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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ACP</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ACP</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1680-7324</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus GmbH</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/acp-8-5353-2008</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>A multi-model assessment of pollution transport to the Arctic</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Shindell</surname>
<given-names>D. T.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Chin</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Dentener</surname>
<given-names>F.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Doherty</surname>
<given-names>R. M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Faluvegi</surname>
<given-names>G.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Fiore</surname>
<given-names>A. M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Hess</surname>
<given-names>P.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
<sup>6</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Koch</surname>
<given-names>D. M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>MacKenzie</surname>
<given-names>I. A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Sanderson</surname>
<given-names>M. G.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
<sup>7</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Schultz</surname>
<given-names>M. G.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">
<sup>9</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Schulz</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">
<sup>10</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Stevenson</surname>
<given-names>D. S.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Teich</surname>
<given-names>H.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Textor</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">
<sup>10</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wild</surname>
<given-names>O.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11">
<sup>11</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Bergmann</surname>
<given-names>D. J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12">
<sup>12</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Bey</surname>
<given-names>I.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13">
<sup>13</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Bian</surname>
<given-names>H.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff14">
<sup>14</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Cuvelier</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Duncan</surname>
<given-names>B. N.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff14">
<sup>14</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Folberth</surname>
<given-names>G.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13">
<sup>13</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Horowitz</surname>
<given-names>L. W.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Jonson</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff15">
<sup>15</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Kaminski</surname>
<given-names>J. W.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff16">
<sup>16</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Marmer</surname>
<given-names>E.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Park</surname>
<given-names>R.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff17">
<sup>17</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Pringle</surname>
<given-names>K. J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
<sup>7</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
<sup>8</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Schroeder</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">
<sup>9</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Szopa</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">
<sup>10</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Takemura</surname>
<given-names>T.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff18">
<sup>18</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Zeng</surname>
<given-names>G.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff19">
<sup>19</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Keating</surname>
<given-names>T. J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff20">
<sup>20</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Zuber</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff21">
<sup>21</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and Columbia University, New York, NY, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>European Commission, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5">
<label>5</label>
<addr-line>NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff6">
<label>6</label>
<addr-line>National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff7">
<label>7</label>
<addr-line>Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff8">
<label>8</label>
<addr-line>now at: Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff9">
<label>9</label>
<addr-line>ICG-2, Forschungszentrum-Jülich, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff10">
<label>10</label>
<addr-line>Laboratoire des Science du Climat et de l&apos;Environnement, Gif-sur-Yvette, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff11">
<label>11</label>
<addr-line>Department of Environmental Science, Lancaster University, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff12">
<label>12</label>
<addr-line>Atmospheric Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CA, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff13">
<label>13</label>
<addr-line>Laboratoire de Modélisation de la Chimie Atmosphérique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff14">
<label>14</label>
<addr-line>Goddard Earth Science &amp; Technology Center, U. Maryland Baltimore County, MD, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff15">
<label>15</label>
<addr-line>Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff16">
<label>16</label>
<addr-line>Center for Research in Earth and Space Science, York University, Canada</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff17">
<label>17</label>
<addr-line>Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling Group, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA and School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff18">
<label>18</label>
<addr-line>Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, Japan</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff19">
<label>19</label>
<addr-line>National Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff20">
<label>20</label>
<addr-line>Office of Policy Analysis and Review, Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff21">
<label>21</label>
<addr-line>Environment Directorate General, European Commission, Brussels, Belgium</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>10</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<issue>17</issue>
<fpage>5353</fpage>
<lpage>5372</lpage>
<permissions>
<license xlink:type="simple">
<license-p>This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/8/5353/2008/acp-8-5353-2008.html">This article is available from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/8/5353/2008/acp-8-5353-2008.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/8/5353/2008/acp-8-5353-2008.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/8/5353/2008/acp-8-5353-2008.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>We examine the response of Arctic gas and aerosol concentrations to
perturbations in pollutant emissions from Europe, East and South Asia, and
North America using results from a coordinated model intercomparison. These
sensitivities to regional emissions (mixing ratio change per unit emission)
vary widely across models and species. Intermodel differences are
systematic, however, so that the relative importance of different regions is
robust. North America contributes the most to Arctic ozone pollution. For
aerosols and CO, European emissions dominate at the Arctic surface but East
Asian emissions become progressively more important with altitude, and are
dominant in the upper troposphere. Sensitivities show strong seasonality:
surface sensitivities typically maximize during boreal winter for European
and during spring for East Asian and North American emissions.
Mid-tropospheric sensitivities, however, nearly always maximize during
spring or summer for all regions. Deposition of black carbon (BC) onto
Greenland is most sensitive to North American emissions. North America and
Europe each contribute ~40% of total BC deposition to Greenland,
with ~20% from East Asia. Elsewhere in the Arctic, both sensitivity
and total BC deposition are dominated by European emissions. Model diversity
for aerosols is especially large, resulting primarily from differences in
aerosol physical and chemical processing (including removal). Comparison of
modeled aerosol concentrations with observations indicates problems in the
models, and perhaps, interpretation of the measurements. For gas phase
pollutants such as CO and O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;, which are relatively well-simulated, the
processes contributing most to uncertainties depend on the source region and
altitude examined. Uncertainties in the Arctic surface CO response to
emissions perturbations are dominated by emissions for East Asian sources,
while uncertainties in transport, emissions, and oxidation are comparable
for European and North American sources. At higher levels, model-to-model
variations in transport and oxidation are most important. Differences in
photochemistry appear to play the largest role in the intermodel variations
in Arctic ozone sensitivity, though transport also contributes substantially
in the mid-troposphere.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="20"/></counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body/>
<back>
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