Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
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10.5194/acp-8-407-2008
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http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/8/407/2008/acp-8-407-2008.pdf
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2008-01-31
Chemical composition of free tropospheric aerosol for PM1 and coarse mode at the high alpine site Jungfraujoch
J. Cozic
B. Verheggen
E. Weingartner
ernest.weingartner@psi.ch
J. Crosier
K. N. Bower
M. Flynn
H. Coe
S. Henning
M. Steinbacher
S. Henne
M. Collaud Coen
A. Petzold
U. Baltensperger
Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
Leibniz-Institute for Tropospheric Research, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
Empa, Laboratory for Air Pollution/Environmental Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology, MeteoSwiss, Aerological Station, 1530 Payerne, Switzerland
Institute for Atmospheric Physics, German Aerospace Centre, 82234 Wessling, Germany
currently at: Energy research Centre of the Netherlands ECN, P.O. Box 1, 1755 ZG Petten, The Netherlands
The chemical composition of submicron (fine mode) and supermicron (coarse
mode) aerosol particles has been investigated at the Jungfraujoch high
alpine research station (3580 m a.s.l., Switzerland) as part of the GAW aerosol
monitoring program since 1999. A clear seasonality was observed for all
major components throughout the period with low concentrations in winter
(predominantly free tropospheric aerosol) and higher concentrations in
summer (enhanced vertical transport of boundary layer pollutants). In
addition, mass closure was attempted during intensive campaigns in March
2004, February–March 2005 and August 2005. Ionic, carbonaceous and
non-refractory components of the aerosol were quantified as well as the PM1 and
coarse mode total aerosol mass concentrations. A relatively low conversion
factor of 1.8 for organic carbon (OC) to particulate organic matter (OM) was
found in winter (February–March 2005). Organics, sulfate, ammonium, and
nitrate were the major components of the fine aerosol fraction that were
identified, while calcium and nitrate were the only two measured components
contributing to the coarse mode. The aerosol mass concentrations for fine
and coarse mode aerosol measured during the intensive campaigns were not
typical of the long-term seasonality due largely to dynamical differences.
Average fine and coarse mode concentrations during the intensive field
campaigns were 1.7 μg m<sup>−3</sup> and 2.4 μg m<sup>−3</sup> in winter and
2.5 μg m<sup>−3</sup> and 2.0 μg m<sup>−3</sup> in summer, respectively. The
mass balance of aerosols showed higher contributions of calcium and nitrate
in the coarse mode during Saharan dust events (SDE) than without SDE.
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