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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ACP</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ACP</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1680-7324</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus GmbH</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/acp-3-335-2003</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Fluxes of nitrates between snow surfaces and the atmosphere in the European high Arctic</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Beine</surname>
<given-names>H. J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Dominè</surname>
<given-names>F.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Ianniello</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Nardino</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Allegrini</surname>
<given-names>I.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Teinilä</surname>
<given-names>K.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Hillamo</surname>
<given-names>R.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>C.N.R. – IIA, Roma, Italy</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>CNRS – LGGE, Grenoble, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>C.N.R. – ISAC, Bologna, Italy</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>FMI – Air Quality Research, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>27</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2003</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>3</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>335</fpage>
<lpage>346</lpage>
<permissions>
<license xlink:type="simple">
<license-p>This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/3/335/2003/acp-3-335-2003.html">This article is available from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/3/335/2003/acp-3-335-2003.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/3/335/2003/acp-3-335-2003.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/3/335/2003/acp-3-335-2003.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Measurements of atmospheric and snow mixing ratios of nitrates and nitrites and their fluxes
      above the snow surface were made during two intensive campaigns during spring time 2001 at
      Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard as part of the EU project&amp;nbsp; &amp;quot;`The NItrogen Cycle and Effects on the oxidation of
      atmospheric trace species at high latitudes&quot; (NICE).&lt;br&gt;
      &lt;br&gt;
      At this coastal site close to the unseasonably unfrozen fjord, of the measured nitrogen species, only
      HNO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; showed a significant flux on to the snow surface; a mean deposition of
      -8.7 nmol h&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; was observed in late April / early May 2001. These fluxes may be due to the reaction of
      HNO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; with sea salt, and especially NaCl, or may be simply uptake of
      HNO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; by ice, which is alkaline because of the sea salt in our marine
      environment.  During snowfall periods dry deposition of HNO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; may contribute up to
      10% of the N budget in the snow;  however, the main source for N is wet deposition in falling snow.&lt;br&gt;
      &lt;br&gt;
      The surface snow at Ny-Ålesund showed very complex stratigraphy;  the NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt; mixing ratio in snow varied
      between 65 and 520 ng g&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;, the total NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt; content of the snowpack was on the order of
      2700 ng cm&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt;.  In comparison the atmospheric boundary layer column showed a
      NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt; content of only 8 ng cm&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt;.  The limited
      exchange, however, between the snow and the atmosphere was attributed to low mobility of
      NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt; in the observed snow.&lt;br&gt;
      &lt;br&gt;
      Contrary to other Arctic sites (i.e. Alert, Nunavut or Summit, Greenland) deposition of sea salt and crustal
      aerosols in this marine environment made the surface snow alkaline; snow
      NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt; was associated with heavier cations and was not readily available for physical exchange or photochemical reactions.</p>
</abstract>
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