<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE article SYSTEM "http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/inc/acp/copernicus.dtd">
<article language="en">
	<journal>
		<journal_title>Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics</journal_title>
		<journal_url>www.atmos-chem-phys.net</journal_url>
		<issn>1680-7316</issn>
		<eissn>1680-7324</eissn>
		<volume_number>7</volume_number>
		<issue_number>19</issue_number>
		<publication_year>2007</publication_year>
	</journal>
	<doi>10.5194/acp-7-5263-2007</doi>
	<article_url>http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/7/5263/2007/</article_url>
	<abstract_html>http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/7/5263/2007/acp-7-5263-2007.html</abstract_html>
	<fulltext_pdf>http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/7/5263/2007/acp-7-5263-2007.pdf</fulltext_pdf>
	<start_page>5263</start_page>
	<end_page>5274</end_page>
	<publication_date>2007-10-12</publication_date>
	<article_title content_type="html">Inferring thermodynamic properties from CCN activation experiments: single-component and binary aerosols</article_title>
	<authors>
		<author numeration="1" affiliations="1">
			<name>L. T. Padró</name>
		</author>
		<author numeration="2" affiliations="1">
			<name>A. Asa-Awuku</name>
		</author>
		<author numeration="3" affiliations="1,3">
			<name>R. Morrison</name>
		</author>
		<author numeration="4" affiliations="1,2">
			<name>A. Nenes</name>
			<email>nenes@eas.gatech.edu</email>
		</author>
	</authors>
	<affiliations>
		<affiliation numeration="1" content_type="html">School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA</affiliation>
		<affiliation numeration="2" content_type="html">School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA</affiliation>
		<affiliation numeration="3" content_type="html">now at: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA</affiliation>
	</affiliations>
	<abstract content_type="html">This study presents a new method, Köhler Theory Analysis (KTA), to infer
the molar volume and solubility of organic aerosol constituents. The method
is based on measurements of surface tension, chemical composition, and CCN
activity coupled with Köhler theory. KTA is evaluated by inferring the
molar volume of six known organics (four dicarboxylic acids, one amino acid,
and one sugar) in pure form and in mixtures with ammonium sulfate
((NH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;). The average error in inferred molar volumes are
to within 18% of their expected value for organic fractions between 50
and 90%. This suggests that KTA is a potentially powerful tool for
determining the CCN characteristic of ambient water soluble organic carbon
(WSOC), providing physically-based constraints for aerosol-cloud interaction
parameterizations.</abstract>
	<references>
		<reference numeration="1" content_type="text"> CRC: Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Ed., CRC Press, New York, 2002. </reference>
		<reference numeration="2" content_type="text"> Abbatt, J. P. D., Broekhuizen, K., and Kumal, P. P.: Cloud condensation nucleus activity of internally mixed ammonium sulfate/organic acid aerosol particles, Atmos. Environ., 39(26), 4767&amp;ndash;4778, 2005. </reference>
		<reference numeration="3" content_type="text"> Albrecht, B. A.: Aerosols, cloud microphysics, and fractional cloudiness, Science, 245, 1227&amp;ndash;1230, 1989. </reference>
		<reference numeration="4" content_type="text"> Bilde, M. and Svenningsson, B.: CCN activation of slightly soluble organics: the importance of small amounts of inorganic salt and particle phase, Tellus Series B-Chemical and Physical Meteorology, 56(2), 128&amp;ndash;134, 2004. </reference>
		<reference numeration="5" content_type="text"> Bretchel, F. J. and Kreidenweis, S. M.: Predicting particle critical supersaturation from hygroscopic growth measurements in the humidified TDMA. Part I: Theory and sensitivity studies, J. Atmos. Sci., 57(12), 1854&amp;ndash;1871, 2000. </reference>
		<reference numeration="6" content_type="text"> Broekhuizen, K., Kumar, P. P., and Abbatt, J. P. D.: Partially soluble organics as cloud condensation nuclei: Role of trace soluble and surface active species, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31(1), L01107, doi:10.1029/2003GL018203, 2004. </reference>
