Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
www.atmos-chem-phys.net
1680-7316
1680-7324
7
18
2007
10.5194/acp-7-4751-2007
http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/7/4751/2007/
http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/7/4751/2007/acp-7-4751-2007.html
http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/7/4751/2007/acp-7-4751-2007.pdf
4751
4762
2007-09-18
Spatially resolved measurements of nitrogen dioxide in an urban environment using concurrent multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy
R. J. Leigh
G. K. Corlett
U. Frieß
P. S. Monks
University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
now at: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
A novel system using the technique of concurrent multi-axis
differential optical absorption spectroscopy system has been
developed and applied to the measurement of nitrogen dioxide in an
urban environment. Using five fixed telescopes, slant columns of
nitrogen dioxide, ozone, water vapour, and the oxygen dimer,
O<sub>4</sub>, are simultaneously retrieved in five vertically separated
viewing directions. The application of this remote sensing technique
in the urban environment is explored. Through the application of
several simplifying assumptions a tropospheric concentration of
NO<sub>2</sub> is derived and compared with an urban background
in-situ chemiluminescence detector. Trends derived from
remote sensing and in-situ techniques show agreement to
within 15 to 40% depending on conditions. Owing to the high time
resolution of the measurements, the ability to image and quantify
plumes within the urban environment is demonstrated. The CMAX-DOAS
measurements provide a useful measure of overall NO<sub>2</sub>
concentrations on a city-wide scale.
Aliwell, S R., Van~Roozendael, M., Johnston, P V., Richter, A., Wagner, T., Arlander, D W., Burrows, J P., Fish, D J., Jones, R L., Tornkvist, K K., Lambert, J C., Pfeilsticker, K., and Pundt, I.: Analysis for BrO in zenith-sky spectra: An intercomparison exercise for analysis improvement, J Geophys Res.-Atmos., 107, 4199, 2002.
Bobrowski, N., Hönninger, G., Galle, B., and Platt, U.: Detection of bromine monoxide in a volcanic plume, Nature, 423, 273–276, 2003.
Briggs, G.: Plume rise predictions, lectures on Air Pollution and Environmental Impact Analysis, Tech. rep., U.S. Dept of Energy, 1975.
Eresmaa, N., Karppinen, A., Joffre, S M., Räsänen, J., and Talvitie, H.: Mixing height determination by ceilometer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 1485–1493, 2006.
Frieß, U., Wagner, T., Pundt, I., Pfeilsticker, K., and Platt, U.: Spectroscopic measurements of tropospheric iodine oxide at Neumayer Station, Antarctica, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1941–1944, 2001.
Frieß, U., Monks, P S., Remedios, J J., Rozanov, A., Sinreich, R., Wagner, T., and Platt, U.: MAX-DOAS O<sub>4</sub> measurements: A new technique to derive information on atmospheric aerosols: 2. Modelling studies, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 111, D14203, doi:10.1029/2005JD006618, 2006.
Heckel, A., Richter, A., Tarsu, T., Wittrock, F., Hak, C., Pundt, I., Junkermann, W., and Burrows, J P.: MAX-DOAS measurements of formaldehyde in the Po-Valley, Atmos Chem Phys., 5, 909–918, 2005.
Hönninger, G., Bobrowski, N., Palenque, E R., Torrez, R., and Platt, U.: Reactive bromine and sulfur emissions at Salar de Uyuni, Bolivia, Geophys Res Lett., 31, L04101, 2004a.
Hönninger, G., Leser, H., Sebastian, O., and Platt, U.: Ground-based measurements of halogen oxides at the Hudson Bay by active longpath DOAS and passive MAX-DOAS, Geophys Res Lett., 31, L04111, 2004b.
Hönninger, G., von Friedeburg, C., and Platt, U.: Multi axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX- DOAS), Atmos Chem Phys., 4, 231–254, 2004c.
Johnston, P V. and McKenzie, R L.: NO2 Observations at 45-Degrees-S During the Decreasing Phase of Solar-Cycle 21, from 1980 to 1987, J Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 94, 3473–3486, 1989.
Leigh, R J.: A Concurrent Multi-Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy system for the Measurement of Tropospheric Nitrogen., Ph.D. thesis, University of Leicester, prefixhttp://www.leos.le.ac.uk/publications/pdfs/theses/RJL_PhDThesis_2006.pdf, 2006.
