Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
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2007
10.5194/acp-7-5899-2007
http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/7/5899/2007/
http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/7/5899/2007/acp-7-5899-2007.html
http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/7/5899/2007/acp-7-5899-2007.pdf
5899
5915
2007-11-28
Regional aerosol optical properties and radiative impact of the extreme smoke event in the European Arctic in spring 2006
C. Lund Myhre
clm@nilu.no
C. Toledano
G. Myhre
K. Stebel
K. E. Yttri
V. Aaltonen
M. Johnsrud
M. Frioud
V. Cachorro
A. de Frutos
H. Lihavainen
J. R. Campbell
A. P. Chaikovsky
M. Shiobara
E. J. Welton
K. Tørseth
Norwegian Institute for Air Research, P.box 100, 2027 Kjeller, Norway
Grupo de Óptica Atmosférica (GOA-UVA), Universidad de Valladolid, Spain
Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Norway
Center for International Climate and Environmental Research – Oslo, Norway
Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
ALOMAR/Andøya Rocket Range, Andenes, Norway
University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, USA
Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences, Minsk, Belarus
National Institute of Polar Research, Tokyo, Japan
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
In spring 2006 a special meteorological situation occurred in the European
Arctic region giving record high levels of air pollution. The synoptic
situation resulted in extensive transport of pollution predominantly from
agricultural fires in Eastern Europe into the Arctic region and record high
air-pollution levels were measured at the Zeppelin observatory at
Ny-Ålesund (78°54' N, 11°53' E) in the period from 25 April to
12 May. In the present study we investigate the optical properties of the
aerosols from this extreme event and we estimate the radiative forcing of
this episode.
<br><br>
We examine the aerosol optical properties from the source region and into
the European Arctic and explore the evolution of the episode and the changes
in the optical properties. A number of sites in Eastern Europe, Northern
Scandinavia and Svalbard are included in the study. The observations show
that the maximum AOD was from 2–3 May at all sites and varies from 0.52 to
0.87, and the corresponding Ångstrøm exponent was relatively large.
Lidar measurements from Minsk, ALOMAR (Arctic Lidar Observatory for Middle
Atmosphere Research at Andenes) and Ny-Ålesund show that the aerosol
layer was below 3 km at all sites the height is decreasing from the source
region and into the Arctic. For the AERONET sites included (Minsk, Toravere,
Hornsund) we have further studied the evolution of the aerosol size. The
single scattering albedo at Svalbard is provided for two sites;
Ny-Ålesund and Hornsund. Importantly the calculated single scattering
albedo based on the aerosol chemical composition and size distribution from
Ny-Ålesund and the AERONET measurements at Hornsund are consistent. We
have found strong agreement between the satellite daily MODIS AOD and the
ground-based AOD observations. This agreement is crucial for accurate
radiative forcing calculations. We calculate a strong negative radiative
forcing for the most polluted days employing the analysed ground based data,
MODIS AOD and a multi-stream model for radiative transfer of solar
radiation. During this specific pollution event the forcing reached values
as low as −35 W m<sup>−2</sup> in the region. For comparison, the direct forcing of
a corresponding aerosol layer with a typical AOD of 0.05 for the season is
around −5 W m<sup>−2</sup>.
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