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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ACP</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ACP</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1680-7324</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus GmbH</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/acp-4-1365-2004</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Model calculations of the age of firn air across the Antarctic continent</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Kaspers</surname>
<given-names>K. A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>van de Wal</surname>
<given-names>R. S. W.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>van den Broeke</surname>
<given-names>M. R.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Schwander</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>van Lipzig</surname>
<given-names>N. P. M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Brenninkmeijer</surname>
<given-names>C. A. M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Inst. for Marine and Atmospheric research Utrecht, Utrecht Univ., Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Physics Institute, University of Bern, Switzerland</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>24</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>4</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>1365</fpage>
<lpage>1380</lpage>
<permissions>
<license xlink:type="simple">
<license-p>This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/4/1365/2004/acp-4-1365-2004.html">This article is available from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/4/1365/2004/acp-4-1365-2004.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/4/1365/2004/acp-4-1365-2004.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/4/1365/2004/acp-4-1365-2004.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>The age of firn air in Antarctica at pore close-off depth is only known for
a few specific sites where firn air has been sampled for analyses. We
present a model that calculates the age of firn air at pore close-off depth
for the entire Antarctic continent. The model basically uses four
meteorological parameters as input (surface temperature, pressure,
accumulation rate and wind speed). Using parameterisations for surface snow
density, pore close-off density and tortuosity, in combination with a
density-depth model and data of a regional atmospheric climate model,
distribution of pore close-off depth for the entire Antarctic continent is
determined. The deepest pore close-off depth was found for the East
Antarctic Plateau near 72&amp;deg; E, 82&amp;deg; S, at 150&amp;plusmn;15 m
(2&amp;sigma;). A firn air diffusion model was applied to calculate the age of
CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; at pore close-off depth. The results predict that the oldest firn
gas (CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; age) is located between Dome Fuji, Dome Argos and Vostok at
43&amp;deg; E, 78&amp;deg; S being 148&amp;plusmn;23 (1&amp;sigma; or 38 for
2&amp;sigma;) years old. At this location an atmospheric trace gas record
should be obtained. In this study we show that methyl chloride could be
recorded with a predicted length of 125 years as an example for trace gas
records at this location. The longest record currently available from firn
air is derived at South Pole, being 80 years.

&lt;P  style=&quot;line-height: 20px;&quot;&gt;
Sensitivity tests reveal that the locations with old firn air (East
Antarctic Plateau) have an estimated uncertainty (2&amp;sigma;) for the
modelled CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; age at pore close-off depth of 30% and of about 40%
for locations with younger firn air (CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; age typically 40 years).
Comparing the modelled age of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; at pore close-off depth with directly
determined ages at seven sites yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.90 and
a slope close to 1, suggesting a high level of confidence for the modelled
results in spite of considerable remaining uncertainties.</p>
</abstract>
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