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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ACP</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ACP</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1680-7324</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus GmbH</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/acp-5-1399-2005</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Evolution of stratospheric ozone during winter 2002/2003 as observed by a ground-based millimetre wave radiometer at Kiruna, Sweden</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Raffalski</surname>
<given-names>U.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Hochschild</surname>
<given-names>G.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Kopp</surname>
<given-names>G.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Urban</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe and Universität Karlsruhe, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Observatoire Aquitain des Sciences de l’Univers, L3AB, Floirac, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>now at: Radio and Space Science Department, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>10</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>5</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>1399</fpage>
<lpage>1407</lpage>
<permissions>
<license xlink:type="simple">
<license-p>This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/5/1399/2005/acp-5-1399-2005.html">This article is available from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/5/1399/2005/acp-5-1399-2005.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/5/1399/2005/acp-5-1399-2005.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/5/1399/2005/acp-5-1399-2005.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>We present ozone measurements from the millimetre wave radiometer
  installed at the Swedish Institute of Space Physics (Institutet
  f&amp;#246;r rymdfysik, IRF) in Kiruna (67.8&amp;deg; N, 20.4&amp;deg; E,
  420&amp;nbsp;m asl).  Nearly continuous operation in the winter of
  2002/2003 allows us to give an overview of ozone evolution in the
  stratosphere between 15 and 55&amp;nbsp;km.

&lt;P  style=&quot;line-height: 20px;&quot;&gt;
In this study we present a detailed analysis of the Arctic winter
  2002/2003. By means of a methodology using equivalent latitudes we
  investigate the meteorological processes in the stratosphere during
  the entire winter/spring period. During the course of the winter
  strong mixing into the vortex took place in the middle and upper
  stratosphere as a result of three minor and one major warming event,
  but no evidence was found for significant mixing in the lower
  stratosphere.

&lt;P  style=&quot;line-height: 20px;&quot;&gt;
Ozone depletion in the lower stratosphere during this winter was
  estimated by measurements on those days when Kiruna was well inside
  the Arctic polar vortex. The days were carefully chosen using a
  definition of the vortex edge based on equivalent latitudes. At the
  475&amp;nbsp;K isentropic level a cumulative ozone loss of about
  0.5&amp;nbsp;ppmv was found starting in January and lasting until
  mid-March. The early ozone loss is probably a result of the very
  cold temperatures in the lower stratosphere in December and the
  geographical extension of the vortex to lower latitudes where solar
  irradiation started photochemical ozone loss in the pre-processed
  air.

&lt;P  style=&quot;line-height: 20px;&quot;&gt;
In order to correct for dynamic effects of the ozone variation due
  to diabatic subsidence of air masses inside the vortex, we used
  N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O measurements from the Odin satellite for the same time
  period. The derived ozone loss in the lower stratosphere between
  mid-December and mid-March varies between 1.1&amp;plusmn;0.1 ppmv
  on the 150&amp;nbsp;ppbv N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O isopleth and 1.7&amp;plusmn;0.1&amp;nbsp;ppmv
  on the 50&amp;nbsp;ppbv N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O isopleth.</p>
</abstract>
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