Articles | Volume 13, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-5033-2013
© Author(s) 2013. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-5033-2013
© Author(s) 2013. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
15 May 2013
Research article |
| 15 May 2013
Stratospheric ozone interannual variability (1995–2011) as observed by lidar and satellite at Mauna Loa Observatory, HI and Table Mountain Facility, CA
G. Kirgis
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Table Mountain Facility, Wrightwood, California, USA
T. Leblanc
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Table Mountain Facility, Wrightwood, California, USA
I. S. McDermid
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Table Mountain Facility, Wrightwood, California, USA
T. D. Walsh
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Table Mountain Facility, Wrightwood, California, USA
Related authors
No articles found.
Luis F. Millán, Peter Hoor, Michaela I. Hegglin, Gloria L. Manney, Harald Boenisch, Paul Jeffery, Daniel Kunkel, Irina Petropavlovskikh, Hao Ye, Thierry Leblanc, and Kaley Walker
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-144, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-144, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
As part of the Observed Composition Trends And Variability in the UTLS (OCTAV-UTLS) SPARC activity, we have mapped multi-platform ozone datasets into different coordinate systems to systematically evaluate the influence of these coordinates on binned climatological variability. This effort unifies the previously disparate work of numerous studies that focused on individual coordinate system variability. Our goal was to create the most comprehensive assessment of this topic.
Arno Keppens, Serena Di Pede, Daan Hubert, Jean-Christopher Lambert, Pepijn Veefkind, Maarten Sneep, Johan De Haan, Mark ter Linden, Thierry Leblanc, Steven Compernolle, Tijl Verhoelst, José Granville, Oindrila Nath, Ann Mari Fjaeraa, Ian Boyd, Sander Niemeijer, Roeland Van Malderen, Herman G. J. Smit, Valentin Duflot, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Bryan J. Johnson, Wolfgang Steinbrecht, David W. Tarasick, Debra E. Kollonige, Ryan M. Stauffer, Anne M. Thompson, Angelika Dehn, and Claus Zehner
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2023-264, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2023-264, 2024
Revised manuscript under review for AMT
Short summary
Short summary
The Sentinel-5P satellite operated by the European Space Agency carries the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) around the Earth since October 2017. This mission also produces vertical ozone profile data, which is described in detail for the period May 2018 to April 2023. Independent validation using ground-based reference measurements demonstrates that the operational ozone profile product mostly fully and at least partially complies with all mission requirements.
Matthew S. Johnson, Alexei Rozanov, Mark Weber, Nora Mettig, John Sullivan, Michael J. Newchurch, Shi Kuang, Thierry Leblanc, Fernando Chouza, Timothy A. Berkoff, Guillaume Gronoff, Kevin B. Strawbridge, Raul J. Alvarez, Andrew O. Langford, Christoph J. Senff, Guillaume Kirgis, Brandi McCarty, and Larry Twigg
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2023-195, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2023-195, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT
Short summary
Short summary
Monitoring tropospheric ozone (O3), a harmful pollutant negatively impacting human health, is primarily done using ground-based measurements and ozonesondes. However, these observation types lack the coverage to fully understand tropospheric O3. Satellites can retrieve tropospheric ozone with near daily global coverage; however, are known to have biases and errors. This study uses ground-based lidars to validate multiple satellite’s ability to observe tropospheric O3.
Luis F. Millán, Gloria L. Manney, Harald Boenisch, Michaela I. Hegglin, Peter Hoor, Daniel Kunkel, Thierry Leblanc, Irina Petropavlovskikh, Kaley Walker, Krzysztof Wargan, and Andreas Zahn
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 2957–2988, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2957-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2957-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The determination of atmospheric composition trends in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) is still highly uncertain. We present the creation of dynamical diagnostics to map several ozone datasets (ozonesondes, lidars, aircraft, and satellite measurements) in geophysically based coordinate systems. The diagnostics can also be used to analyze other greenhouse gases relevant to surface climate and UTLS chemistry.
Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Niramson Azouz, Viktoria F. Sofieva, Daan Hubert, Irina Petropavlovskikh, Peter Effertz, Gérard Ancellet, Doug A. Degenstein, Daniel Zawada, Lucien Froidevaux, Stacey Frith, Jeannette Wild, Sean Davis, Wolfgang Steinbrecht, Thierry Leblanc, Richard Querel, Kleareti Tourpali, Robert Damadeo, Eliane Maillard Barras, René Stübi, Corinne Vigouroux, Carlo Arosio, Gerald Nedoluha, Ian Boyd, Roeland Van Malderen, Emmanuel Mahieu, Dan Smale, and Ralf Sussmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11657–11673, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11657-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11657-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
An updated evaluation up to 2020 of stratospheric ozone profile long-term trends at extrapolar latitudes based on satellite and ground-based records is presented. Ozone increase in the upper stratosphere is confirmed, with significant trends at most latitudes. In this altitude region, a very good agreement is found with trends derived from chemistry–climate model simulations. Observed and modelled trends diverge in the lower stratosphere, but the differences are non-significant.