Leigh, R J., Corlett, G K., Frieß, U., and Monks, P S.: A Concurrent Multi-Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy system for the Measurement of Tropospheric Nitrogen Dioxide., Appl. Opt., 45, 7504–7518, 2006.
Leser, H., Hönninger, G., and Platt, U.: MAX-DOAS measurements of BrO and NO<sub>2</sub> in the marine boundary layer, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1537, 2003.
Menut, L., Flamant, C., Pelon, J., and Flamant, P H.: Urban Boundary-Layer Height Determination from Lidar Measurements Over the Paris Area, Appl Optics, 38, 945–954, 1999.
Miller, H L., Weaver, A., Sanders, R W., Arpag, K., and Solomon, S.: Measurements of arctic sunrise surface ozone depletion events at Kangerlussuaq, Greenland (67 degrees N, to 51 degrees W), Tellus B, 49, 496–509, 1997.
Noxon, J F.: Nitrogen Dioxide in the Stratosphere and Troposphere measured by Ground-based absorption spectroscopy., Science, 189, 547–549, 1975.
Noxon, J F., Whipple, E C., and Hyde, R S.: Stratospheric NO<sub>2</sub>, 1. Observational method and behaviour at Midlatitudes., J Geophys Res.-Atmos., 84, 5047–5076, 1979.
Platt, U.: Differential optical absorption spectroscopy, (DOAS), in air monitoring by spectroscopic techniques., in: Chemical Analysis, edited by: M W., Sigrist, 127, Wiley, New York, 1994.
Rozanov, A., Rozanov, V., and Burrows, J.: Combined differential-integral approach for the radiation field computation in a spherical shell atmosphere: Nonlimb geometry, J Geophys Res., 105, 937, 2000.
Rozanov, A., Rozanov, V., and Burrows, J P.: A numerical radiative transfer model for a spherical planetary atmosphere: combined differential-integral approach involving the Picard iterative approximation, J Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, 69, 491–512, 2001.
Sanders, R W.: Improved analysis of atmospheric absorption spectra by including the temperature dependence of NO<sub>2</sub>, J Geophys Res.-Atmos., 101, 20 945–20 952, 1996.
Sinreich, R., Volkamer, R., Filsinger, F., Frieß, U., Kern, C., Platt, U., Sebastián, O., and Wagner, T.: MAX-DOAS detection of glyoxal during ICARTT 2004, Atmos Chem Phys., 6, 9459–9481, 2006.
Solomon, S., Schmeltekopf, A L., and Sanders, R W.: On the Interpretation of Zenith Sky Absorption-Measurements, J Geophys Res.-Atmos., 92, 8311–8319, 1987.
Stutz, J. and Platt, U.: Numerical analysis and estimation of the statistical error of differential optical absorption spectroscopy measurements with least-squares methods, Appl. Optics, 35, 6041–6053, 1996.
Tornkvist, K K., Arlander, D W., and Sinnhuber, B M.: Ground-based UV measurements of BrO and OClO over Ny-Alesund during winter 1996 and 1997 and Andoya during winter 1998/99, J Atmos Chem., 43, 75–106, 2002.
Van~Roozendael, M., Hermans, C., Demaziere, M., and Simon, P C.: Stratospheric NO<sub>2</sub> observations at the Jungfraujoch Station between June 1990 and May 1992, Geophys Res Lett., 21, 1383–1386, 1994.
Wagner, T., Dix, B., von Friedeburg, C., Friess, U., Sanghavi, S., Sinreich, R., and Platt, U.: MAX-DOAS O<sub>4</sub> measurements: A new technique to derive information on atmospheric aerosols - Principles and information content, J Geophys Res.-Atmos., 109, doi:10.1029/2004JD004904, D22205, 2004.
Wittrock, F.: The retrieval of oxygenated volatile organic compounds by remote sensing techniques., Ph.D. thesis, University of Bremen, Germany, 2006.
Wittrock, F., Muller, R., Richter, A., Bovensmann, H., and Burrows, J P.: Measurements of iodine monoxide (IO) above Spitsbergen, Geophys Res Lett., 27, 1471–1474, 2000.
Wittrock, F., Oetjen, H., Richter, A., Fietkau, S., Medeke, T., Rozanov, A., and Burrows, J P.: MAX-DOAS measurements of atmospheric trace gases in Ny-Alesund - Radiative transfer studies and their application, Atmos Chem Phys., 4, 955–966, 2004.