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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ACP</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ACP</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1680-7324</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus GmbH</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/acp-5-1459-2005</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Systematic errors in global air-sea CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; flux caused by temporal averaging of sea-level pressure</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Kettle</surname>
<given-names>H.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Merchant</surname>
<given-names>C. J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Rd, Edinburgh EH9 3JN, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>15</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>5</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<fpage>1459</fpage>
<lpage>1466</lpage>
<permissions>
<license xlink:type="simple">
<license-p>This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
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<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/5/1459/2005/acp-5-1459-2005.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/5/1459/2005/acp-5-1459-2005.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Long-term temporal averaging of meteorological data, such as wind speed and
air pressure, can cause large errors in air-sea carbon flux estimates. Other
researchers have already shown that time averaging of wind speed data creates
large errors in flux due to the non-linear dependence of the gas transfer
velocity on wind speed (Bates and Merlivat, 2001). However, in general, wind
speed is negatively correlated with air pressure, and a given fractional
change in the pressure of dry air produces an equivalent fractional change in
the atmospheric partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO&lt;sub&gt;2air&lt;/sub&gt;). Thus
low pressure systems cause a drop in pCO&lt;sub&gt;2air&lt;/sub&gt;, which together with
the associated high winds, promotes outgassing/reduces uptake of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; from
the ocean. Here we quantify the errors in global carbon flux estimates caused
by using monthly or climatological pressure data to calculate
pCO&lt;sub&gt;2air&lt;/sub&gt; (and thus ignoring the covariance of wind and pressure)
over the period 1990-1999, using two common parameterisations for gas
transfer velocity. Results show that on average, compared with estimates made
using 6 hourly pressure data, the global oceanic sink is systematically
overestimated by 7% (W92) and 10% (WM99) when monthly mean pressure is
used, and 9% (W92) and 12% (WM99) when climatological pressure is used.</p>
</abstract>
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