References

ACP

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

ACP

1680-7324

Copernicus GmbH

Göttingen, Germany

10.5194/acp-7-2893-2007

Ambient sesquiterpene concentration and its link to air ion measurements

Bonn

¹ ⁵ Hirsikko

¹ Hakola

² Kurtén

¹ Laakso

¹ Boy

³ Dal Maso

¹ Mäkelä

J. M.

⁴ Kulmala

Department of Physical Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland

National Center of Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA

Tampere University of Technology, Institute of Physics, Tampere, Finland

now at: Estonian University of Life Sciences, Department of Plant Physiology, Tartu, Estonia

11 06 2007

7 11 2893 2916

This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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The full text article is available as a PDF file from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/7/2893/2007/acp-7-2893-2007.pdf

Ambient air ion size distributions have been measured continuously at the Finnish boreal forest site in Hyytiälä since spring 2003. In general, these measurements show a maximum of air ions below 1.0 nm in diameter. But this physical characterization does not provide any information about the ion's chemical composition, which is one key question regarding the explanation of nucleation events observed. In this study we propose a link of the observed maximum of negative air ions between 0.56 and 0.75 nm to the so-called stabilised Criegee biradical, formed in the reaction of biogenic sesquiterpenes with ozone and predominantly destroyed by its reaction with ambient water vapour. Calculations of the electron and proton affinities of 120 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup> (1.24 eV) and of 960 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup> support this link. Other possible candidates such as sulphuric acid derived clusters are unable to explain the observations made. By using this approach, we are able to calculate the ambient concentration of sesquiterpenes at the air ion instrument inlet with a high time resolution on the daily and seasonal scale. The estimated concentration is found to reveal the same seasonal pattern as emission measurements conducted at shoot level. As expected for biogenic VOCs, the concentration is obtained highest during summer (maximum values of about 100 pptv) and smallest during winter (minimum less than 1 pptv). Because of the sesquiterpenes high reactivity and its low ambient concentrations, this approach can be a first step in understanding their emission and their impact on atmospheric chemistry in more detail. The findings presented are highly relevant for emission budgets too, since boreal forests are extended over large areas of the globe.

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