Fernando Chouza, Thierry Leblanc, Mark Brewer, Patrick Wang, Giovanni Martucci, Alexander Haefele, Hélène Vérèmes, Valentin Duflot, Guillaume Payen, and Philippe Keckhut
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 4241–4256, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4241-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4241-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The comparison of water vapor lidar measurements with co-located radiosondes and aerosol backscatter profiles indicates that laser-induced aerosol fluorescence in smoke layers injected into the stratosphere can introduce very large and chronic wet biases above 15 km, thus impacting the ability of these systems to accurately estimate long-term water vapor trends. The proposed correction method presented in this work is able to reduce this fluorescence-induced bias from 75 % to under 5 %.
Nora Mettig, Mark Weber, Alexei Rozanov, John P. Burrows, Pepijn Veefkind, Anne M. Thompson, Ryan M. Stauffer, Thierry Leblanc, Gerard Ancellet, Michael J. Newchurch, Shi Kuang, Rigel Kivi, Matthew B. Tully, Roeland Van Malderen, Ankie Piters, Bogumil Kois, René Stübi, and Pavla Skrivankova
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 2955–2978, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-2955-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-2955-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Vertical ozone profiles from combined spectral measurements in the UV and IR spectral ranges were retrieved by using data from TROPOMI/S5P and CrIS/Suomi-NPP. The vertical resolution and accuracy of the ozone profiles are improved by combining both wavelength ranges compared to retrievals limited to UV or IR spectral data only. The advancement of our TOPAS algorithm for combined measurements is required because in the UV-only retrieval the vertical resolution in the troposphere is very limited.
Nora Mettig, Mark Weber, Alexei Rozanov, Carlo Arosio, John P. Burrows, Pepijn Veefkind, Anne M. Thompson, Richard Querel, Thierry Leblanc, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Rigel Kivi, and Matthew B. Tully
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 6057–6082, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-6057-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-6057-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
TROPOMI is a nadir-viewing satellite that has observed global atmospheric trace gases at unprecedented spatial resolution since 2017. The retrieval of ozone profiles with high accuracy has been demonstrated using the TOPAS (Tikhonov regularised Ozone Profile retrievAl with SCIATRAN) algorithm and applying appropriate spectral corrections to TROPOMI UV data. Ozone profiles from TROPOMI were compared to ozonesonde and lidar profiles, showing an agreement to within 5 % in the stratosphere.
Fernando Chouza, Thierry Leblanc, Mark Brewer, Patrick Wang, Sabino Piazzolla, Gabriele Pfister, Rajesh Kumar, Carl Drews, Simone Tilmes, Louisa Emmons, and Matthew Johnson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6129–6153, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6129-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6129-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The tropospheric ozone lidar at the JPL Table Mountain Facility (TMF) was used to investigate the impact of Los Angeles (LA) Basin pollution transport and stratospheric intrusions in the planetary boundary layer on the San Gabriel Mountains. The results of this study indicate a dominant role of the LA Basin pollution on days when high ozone levels were observed at TMF (March–October period).
Graeme Marlton, Andrew Charlton-Perez, Giles Harrison, Inna Polichtchouk, Alain Hauchecorne, Philippe Keckhut, Robin Wing, Thierry Leblanc, and Wolfgang Steinbrecht
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6079–6092, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6079-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6079-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A network of Rayleigh lidars have been used to infer the upper-stratosphere temperature bias in ECMWF ERA-5 and ERA-Interim reanalyses during 1990–2017. Results show that ERA-Interim exhibits a cold bias of −3 to −4 K between 10 and 1 hPa. Comparisons with ERA-5 found a smaller bias of 1 K which varies between cold and warm between 10 and 3 hPa, indicating a good thermal representation of the atmosphere to 3 hPa. These biases must be accounted for in stratospheric studies using these reanalyses.
Shi Kuang, Bo Wang, Michael J. Newchurch, Kevin Knupp, Paula Tucker, Edwin W. Eloranta, Joseph P. Garcia, Ilya Razenkov, John T. Sullivan, Timothy A. Berkoff, Guillaume Gronoff, Liqiao Lei, Christoph J. Senff, Andrew O. Langford, Thierry Leblanc, and Vijay Natraj
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 5277–5292, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-5277-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-5277-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Ozone lidar is a state-of-the-art remote-sensing instrument to measure atmospheric ozone concentrations with high spatiotemporal resolution. In this study, we show that an ozone lidar can also provide reliable aerosol measurements through intercomparison with colocated aerosol lidar observations.
