References

ACP

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

ACP

1680-7324

Copernicus GmbH

Göttingen, Germany

10.5194/acp-7-2399-2007

Three years of global carbon monoxide from SCIAMACHY: comparison with MOPITT and first results related to the detection of enhanced CO over cities

Buchwitz

¹ Khlystova

¹ Bovensmann

¹ Burrows

J. P.

Institute of Environmental Physics (IUP), University of Bremen FB1, Bremen, Germany

11 05 2007

7 9 2399 2411

This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

This article is available from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/7/2399/2007/acp-7-2399-2007.html

The full text article is available as a PDF file from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/7/2399/2007/acp-7-2399-2007.pdf

Carbon monoxide (CO) is an important atmospheric constituent affecting air quality and climate. SCIAMACHY on ENVISAT is currently the only satellite instrument that can measure the vertical column of CO with nearly equal sensitivity at all altitudes down to the Earth's surface because of its near-infrared nadir observations of reflected solar radiation. Here we present three years' (2003–2005) of SCIAMACHY CO columns consistently retrieved with the latest version of our retrieval algorithm (WFMDv0.6). We describe the retrieval method and discuss the multi-year global CO data set focusing on a comparison with the operational CO column data product of MOPITT. We found reasonable to good agreement (~20%) with MOPITT, with the best agreement for 2004. We present detailed results for various regions (Europe, Middle East, India, China) and discuss to what extent enhanced levels of CO can be detected over populated areas including individual cities. The expected CO signal from cities is close to or even below the detection limit of individual measurements. We show that cities can be identified when averaging long time series.

References 1

Bergamaschi, P., Hein, R., Heimann, M., and Crutzen, P. J.: Inverse modeling of the global CO cycle, 1. Inversion of CO mixing ratios, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 1909–1927, 2000.

Bovensmann, H., Burrows, J. P., Buchwitz, M., Frerick, J., No\"el, S., Rozanov, V. V., Chance, K. V., and Goede, A.: SCIAMACHY – Mission Objectives and Measurement Modes, J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 127–150, 1999.

Bremer, H., Kar, J., Drummond, J. R., Nichitu, F., Zou, J., Liu, J., J. C. Gille, J. C., Deeter, M. N., Francis, G., Ziskin, D., and J. Warner, The Spatial and Temporal Variation of MOPITT CO in Africa and South America: A Comparison With SHADOZ Ozone and MODIS Aerosol, J. Geophys. Res., 109(D12), D12304, doi:10.1029/2003JD004234, 2004.

Buchwitz, M., Rozanov, V. V., and Burrows, J. P.: A correlated-k distribution scheme for overlapping gases suitable for retrieval of atmospheric constituents in the visible/near-infrared spectral region, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 15 247–15 261, 2000.

Buchwitz, M., Rozanov, V. V., and Burrows, J. P.: A near infrared optimized DOAS method for the fast global retrieval of atmospheric CH4, CO, CO2, H2O, and N2O total column amounts from SCIAMACHY/ENVISAT-1 nadir radiances, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 15 231–15 246, 2000.

Buchwitz, M., de Beek, R., Bramstedt, K., No\"el, S., Bovensmann, H., and Burrows, J. P.: Global carbon monoxide as retrieved from SCIAMACHY by WFM-DOAS, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 1945–1960, 2004.

Buchwitz, M., de Beek, R., No\"el, S., Burrows, J. P., Bovensmann, H., Bremer, H., Bergamaschi, P., Körner, S., and Heimann, M.: Carbon monoxide, methane, and carbon dioxide retrieved from SCIAMACHY by WFM-DOAS: year 2003 initial data set, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 3313–3329, 2005.

Buchwitz, M., de Beek, R., No\"el, S., Burrows, J. P., Bovensmann, H., Schneising, O., Khlystova, I., Bruns, M., Bremer, H., Bergamaschi, P., Körner, S., and Heimann, M.: Atmospheric carbon gases retrieved from SCIAMACHY by WFM-DOAS: version 0.5 CO and CH4 and impact of calibration improvements on CO2 retrieval, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 2727–2751, 2006.

