References

ACP

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

ACP

1680-7324

Copernicus GmbH

Göttingen, Germany

10.5194/acp-6-2593-2006

The effect of physical and chemical aerosol properties on warm cloud droplet activation

McFiggans

¹ Artaxo

² Baltensperger

³ Coe

¹ Facchini

M. C.

⁴ Feingold

⁵ Fuzzi

⁴ Gysel

¹ ³ Laaksonen

⁶ Lohmann

⁷ Mentel

T. F.

⁸ Murphy

D. M.

⁹ O'Dowd

C. D.

¹⁰ Snider

J. R.

¹¹ Weingartner

Atmospheric Sciences Group, SEAES, University of Manchester, P.O. Box 88, Manchester, M60 1QD, UK

Instituto de Fisica, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Rua do Matao, Travessa R, 187, CEP 05508-900 Sao Paulo, Brazil

Paul Scherrer Institut, Labor für Atmosphärenchemie, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland

Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima, CNR, 40129 Bologna, Italy

NOAA Environmental Technology Laboratory, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA

Department of Applied Physics, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland

Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, Schafmattstr. 30, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland

Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, ICG-II: Troposphäre, 52425 Jülich, Germany

NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA

Department of Physics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland

University of Wyoming, Department of Atmospheric Science, Laramie, WY 82071, USA

05 07 2006

6 9 2593 2649

This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

This article is available from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/6/2593/2006/acp-6-2593-2006.html

The full text article is available as a PDF file from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/6/2593/2006/acp-6-2593-2006.pdf

The effects of atmospheric aerosol on climate forcing may be very substantial but are quantified poorly at present; in particular, the effects of aerosols on cloud radiative properties, or the "indirect effects" are credited with the greatest range of uncertainty amongst the known causes of radiative forcing. This manuscript explores the effects that the composition and properties of atmospheric aerosol can have on the activation of droplets in warm clouds, so potentially influencing the magnitude of the indirect effect. The effects of size, composition, mixing state and various derived properties are assessed and a range of these properties provided by atmospheric measurements in a variety of locations is briefly reviewed. The suitability of a range of process-level descriptions to capture these aerosol effects is investigated by assessment of their sensitivities to uncertainties in aerosol properties and by their performance in closure studies. The treatment of these effects within global models is reviewed and suggestions for future investigations are made.

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