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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ACP</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ACP</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1680-7324</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus GmbH</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/acp-5-973-2005</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>A case study on the formation and evolution of ice supersaturation in the vicinity of a warm conveyor belt&apos;s outflow region</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Spichtinger</surname>
<given-names>P.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Gierens</surname>
<given-names>K.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wernli</surname>
<given-names>H.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Mainz, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>22</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>5</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>973</fpage>
<lpage>987</lpage>
<permissions>
<license xlink:type="simple">
<license-p>This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
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<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/5/973/2005/acp-5-973-2005.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/5/973/2005/acp-5-973-2005.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>A case study is presented on the formation and evolution of an
  ice-supersaturated region (ISSR) that was detected by a radiosonde
  in NE Germany at 06:00&amp;nbsp;UTC 29 November 2000. The ISSR was situated
  in the vicinity of the outflow region of a warm conveyor belt
  associated with an intense event of cyclogenesis in the eastern
  North Atlantic.  Using ECMWF analyses and trajectory calculations it
  is determined when the air parcels became supersaturated and later
  subsaturated again. In the case considered, the state of air parcel
  supersaturation can last for longer than 24h.  The ISSR was
  unusually thick: while the mean vertical extension of ISSRs in NE
  Germany is about 500m, the one investigated here reached 3km.
  The ice-supersaturated region investigated was bordered both
  vertically and horizontally by strongly subsaturated air.  Near the
  path of the radiosonde the ISSR was probably cloud free, as inferred
  from METEOSAT infrared images.  However, at other locations within
  the ISSR it is probable that there were cirrus clouds.  Relative
  humidity measurements obtained by the Lindenberg radiosonde are used
  to correct the negative bias of the ECMWF humidity and to construct
  two-dimensional maps of ice supersaturation over Europe during the
  considered period. A systematic backward trajectory analysis for the
  ISSRs on these maps shows that the ISSR air masses themselves
  experienced only a moderate upward motion during the previous days,
  whereas parts of the ISSRs were located just above strongly
  ascending air masses from the boundary layer. This indicates
  qualitatively that warm conveyor belts associated with mid-latitude
  cyclogenesis are disturbances that can induce the formation of ISSRs
  in the upper troposphere. The ISSR maps also lead us to a new
  perception of ISSRs as large dynamic regions of supersaturated air
  where cirrus clouds can be embedded at some locations while there is
  clear air at others.</p>
</abstract>
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