References

ACP

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

ACP

1680-7324

Copernicus GmbH

Göttingen, Germany

10.5194/acp-6-5129-2006

Characterization of on-road vehicle emissions in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area using a mobile laboratory in chase and fleet average measurement modes during the MCMA-2003 field campaign

Zavala

¹ Herndon

S. C.

² Slott

R. S.

¹ Dunlea

E. J.

¹ ⁵ Marr

L. C.

¹ ⁶ Shorter

J. H.

² Zahniser

² Knighton

W. B.

³ Rogers

T. M.

³ Kolb

C. E.

² Molina

L. T.

¹ ⁴ Molina

M. J.

¹ ⁷

Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA

Center for Atmospheric and Environmental Chemistry, Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, MA, USA

Department of chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA

Molina Center for Energy and the Environment, San Diego, CA, USA

now at: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA

now at: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech. Blacksburg, VA, USA

now at: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, USA

08 11 2006

6 12 5129 5142

This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

This article is available from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/6/5129/2006/acp-6-5129-2006.html

The full text article is available as a PDF file from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/6/5129/2006/acp-6-5129-2006.pdf

A mobile laboratory was used to measure on-road vehicle emission ratios during the MCMA-2003 field campaign held during the spring of 2003 in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA). The measured emission ratios represent a sample of emissions of in-use vehicles under real world driving conditions for the MCMA. From the relative amounts of NOx and selected VOC's sampled, the results indicate that the technique is capable of differentiating among vehicle categories and fuel type in real world driving conditions. Emission ratios for NOx, NOy, NH3, H2CO, CH3CHO, and other selected volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are presented for chase sampled vehicles in the form of frequency distributions as well as estimates for the fleet averaged emissions. Our measurements of emission ratios for both CNG and gasoline powered "colectivos" (public transportation buses that are intensively used in the MCMA) indicate that – in a mole per mole basis – have significantly larger NOx and aldehydes emissions ratios as compared to other sampled vehicles in the MCMA. Similarly, ratios of selected VOCs and NOy showed a strong dependence on traffic mode. These results are compared with the vehicle emissions inventory for the MCMA, other vehicle emissions measurements in the MCMA, and measurements of on-road emissions in U.S. cities. We estimate NOx emissions as 100 600±29 200 metric tons per year for light duty gasoline vehicles in the MCMA for 2003. According to these results, annual NOx emissions estimated in the emissions inventory for this category are within the range of our estimated NOx annual emissions. Our estimates for motor vehicle emissions of benzene, toluene, formaldehyde, and acetaldehyde in the MCMA indicate these species are present in concentrations higher than previously reported. The high motor vehicle aldehyde emissions may have an impact on the photochemistry of urban areas.

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