		<reference numeration="7" content_type="text"> Broekhuizen, K., Chang, R. Y.-W., Leaitch, W. R., Li, S.-M., and Abbatt, J. P. D.: Closure between measured and modeled cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) using size-resolved aerosol compositions in downtown Toronto, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 2513&amp;ndash;2524, 2006. </reference>
		<reference numeration="8" content_type="text"> Cruz, C. N. and Pandis, S. N.: A study of the ability of pure secondary organic aerosol to act as cloud condensation nuclei, Atmos. Environ., 31(15), 2205&amp;ndash;2214, 1997. </reference>
		<reference numeration="9" content_type="text"> Decesari, S., Facchini, M. C., Fuzzi, S., and Tagliavini, E.: Characterization of water-soluble organic compounds in atmospheric aerosol: A new approach, J. Geophys. Res.-A., 105(D1), 1481&amp;ndash;1489, 2000. </reference>
		<reference numeration="10" content_type="text"> Facchini, M. C., Decesari, S., Mircea, M., Fuzzi, S., and Loglio, G.: Surface tension of atmospheric wet aerosol and cloud/fog droplets in relation to their organic carbon content and chemical composition, Atmos. Environ., 34(28), 4853&amp;ndash;4857, 2000. </reference>
		<reference numeration="11" content_type="text"> Facchini, M. C., Fuzzi, S., Zappoli, S., Andracchio, A., Gelencser, A., Kiss, G., Krivacsy, Z., Meszaros, E., Hansson, H. C., Alsberg, T., and Zebuhr, Y.: Partitioning of the organic aerosol component between fog droplets and interstitial air, J. Geophys. Res.-A., 104(D21), 26 821&amp;ndash;26 832, 1999a. </reference>
		<reference numeration="12" content_type="text"> Facchini, M. C., Mircea, M., Fuzzi, S., and Charlson, R. J.: Cloud albedo enhancement by surface-active organic solutes in growing droplets, Nature, 401(6750), 257&amp;ndash;259, 1999b. </reference>
		<reference numeration="13" content_type="text"> Feingold, G. and Chuang, P. Y.: Analysis of the influence of film-forming compounds on droplet growth: Implications for cloud microphysical processes and climate, J. Atmos. Sci., 59(12), 2006&amp;ndash;2018, 2002. </reference>
		<reference numeration="14" content_type="text"> Giebl, H., Berner, A., Reischl, G., Puxbaum, H., Kasper-Giebl, A., and Hitzenberger, R.: CCN activation of oxalic and malonic acid test aerosols with the University of Vienna cloud condensation nuclei counter, J. Aerosol Sci., 33(12), 1623&amp;ndash;1634, 2002. </reference>
		<reference numeration="15" content_type="text"> Hartz, K. E. H., Tischuk, J. E., Chan, M. N., Chan, C. K., Donahue, N. M., and Pandis, S. N.: Cloud condensation nuclei activation of limited solubility organic aerosol, Atmos. Environ., 40(4), 605&amp;ndash;617, 2006. </reference>
		<reference numeration="16" content_type="text"> IPCC, Climate Change (2001): The Scientific Basis, Ed., Cambridge University Press. United Kingdom, 2001. </reference>
		<reference numeration="17" content_type="text"> Kanakidou, M., Seinfeld, J. H., Pandis, S. N., Barnes, I., Dentener, F. J., Facchini, M. C., Van Dingenen, R., Ervens, B., Nenes, A., Nielsen, C. J., Swietlicki, E., Putaud, J. P., Balkanski, Y., Fuzzi, S., Horth, J., Moortgat, G. K., Winterhalter, R., Myhre, C. E. L., Tsigaridis, K., Vignati, E., Stephanou, E. G., and Wilson, J.: Organic aerosol and global climate modelling: a review, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1053&amp;ndash;1123, 2005. </reference>
		<reference numeration="18" content_type="text"> Kiss, G., Tombacz, E., and Hansson, H. C.: Surface tension effects of humic-like substances in the aqueous extract of tropospheric fine aerosol, J. Atmos. Chem., 50(3), 279&amp;ndash;294, 2005. </reference>
		<reference numeration="19" content_type="text"> Köhler, H.: The nucleus in and the growth of hygroscopic droplets, Transactions of the Faraday Society, 32(2), 1152&amp;ndash;1161, 1936. </reference>
		<reference numeration="20" content_type="text"> Kumar, P. P., Broekhuizen, K., and Abbatt, J. P. D.: Organic acids as cloud condensation nuclei: Laboratory studies of highly soluble and insoluble species, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 509&amp;ndash;520, 2003. </reference>
		<reference numeration="21" content_type="text"> Langmuir, I.: The constitution and fundamental properties of solids and liquids. II. Liquids., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 39, 1848&amp;ndash;1906, 1917. </reference>
		<reference numeration="22" content_type="text"> Nenes, A., Charlson, R. J., Facchini, M. C., Kulmala, M., Laaksonen, A., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Can chemical effects on cloud droplet number rival the first indirect effect?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(17), 1848, doi:10.1029/2002GL015295, 2002. </reference>
