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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ACP</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ACP</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1680-7324</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus GmbH</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/acp-5-2927-2005</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Atmospheric bromoform at Mace Head, Ireland: seasonality and evidence for a peatland source</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Carpenter</surname>
<given-names>L. J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wevill</surname>
<given-names>D. J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>O&apos;Doherty</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Spain</surname>
<given-names>G.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Simmonds</surname>
<given-names>P. G.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Department of Physics, NUIGalway, Galway, Ireland</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>02</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>5</volume>
<issue>11</issue>
<fpage>2927</fpage>
<lpage>2934</lpage>
<permissions>
<license xlink:type="simple">
<license-p>This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/5/2927/2005/acp-5-2927-2005.html">This article is available from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/5/2927/2005/acp-5-2927-2005.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/5/2927/2005/acp-5-2927-2005.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/5/2927/2005/acp-5-2927-2005.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>In situ atmospheric observations of bromoform (CHBr&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;) made over a 2.5
year period at Mace Head, Ireland from May 2001- Dec 2003, including during
the NAMBLEX (North Atlantic Marine Boundary Layer Experiment) campaign, show
broad maxima from spring until autumn and winter minima, with mixing ratios
of 5.3+1.0 pptv (mid March - mid October) and 1.8+0.8 pptv
(December-February). This indicates that, unlike CHCl&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;, which has a
summer minimum and winter maximum at Mace Head, local biological sources of
CHBr&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; have a greater influence on the atmospheric data than
photochemical decay during long-range transport. The emission sources are
predominantly macroalgal, but we find evidence for a small terrestrial flux
from peatland ecosystems, which so far has not been accounted for in the
CHBr&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; budget. Sharp increases in CHCl&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; and CHBr&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;
concentrations and decreases in O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; concentrations occurred at night
when the wind direction switched from an ocean- to a land-based sector (land
breeze) and the wind speed dropped to below 5 ms&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;. These observations
infer a shallow atmospheric boundary layer with increased O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; deposition
and concentration of local emissions of both CHCl&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; and CHBr&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;. The
ratio of &amp;Delta;CHCl&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;/&amp;Delta;CHBr&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; varied strongly according
to the prevailing wind direction; from 0.60+0.15 in south-easterly
(100-170&amp;deg; and northerly (340-20&amp;deg;) air to 2.5+0.4 in north-easterly
(40-70&amp;deg;) air. Of these land-sectors, the south-easterly air masses
are likely to be strongly influenced by macroalgal beds along the coast and
the emission ratios probably reflect those from seaweeds in addition to land
sources. The north-easterly airmasses however had an immediate fetch inland,
which locally is comprised of coastal peatland ecosystems (peat bogs and
coastal conifer plantations), previously identified as being strong sources
of atmospheric CHCl&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; under these conditions. Although we cannot
entirely rule out other local land or coastal sources, our observations also
suggest peatland ecosystem emissions of CHBr&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;. We use correlations
between CHCl&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; and CHBr&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; during the north-easterly land breeze
events in conjunction with previous estimates of local wetland CHCl&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;
release to tentatively deduce a global wetland CHBr&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; source of 20.4(0.4-948)
Gg yr&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;, which is approximately 7% of the total global
source.</p>
</abstract>
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