References

ACP

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

ACP

1680-7324

Copernicus GmbH

Göttingen, Germany

10.5194/acp-8-1789-2008

Influence of clouds on the spectral actinic flux density in the lower troposphere (INSPECTRO): overview of the field campaigns

Thiel

¹ Ammannato

² Bais

³ Bandy

⁴ Blumthaler

⁵ Bohn

⁶ Engelsen

⁷ Gobbi

G. P.

² Gröbner

⁸ ¹⁷ Jäkel

⁹ ²² Junkermann

¹ Kazadzis

³ Kift

¹⁰ Kjeldstad

¹¹ Kouremeti

³ Kylling

¹² ¹⁸ Mayer

¹³ Monks

P. S.

¹⁴ Reeves

C. E.

⁴ Schallhart

⁵ Scheirer

¹³ ¹⁹ Schmidt

⁹ ²⁰ Schmitt

¹⁵ Schreder

¹⁶ Silbernagl

⁵ ²¹ Topaloglou

³ Thorseth

T. M.

¹¹ ²³ Webb

A. R.

¹⁰ Wendisch

⁹ ²² Werle

Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung (IMK-IFU), Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany

Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima (ISAC-CNR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy

Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics, Thessaloniki, Greece

School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK

Division of Biomedical Physics, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria

Forschungszentrum Jülich, ICG Institut 2: Troposphäre, Jülich, Germany

Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Polar Environmental Centre, Tromso, Norway

Institute for Health and Consumer Protection (IHCP), Physical and Chemical Exposure Unit, European Comission – Joint Research Center (JRC), Ispra, Italy

Institute for Tropospheric Research (IFT), Leipzig, Germany

University of Manchester, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Science, Manchester, UK

Dept. of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway

Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Oslo, Norway

Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany

Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK

Meteoconsult GmbH, Glashütten, Germany

CMS Ing. Dr. Schreder GmbH, Kirchbichl, Austria

now at: Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos, World Radiation Center (PMOD/WRC), Dorfstrasse 33, 7260 Davos Dorf, Switzerland

now at: St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim Univ. Hospital, and Alesund Hospital, Alesund, Norway

now at: Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), Folkborgsvägen 1, 60176 Norrköping, Sverige

now at: University of Colorado, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Duane Physics Building, Room D-337, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0311, USA

now at: Institut f. Medizinischen Strahlenschutz und Dosimetrie, Landeskrankenhaus Innsbruck, Innrain 66, 6020 Innsbruck

now at: Institute for Atmospheric Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Becherweg 21, 55099 Mainz, Germany

now at: Sor Trondelag University College, Faculty of Technology, 7004 Trondheim, Norway

26 03 2008

8 6 1789 1812

This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

This article is available from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/8/1789/2008/acp-8-1789-2008.html

The full text article is available as a PDF file from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/8/1789/2008/acp-8-1789-2008.pdf

Ultraviolet radiation is the key factor driving tropospheric photochemistry. It is strongly modulated by clouds and aerosols. A quantitative understanding of the radiation field and its effect on photochemistry is thus only possible with a detailed knowledge of the interaction between clouds and radiation. The overall objective of the project INSPECTRO was the characterization of the three-dimensional actinic radiation field under cloudy conditions. This was achieved during two measurement campaigns in Norfolk (East Anglia, UK) and Lower Bavaria (Germany) combining space-based, aircraft and ground-based measurements as well as simulations with the one-dimensional radiation transfer model UVSPEC and the three-dimensional radiation transfer model MYSTIC. During both campaigns the spectral actinic flux density was measured at several locations at ground level and in the air by up to four different aircraft. This allows the comparison of measured and simulated actinic radiation profiles. In addition satellite data were used to complete the information of the three dimensional input data set for the simulation. A three-dimensional simulation of actinic flux density data under cloudy sky conditions requires a realistic simulation of the cloud field to be used as an input for the 3-D radiation transfer model calculations. Two different approaches were applied, to derive high- and low-resolution data sets, with a grid resolution of about 100 m and 1 km, respectively. The results of the measured and simulated radiation profiles as well as the results of the ground based measurements are presented in terms of photolysis rate profiles for ozone and nitrogen dioxide. During both campaigns all spectroradiometer systems agreed within ±10% if mandatory corrections e.g. stray light correction were applied. Stability changes of the systems were below 5% over the 4 week campaign periods and negligible over a few days. The J(O1D) data of the single monochromator systems can be evaluated for zenith angles less than 70°, which was satisfied by nearly all airborne measurements during both campaigns. The comparison of the airborne measurements with corresponding simulations is presented for the total, downward and upward flux during selected clear sky periods of both campaigns. The compliance between the measured (from three aircraft) and simulated downward and total flux profiles lies in the range of ±15%.

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