References

ACP

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

ACP

1680-7324

Copernicus GmbH

Göttingen, Germany

10.5194/acp-7-4375-2007

Halogens and their role in polar boundary-layer ozone depletion

Simpson

W. R.

¹ von Glasow

² Riedel

³ Anderson

⁴ Ariya

⁵ Bottenheim

⁶ Burrows

⁷ Carpenter

L. J.

⁸ Frieß

⁹ Goodsite

M. E.

¹⁰ Heard

¹¹ Hutterli

⁴ Jacobi

H.-W.

¹⁷ Kaleschke

¹² Neff

¹³ Plane

¹¹ Platt

⁹ Richter

⁷ Roscoe

⁴ Sander

¹⁴ Shepson

¹⁵ Sodeau

¹⁶ Steffen

⁶ Wagner

⁹ ¹⁴ Wolff

⁴

Geophysical Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, 99775-6160, USA

School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK

National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Private Bag 14–901, Wellington, New Zealand

British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK

McGill University, Canada

Environment Canada, Toronto, Canada

Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany

Dept. of Chemistry, University of York , York YO10 5DD, UK

Institute for Environmental Physics, University of Heidelberg, Germany

University of Southern Denmark, Department of Chemistry and Physics, Campusvej 55 DK5230 Odense M, Denmark

School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS29JT, UK

Center for Marine and Atmospheric Research , Institute of Oceanography, University of Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 53, 20146 Hamburg, Germany

NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder CO, USA

Air Chemistry Department, Max-Planck Institute of Chemistry, PO Box 3060, 55020 Mainz, Germany

Purdue Climate Change Research Center, 503 Northwestern Ave. West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA

Department of Chemistry, University College Cork, Ireland

Alfred Wegner Institute (AWI) for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany

22 08 2007

7 16 4375 4418

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During springtime in the polar regions, unique photochemistry converts inert halide salt ions (e.g. Br−) into reactive halogen species (e.g. Br atoms and BrO) that deplete ozone in the boundary layer to near zero levels. Since their discovery in the late 1980s, research on ozone depletion events (ODEs) has made great advances; however many key processes remain poorly understood. In this article we review the history, chemistry, dependence on environmental conditions, and impacts of ODEs. This research has shown the central role of bromine photochemistry, but how salts are transported from the ocean and are oxidized to become reactive halogen species in the air is still not fully understood. Halogens other than bromine (chlorine and iodine) are also activated through incompletely understood mechanisms that are probably coupled to bromine chemistry. The main consequence of halogen activation is chemical destruction of ozone, which removes the primary precursor of atmospheric oxidation, and generation of reactive halogen atoms/oxides that become the primary oxidizing species. The different reactivity of halogens as compared to OH and ozone has broad impacts on atmospheric chemistry, including near complete removal and deposition of mercury, alteration of oxidation fates for organic gases, and export of bromine into the free troposphere. Recent changes in the climate of the Arctic and state of the Arctic sea ice cover are likely to have strong effects on halogen activation and ODEs; however, more research is needed to make meaningful predictions of these changes.

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