		<reference numeration="23" content_type="text"> Padró, L. T. and Nenes, A.: Cloud droplet activation: solubility revisited, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 7, 2325&amp;ndash;2355, 2007. </reference>
		<reference numeration="24" content_type="text"> Raymond, T. M. and Pandis, S. N.: Cloud activation of single-component organic aerosol particles, J. Geophys. Res.-A., 107(D24), 4787, doi:10.1029/2002JD002159, 2002. </reference>
		<reference numeration="25" content_type="text"> Raymond, T. M. and Pandis, S. N.: Formation of cloud droplets by multicomponent organic particles, J. Geophys. Res.-A., 108(D15), 4469, doi:10.1029/2003JD003503, 2003. </reference>
		<reference numeration="26" content_type="text"> Roberts, G. C. and Nenes, A.: A continuous-flow streamwise thermal-gradient CCN chamber for atmospheric measurements, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 39(3), 206&amp;ndash;211, 2005. </reference>
		<reference numeration="27" content_type="text"> Rosenørn, T., Kiss, G., and Bilde, M.: Cloud droplet activation of saccharides and levoglucosan particles, Atmos. Environ., 40(10), 1794&amp;ndash;1802, 2006. </reference>
		<reference numeration="28" content_type="text"> Saxena, P. and Hildemann, L. M.: Water-soluble organics in atmospheric particles: A critical review of the literature and application of thermodynamics to identify candidate compounds, J. Atmos. Chem., 24(1), 57&amp;ndash;109, 1996. </reference>
		<reference numeration="29" content_type="text"> Seinfeld, J. H. and Pandis, S.: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Ed., John Wiley, New York, 1998. </reference>
		<reference numeration="30" content_type="text"> Shulman, M. L., Jacobson, M. C., Carlson, R. J., Synovec, R. E., and Young, T. E.: Dissolution behavior and surface tension effects of organic compounds in nucleating cloud droplets, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23(3), 277&amp;ndash;280, 1996. </reference>
		<reference numeration="31" content_type="text"> Solomons, G. and Fryhle, C.: Organic Chemistry, Ed., John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc., New York, 2000. </reference>
		<reference numeration="32" content_type="text"> Sorjamaa, R. and Laaksonen, A.: The influence of surfactant properties on critical supersaturations of cloud condensation nuclei, J. Aerosol Sci., 37(12), 1730&amp;ndash;1736, 2006. </reference>
		<reference numeration="33" content_type="text"> Sorjamaa, R., Svenningsson, B., Raatikainen, T., Henning, S., Bilde, M., and Laaksonen, A.: The role of surfactants in Köhler theory reconsidered, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 2107&amp;ndash;2117, 2004. </reference>
		<reference numeration="34" content_type="text"> Spelt, J. K. and Li, D.: Applied Surface Thermodynamics, Ed., Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1996. </reference>
		<reference numeration="35" content_type="text"> Sullivan, A. P. and Weber, R. J.: Chemical characterization of the ambient organic aerosol soluble in water: 1. Isolation of hydrophobic and hydrophilic fractions with a XAD-8 resin, J. Geophys. Res.-A., 111(D5), D05314, doi:10.1029/2005JD006485, 2006a. </reference>
		<reference numeration="36" content_type="text"> Sullivan, A. P. and Weber, R. J.: Chemical characterization of the ambient organic aerosol soluble in water: 2. Isolation of acid, neutral, and basic fractions by modified size-exclusion chromatography, J. Geophys. Res.-A., 111(D5), D05315, doi:10.1029/2005JD006486, 2006b. </reference>
		<reference numeration="37" content_type="text"> Twomey, S.: Minimum size of particle for nucleation in clouds, J. Atmos. Sci., 34(11), 1832&amp;ndash;1835, 1977. </reference>
		<reference numeration="38" content_type="text"> Yaws, C. L.: Yaw&apos;s handbook of thermodynamic and physical properties of chemical compounds, Ed., Knovel, New York, 2003. </reference>
		<reference numeration="39" content_type="text"> Zappoli, S., Andracchio, A., Fuzzi, S., Facchini, M. C., Gelencser, A., Kiss, G., Krivacsy, Z., Molnar, A., Meszaros, E., Hansson, H. C., Rosman, K., and Zebuhr, Y.: Inorganic, organic and macromolecular components of fine aerosol in different areas of Europe in relation to their water solubility, Atmos. Environ., 33(17), 2733&amp;ndash;2743, 1999. </reference>
	</references>
</article>

