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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ACP</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ACP</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1680-7324</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus GmbH</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/acp-3-2083-2003</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Operational mapping of atmospheric nitrogen deposition to the Baltic Sea</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Hertel</surname>
<given-names>O.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Ambelas Skjøth</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Brandt</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Christensen</surname>
<given-names>J. H.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Frohn</surname>
<given-names>L. M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Frydendall</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>National Environmental Research Institute, Department of Atmospheric Environment, P.O. Box 358, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>28</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2003</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>3</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<fpage>2083</fpage>
<lpage>2099</lpage>
<permissions>
<license xlink:type="simple">
<license-p>This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/3/2083/2003/acp-3-2083-2003.html">This article is available from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/3/2083/2003/acp-3-2083-2003.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/3/2083/2003/acp-3-2083-2003.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/3/2083/2003/acp-3-2083-2003.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>A new model system for mapping and forecasting nitrogen deposition to the Baltic Sea has
      been developed. The system is based on the Lagrangian variable scale transport-chemistry
      model ACDEP (Atmospheric Chemistry and Deposition model), and aims at delivering
      deposition estimates to be used as input to marine ecosystem models. The system is tested by
      comparison of model results to measurements from monitoring stations around the Baltic Sea.
      The comparison shows that observed annual mean ambient air concentrations and wet
      depositions are well reproduced by the model. Diurnal mean concentrations of
      NH&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; (sum of NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; and NH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;) and
      NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; are fairly well reproduced, whereas concentrations of total nitrate
      (sum of HNO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; and NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt;) are somewhat overestimated. Wet depositions of nitrate and
      ammonia are fairly well described for annual mean values, whereas the discrepancy is high
      for the monthly mean values and the wet depositions are rather poorly described concerning
      the diurnal mean values. The model calculations show that the annual atmospheric nitrogen
      deposition has a pronounced south--north gradient with depositions in the range about
      1.0 T N km&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; in the south and 0.2 T N km&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; in the north. The results show that in
      1999 the maximum diurnal mean deposition to the Danish waters appeared during the summer in
      the algae growth season. For the northern parts of the Baltic the highest depositions were
      distributed over most of the year. Total deposition to the Baltic Sea was for the year 1999
      estimated to 318 kT N for an area of 464 406 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; equivalent to an average deposition of
      684 kg N/km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;.</p>
</abstract>
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