5), 6369–6378, doi:10.1029/96JD01703, 1997.

Carroll, M. A., Ridley, B. A., Montzka, D. D., Hübler, G., Walega, J. G., Norton, R. B., Huebert, B. J., and Grahek, F. E.: Measurements of nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide during the Mauna Loa Observatory Photochemistry Experiment, J. Geophys. Res., 97(D10), 10 361–10 374, 1992.

Chameides, W. L. and Davis, D. D.: Iodine: its possible role in tropospheric chemistry, J. Geophys. Res., 85(12), 7383–7398, 1980.

Crawford, J., Davis, D., Chen, G., Bradshaw, J., Sandholm, S., Gregory, G., Sachse, G., Anderson, B., Collins, J., Blake, D., Singh, H., Heikes, B., Talbot, R., and Rodriguez, J.: Photostationary state analysis of the NO2-NO system based on airborne observations from the western and central North Pacific, J. Geophys. Res., 101(D1), 2053–2072, doi:10.1029/95JD02201, 1996.

Davis, D., Crawford, J., Liu, S., McKeen, S., Bandy, A., Thornton, D., Rowland, F., and Blake, D.: Potential impact of iodine on tropospheric levels of ozone and other critical oxidants, J. Geophys. Res., 101(D1), 2135–2147, doi:10.1029/95JD02727, 1996.

Gregory, G. L., Fuelberg, H. E., Longmore, S. P., Anderson, B. E., Collins, J. E., and Blake, D. R.: Chemical characteristics of tropospheric air over the tropical South Atlantic Ocean: Relationship to trajectory history, J. Geophys. Res., 101(D19), 23 957–23 972, doi:10.1029/96JD01160, 1996.

Kanaya, Y., Tanimoto, H., Matsumoto, J., Furutani, H., Hashimoto, S., Komazaki, Y., Tanaka, S., Yokouchi, Y., Kato, S., Kajii, Y., and Akimoto, H.: Diurnal variations in H2O2, O3, PAN, HNO3 and aldehyde concentrations and NO/NO2 ratios at Rishiri Island, Japan: Potential influence from iodine chemistry, Sci. Total Environ., 376, 185–197, 2007.

Kanaya, Y., Yokouchi, Y., Matsumoto, J., Nakamura, K., Kato, S., Tanimoto, H., Furutani, H., Toyota, K., and Akimoto, H.: Implications of iodine chemistry for daytime HO2 levels at Rishiri Island, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 1212, doi.:10.1029/2001GL014061, 2002.

Kleinman, L. I., Daum, P. H., Lee, Y. -N., Nunnermacker, L. J., Springston, S. R., Weinstein-Lloyd, J., and Rudolph, J.: Ozone production efficiency in an urban area, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D23), 4733, doi:10.1029/2002JD002529, 2002.

Knight, G. P. and Crowley, J. N.: The reactions of IO with HO2, NO and CH3SCH3: flow tube studies of kinetics and product formation, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 3(3) 393–401, 2001.

Koike, M., Kondo, Y., Kita, K., et al.: Export of anthropogenic reactive nitrogen and sulfur compounds from the East Asia region in spring, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D20), 8789, doi:10.1029/2002JD003284, 2003.

Li, Q., Jacob, D. J., Bey, I., Yantosca, Y. M., Zhao, Y., Kondo, Y., and Notholt, J.: Atmospheric hydrogen cyanide (HCN): biomass burning source, ocean sink?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27(3), 357–360, 2000.

Maloney, J. C., Fuelberg, H. E., Avery, M. A., Crawford, J. H., Blake, D. R., Heikes, B. G., Sachse, G. W., Sandholm, S. T., Singh, H., and Talbot, R. W.: Chemical characteristics of air from different source regions during the second Pacific Exploratory Mission in the Tropics (PEM-Tropics B), J. Geophys. Res., 106(D23), 32 609–32 626, doi:10.1029/2001JD900100, 2001.

