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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ACP</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ACP</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1680-7324</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus GmbH</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/acp-6-1991-2006</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Measurements of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, its stable isotopes, O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;/N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, and &lt;sup&gt;222&lt;/sup&gt;Rn at Bern, Switzerland</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Sturm</surname>
<given-names>P.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Leuenberger</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Valentino</surname>
<given-names>F. L.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Lehmann</surname>
<given-names>B.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Ihly</surname>
<given-names>B.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>08</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2006</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>6</volume>
<issue>7</issue>
<fpage>1991</fpage>
<lpage>2004</lpage>
<permissions>
<license xlink:type="simple">
<license-p>This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/6/1991/2006/acp-6-1991-2006.html">This article is available from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/6/1991/2006/acp-6-1991-2006.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/6/1991/2006/acp-6-1991-2006.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/6/1991/2006/acp-6-1991-2006.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>A one-year time series of atmospheric CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; measurements from
Bern, Switzerland, is presented. O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;/N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and Ar/N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; ratios
as well as stable carbon and oxygen isotopes of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and
&amp;delta;&lt;sup&gt;29&lt;/sup&gt;N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, &amp;delta;&lt;sup&gt;34&lt;/sup&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and &amp;delta;&lt;sup&gt;36&lt;/sup&gt;Ar were
measured periodically during a one year period. Additionally, the
&lt;sup&gt;222&lt;/sup&gt;Rn activity was measured during three months in the winter
2004. Using the correlation from short-term fluctuations of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;
and &lt;sup&gt;222&lt;/sup&gt;Rn we estimated a mean CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; flux density between
February 2004 and April 2004 in the region of Bern of
95&amp;plusmn;39 tC km&lt;sup&gt;&amp;ndash;2&lt;/sup&gt;month&lt;sup&gt;&amp;ndash;1&lt;/sup&gt;. The continuous
observations of carbon dioxide and associated tracers shed light
on diurnal and seasonal patterns of the carbon cycle in an urban
atmosphere. There is considerable variance in nighttime
&amp;delta;&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C and &amp;delta;&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;O of source CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; throughout the
year, however, with generally lower values in winter compared to
summertime. The O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;:CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; oxidation ratio during the nighttime
build-up of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; varies between &amp;ndash;0.96 and
&amp;ndash;1.69 mol O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;/mol CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;. Furthermore, Ar/N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;
measurements showed that artifacts like thermal fractionation at
the air intake are relevant for high precision measurements of
atmospheric O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;.</p>
</abstract>
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