ACP Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ACP 1680-7324 Copernicus GmbH Göttingen, Germany 10.5194/acp-6-1895-2006 Seasonal and diurnal characteristics of water soluble inorganic compounds in the gas and aerosol phase in the Zurich area Fisseha R. 1 5 Dommen J. 1 Gutzwiller L. 2 Weingartner E. 1 Gysel M. 1 3 Emmenegger C. 4 Kalberer M. 4 Baltensperger U. 1 Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland Bundesamt für Energie BFE, 3003 Bern, Switzerland School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Manchester, P.O. Box 88, Manchester M60 1QD, UK Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Hönggerberg, CH8093 Zürich, Switzerland now at: ICG-II: Troposphäre, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany 01 06 2006 6 7 1895 1904 This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. This article is available from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/6/1895/2006/acp-6-1895-2006.html The full text article is available as a PDF file from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/6/1895/2006/acp-6-1895-2006.pdf

Gas and aerosol samples were taken using a wet effluent diffusion denuder/aerosol collector (WEDD/AC) coupled to ion chromatography (IC) in the city of Zurich, Switzerland from August to September 2002 and in March 2003. Major water soluble inorganic ions; nitrate, sulfate, and nitrite were analyzed online with a time resolution of two hours for the gas and aerosol phase. The fraction of water soluble inorganic anions in PM10 varied from 15% in August to about 38% in March. Seasonal and diurnal variations of nitrate in the gas and aerosol phase were observed with more than 50% of the total nitrate in the gas phase during August and more than 80% of nitrate in the aerosol phase during March exceeding the concentration of sulfate by a factor of 2. Aerosol sulfate, on the other hand, did not show significant variability with season. However, in the gas phase, the SO<sub>2</sub> concentration was 6.5 times higher in winter than in summer. Nitrous acid (HONO) also showed a diurnal variation in both the gas and aerosol phase with the lowest concentration (0.2&ndash;0.6 &micro;g/m<sup>3</sup>) in the afternoon. The primary pollutants, NO, CO and SO<sub>2</sub> mixing ratios were often at their highest between 04:00&ndash;10:00&nbsp;local time due to the build up of fresh vehicle emission under a nocturnal inversion.