McFiggans, G., Plane, J., Allan, B., and Carpenter, L.: A modeling study of iodine chemistry in the marine boundary layer, J. Geophys. Res., 105(D11), 14 371–14385, 2000.

Nunnermacker, L. J., Kleinman, L. I., Imre, D., Daum, P. H., Lee, Y.-N., Lee, J. H., Springston, S. R., Newman, L., and Gillani, N.: NOy lifetimes and O3 production efficiencies in urban and power plant plumes: Analysis of field data, J. Geophys. Res., 105(D7), 9165–9176, doi:10.1029/1999JD900753, 2000.

Oram, D. E. and Penkett, S.A.: Observations in eastern England of elevated methyl iodide concentrations in air of Atlantic origin, Atmos. Environ., 28, 1159–1174, 1994.

Raga, G. and Raga, A.: On the formation of an elevated ozone peak in Mexico City, Atmos. Environ., 34, 4097–4102, 2000.

Raga, G., Baumgardner, D., Castro, T., Martínez-Arroyo, A., and Navarro-González, R.: Mexico City air quality: a qualitative review of gas and aerosol measurements (1960–2000), Atmos. Environ., 35, 4041–4058, 2001.

Ridley, B. A., Madronich, S., Chatfield, R. B., Walega, J. G., Shetter, R. E., Carroll, M. A., and Montzka, D. D.: Measurements and model simulations of the photostationary state during MLOPEX: Implications for radical concentrations and ozone production and loss rates, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 10 375–10 388, 1992.

Rickard, A. R., Salisbury, G., Monks, P. S., Lewis, A. C., Baugitte, S., Bandy, B. J., Clemitshaw, K. C., and Penkett S. A.: Comparison of measured ozone production efficiencies in the marine boundary layer at two European coastal sites under different pollution regimes, J. Atmos. Chem., 43, 107–134, 2002.

Saiz-Lopez, A. and Plane, J. M. C.: Novel iodine chemistry in the marine boundary layer, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L04112, doi:10.1029/2003GL019215, 2004.

Sander, S. P., Friedl, R. R., Golden, D. M., Kurylo, M. J., Moortgat, G. K., Ravishankara, A. R., Kolb, C. E., Molina, M. J., and Finlayson-Pitts, B. J.: Chemical kinetics and photochemical data for use in stratospheric modeling, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Publication 02–25, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California, 2002.

Shetter, R. E., Cinquini, L., Lefer, B. L., Hall, S. R., and Madronich, S.: Comparison of airborne measured and calculated spectral actinic flux and derived photolysis frequencies during the PEM Tropics B mission, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D2), 8234, doi:10.1029/2001JD001320, 2003.

Soltic, P. and Weilenmann, M.: NO2/NO emissions of gasoline passenger cars and light-duty trucks with Euro-2 emission standard, Atmos. Environ., 37, 5207–5216, 2003.

Takegawa, N., Kondo, Y., Koike, M., et al.: Removal of NOx and NOy in Asian outflow plumes: Aircraft measurements over the western Pacific in January 2002, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D23S04, doi:10.1029/2004JD004866, 2004.

Tie, X., Madronich, S., Li, G. H., Ying, Z., Zhang, R., Garcia, A. R., Lee-Taylor, J., and Liu, Y.: Characterizations of chemical oxidants in Mexico City: A regional chemical dynamical model (WRF-Chem) study, Atmos. Environ., 41, 1989–2008, 2007.

Weinheimer, A. J., Montzka, D. D., Campos, T. L., et al.: Comparison between DC-8 and ER-2 species measurements in the tropical middle troposphere: NO, NOy, O3, CO2, CH4, and N2O, J. Geophys. Res., 103(D17), 22 087–22 096, 1998.

Yokelson, R. J., Urbanski, S. P., Atlas, E. L., Toohey, D. W., Alvarado, E. C., Crounse, J. D., Wennberg, P. O., Fisher, M. E., Wold, C. E., Campos, T. L., Adachi, K., Buseck, P. R., and Hao, W. M.: Emissions from forest fires near Mexico City, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5569–5584, 2007.