Deeter, M. N., Emmons, L. K., Francis, G. L., Edwards, D. P., Gille, J. C., Warner, J. X., Khattatov, B., Ziskin, D., Lamarque, J.-F., Ho, S.-P., Yuding, V., Attie, J.-L., Packman, D., Chen, J., Mao, D., and Drummond, J. R.: Operational carbon monoxide retrieval algorithm and selected results for the MOPITT instrument, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4399–4409, 2003.

Dils, B., De Mazière, M., Müller, J. F., Blumenstock, T., Buchwitz, M., de Beek, R., Demoulin, P., Duchatelet, P., Fast, H., Frankenberg, C., Gloudemans, A., Griffith, D., Jones, N., Kerzenmacher, T., Mahieu, E., Mellqvist, J., Mikuteit, S., Mittermeier, R. L., Notholt, J., Schrijver, H., Smale, D., Strandberg, A., Stremme, W., Strong, K., Sussmann, R., Taylor, J., van den Broek, M., Warneke, T., Wiacek, A., and Wood, S.: Comparison between SCIAMACHY and ground-based FTIR data for total columns of CO, CH4, CO2 and N2O, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 1953–1976, 2006.

Dils, B., De Mazière, M., Blumenstock, T., Hase, F., Kramer, I., Mahieu, E., Demoulin, P., Duchatelet, P., Mellqvist, J., Strandberg, A., Buchwitz, M., Khlystova, I., Schneising, O., Velazco, V., Notholt, J., Sussmann, R., and Stremme, W.: Validation of WFM–DOAS v0.6 CO and v1.0 CH4 scientific products using European ground-based FTIR measurements, proceedings of the Third Workshop on the Atmospheric Chemistry Validation of ENVISAT (ACVE-3), 4–7 Dec. 2006, ESA/ESRIN, Frascati, Italy, ESA Publications Division Special Publication SP-642 (CD), 2006.

Frankenberg, C., Platt, U., and Wagner, T.: Retrieval of CO from SCIAMACHY onboard ENVISAT: Detection of strongly polluted areas and seasonal patterns in global CO abundances, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1639–1644, 2005.

Gloudemans, A. M. S., Schrijver, H., Kleipool, Q., van den Broek, M. M. P., Straume, A. G., Lichtenberg, G., van Hess, R. M., Aben, I., and Meirink, J. F.: The impact of SCIAMACHY near-infrared instrument calibration on CH4 and CO total columns, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 2369–2383, 2005.

Gloudemans, A. M. S., Krol, M. C., Meirink, J. F., de Laat, A. J. T., van der Werf, R., Schrijver, H., van den Broek, M. M. P., and Aben, I.: Evidence for long-range transport of carbon monoxide in the southern hemisphere from SCIAMACHY observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L16807, doi:10.1029/2006GL026804, 2006.

de Laat, A. T. J., Gloudemans, A. M. S., Schrijver, H., van den Broek, M. M. P., Meirink, J. F., Aben, I. and Krol M., Quantitative analysis of SCIAMACHY carbon monoxide total column measurements, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L07807, doi:10.1029/2005GL025530, 2006.

Richter, A., Burrows, J. P., Nüß, H., Granier, C., and Niemeier, U., Increase in tropospheric nitrogen dioxide over China observed from space, Nature, 437, 129–132, doi:10.1038/nature04092, 2005.

Rothman, L. S., Barbe, A., Benner, et al.: The HITRAN molecular spectroscopic database: edition of 2000 including updates through 2001, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 82, 5–44, 2003.

Rothman, L. S., Jaquemart, D., Barbe, A., et al.: The HITRAN 2004 molecular spectroscopic database, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 96, 139–204, 2005.