Articles | Volume 16, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-3761-2016
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-3761-2016
Research article
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22 Mar 2016
Research article | Highlight paper |  | 22 Mar 2016

Ice melt, sea level rise and superstorms: evidence from paleoclimate data, climate modeling, and modern observations that 2 °C global warming could be dangerous

James Hansen, Makiko Sato, Paul Hearty, Reto Ruedy, Maxwell Kelley, Valerie Masson-Delmotte, Gary Russell, George Tselioudis, Junji Cao, Eric Rignot, Isabella Velicogna, Blair Tormey, Bailey Donovan, Evgeniya Kandiano, Karina von Schuckmann, Pushker Kharecha, Allegra N. Legrande, Michael Bauer, and Kwok-Wai Lo

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Status: closed
Status: closed
AC: Author comment | RC: Referee comment | SC: Short comment | EC: Editor comment
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Peer-review completion

AR: Author's response | RR: Referee report | ED: Editor decision
AR by James Hansen on behalf of the Authors (10 Nov 2015)  Author's response
ED: Referee Nomination & Report Request started (11 Nov 2015) by Frank Dentener
RR by David Archer (23 Nov 2015)
RR by Frank Raes (01 Dec 2015)
RR by Peter Thorne (06 Dec 2015)
RR by Anonymous Referee #4 (09 Dec 2015)
ED: Reconsider after major revisions (16 Dec 2015) by Frank Dentener
AR by James Hansen on behalf of the Authors (05 Feb 2016)  Author's response    Manuscript
ED: Reconsider after minor revisions (Editor review) (16 Feb 2016) by Frank Dentener
AR by James Hansen on behalf of the Authors (17 Feb 2016)  Author's response    Manuscript
ED: Publish as is (18 Feb 2016) by Frank Dentener
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Short summary
We use climate simulations, paleoclimate data and modern observations to infer that continued high fossil fuel emissions will yield cooling of Southern Ocean and North Atlantic surfaces, slowdown and shutdown of SMOC & AMOC, increasingly powerful storms and nonlinear sea level rise reaching several meters in 50–150 years, effects missed in IPCC reports because of omission of ice sheet melt and an insensitivity of most climate models, likely due to excessive ocean mixing.
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