References

ACP

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

ACP

1680-7324

Copernicus GmbH

Göttingen, Germany

10.5194/acp-7-4953-2007

Civil Aircraft for the regular investigation of the atmosphere based on an instrumented container: The new CARIBIC system

Brenninkmeijer

C. A. M.

¹ Crutzen

¹ Boumard

⁵ Dauer

² Dix

³ Ebinghaus

⁴ Filippi

⁵ Fischer

⁶ Franke

⁷ Frieβ

³ Heintzenberg

⁸ Helleis

¹ Hermann

⁸ Kock

H. H.

⁴ Koeppel

¹ Lelieveld

¹ Leuenberger

⁹ Martinsson

B. G.

¹⁰ Miemczyk

¹¹ Moret

H. P.

⁹ Nguyen

H. N.

¹⁰ Nyfeler

⁹ Oram

¹² O'Sullivan

¹² Penkett

¹² Platt

³ Pupek

¹ Ramonet

⁵ Randa

¹ Reichelt

⁸ Rhee

T. S.

¹ ¹⁹ Rohwer

¹¹ Rosenfeld

¹¹ Scharffe

¹ Schlager

¹³ Schumann

¹³ Slemr

¹ Sprung

⁶ Stock

¹³ Thaler

¹¹ Valentino

⁹ van Velthoven

¹⁴ Waibel

¹⁵ Wandel

¹⁶ Waschitschek

¹⁷ ²⁰ Wiedensohler

⁸ Xueref-Remy

⁵ Zahn

⁶ Zech

¹⁸ Ziereis

¹³

Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie (MPI), Air Chemistry Division, Joh.-J.-Becherweg 27, 55128 Mainz, Germany

Lufthansa Technik, Lufthansa Base, Frankfurt Airport, FRA WE 24, 60546 Frankfurt, Germany

Institut für Umweltphysik, Universität Heidelberg, INF229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany

GKSS-Research Centre, Institute for Coastal Research (GKSS), Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany

Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (CNRS), Unité mixte CNRS/CEA, CEA Saclay Orme des Merisiers – Bat.703, Pièce 26, 91191 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France

Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung (IMK), Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Weberstr. 5, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany

Enviscope GmbH, Arnoldhainer Str. 5, 60489 Frankfurt, Germany

Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung (IFT), Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany

University Bern, Institut für Klima- und Umweltphysik, Sidlerstr. 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland

University of Lund, Division of Nuclear Physics, P.O. Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden

Lufthansa Technik, VIP & Government Jet Maintenance, Weg beim Jaeger 193, 22335, Hamburg, Germany

University of East Anglia, School of Environmental Sciences, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK

Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, 82230 Wessling, Germany

Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), P.O. Box 201, NL-3730 AE, de Bilt, the Netherlands

Lufthansa, Environmental Division, Frankfurt Airport Center, Hugo-Eckener-Ring B.649, 60549 Frankfurt, Germany

Heggeman Aerospace AG, Zeppelinring 1–6, 33142 Büren, Germany

Garner CAD Technik GmbH, Argelsrieder Feld 2/4, 82234 Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany

KOLT Engineering GmbH, Argelsrieder Feld 20, 82234 Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany

now at: Korean Polar Research Institute, Sangrokgu Sa-2-dong 1270, Ansan 426-744, Korea

now at: RUAG Aerospace Services GmbH, P.O.Box 1253, 82231 Wessling, Germany

27 09 2007

7 18 4953 4976

This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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An airfreight container with automated instruments for measurement of atmospheric gases and trace compounds was operated on a monthly basis onboard a Boeing 767-300 ER of LTU International Airways during long-distance flights from 1997 to 2002 (CARIBIC, Civil Aircraft for Regular Investigation of the Atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container, <a href="http://www.caribic-atmospheric.com">http://www.caribic-atmospheric.com</a>). Subsequently a more advanced system has been developed, using a larger capacity container with additional equipment and an improved inlet system. CARIBIC phase #2 was implemented on a new long-range aircraft type Airbus A340-600 of the Lufthansa German Airlines (Star Alliance) in December 2004, creating a powerful flying observatory. The instrument package comprises detectors for the measurement of O3, total and gaseous H2O, NO and NOy, CO, CO2, O2, Hg, and number concentrations of sub-micrometer particles (>4 nm, >12 nm, and >18 nm diameter). Furthermore, an optical particle counter (OPC) and a proton transfer mass spectrometer (PTR-MS) are incorporated. Aerosol samples are collected for analysis of elemental composition and particle morphology after flight. Air samples are taken in glass containers for laboratory analyses of hydrocarbons, halocarbons and greenhouse gases (including isotopic composition of CO2) in several laboratories. Absorption tubes collect oxygenated volatile organic compounds. Three differential optical absorption spectrometers (DOAS) with their telescopes mounted in the inlet system measure atmospheric trace gases such as BrO, HONO, and NO2. A video camera mounted in the inlet provides information about clouds along the flight track. The flying observatory, its equipment and examples of measurement results are reported.

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