Ruud J. Dirksen, Greg E. Bodeker, Peter W. Thorne, Andrea Merlone, Tony Reale, Junhong Wang, Dale F. Hurst, Belay B. Demoz, Tom D. Gardiner, Bruce Ingleby, Michael Sommer, Christoph von Rohden, and Thierry Leblanc
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 9, 337–355, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-9-337-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-9-337-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This paper describes GRUAN's strategy for a network-wide change of the operational radiosonde from Vaisala RS92 to RS41. GRUAN's main goal is to provide long-term data records that are free of inhomogeneities due to instrumental effects, which requires proper change management. The approach is to fully characterize differences between the two radiosonde types using laboratory tests, twin soundings, and ancillary data, as well as by drawing from the various fields of expertise available in GRUAN.
Travis N. Knepp, Larry Thomason, Marilee Roell, Robert Damadeo, Kevin Leavor, Thierry Leblanc, Fernando Chouza, Sergey Khaykin, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, and David Flittner
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 4261–4276, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-4261-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-4261-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Two common measurements that represent atmospheric aerosol loading are the backscatter and extinction coefficients. Measuring backscatter and extinction coefficients requires different viewing geometries and fundamentally different instrument systems. Further, these coefficients are not directly comparable. We present an algorithm to convert SAGE-observed extinction coefficients to backscatter coefficients for intercomparison with lidar backscatter products, followed by evaluation of the method.
Fernando Chouza, Thierry Leblanc, John Barnes, Mark Brewer, Patrick Wang, and Darryl Koon
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 6821–6839, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-6821-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-6821-2020, 2020
Fernando Chouza, Thierry Leblanc, Mark Brewer, and Patrick Wang
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 569–583, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-569-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-569-2019, 2019
Kevin B. Strawbridge, Michael S. Travis, Bernard J. Firanski, Jeffrey R. Brook, Ralf Staebler, and Thierry Leblanc
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 6735–6759, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-6735-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-6735-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Environment and Climate Change Canada has recently developed a fully autonomous, mobile lidar system to simultaneously measure the vertical profile of tropospheric ozone, aerosol and water vapor from near the ground to altitudes reaching 10–15 km. These atmospheric constituents play an important role in climate, air quality, and human and ecosystem health. Using an autonomous multi-lidar approach provides a continuous dataset rich in information for atmospheric process studies.
Thierry Leblanc, Mark A. Brewer, Patrick S. Wang, Maria Jose Granados-Muñoz, Kevin B. Strawbridge, Michael Travis, Bernard Firanski, John T. Sullivan, Thomas J. McGee, Grant K. Sumnicht, Laurence W. Twigg, Timothy A. Berkoff, William Carrion, Guillaume Gronoff, Ali Aknan, Gao Chen, Raul J. Alvarez, Andrew O. Langford, Christoph J. Senff, Guillaume Kirgis, Matthew S. Johnson, Shi Kuang, and Michael J. Newchurch
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 6137–6162, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-6137-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-6137-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This article reviews the capability of five ozone lidars from the North American TOLNet lidar network. These ground-based laser remote-sensing instruments typically measure ozone in the troposphere with a precision of 5 % and vertical and time resolutions of 100 m and 10 min, respectively. Understanding ozone variability at high spatiotemporal scales is essential for monitoring air quality, human health, and climate. The article shows that the TOLNet lidars are very well suited for this purpose.
Matthew S. Johnson, Xiong Liu, Peter Zoogman, John Sullivan, Michael J. Newchurch, Shi Kuang, Thierry Leblanc, and Thomas McGee
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 3457–3477, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-3457-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-3457-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This research was conducted to determine the impact of multiple a priori ozone (O3) profile products on Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO) satellite retrievals. It was determined that non-climatological model predictions, in particular those from a chemical transport model, when applied as the a priori profile improved the accuracy of TEMPO tropospheric O3 retrievals in comparison to the TB-Clim product that is currently suggested for use in the TEMPO retrieval algorithm.
Martine De Mazière, Anne M. Thompson, Michael J. Kurylo, Jeannette D. Wild, Germar Bernhard, Thomas Blumenstock, Geir O. Braathen, James W. Hannigan, Jean-Christopher Lambert, Thierry Leblanc, Thomas J. McGee, Gerald Nedoluha, Irina Petropavlovskikh, Gunther Seckmeyer, Paul C. Simon, Wolfgang Steinbrecht, and Susan E. Strahan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 4935–4964, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-4935-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-4935-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This paper serves as an introduction to the special issue "Twenty-five years of operations of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC)". It describes the origins of the network, its actual status, and some perspectives for its future evolution in the context of atmospheric sciences.
Nelson Bègue, Nkanyiso Mbatha, Hassan Bencherif, René Tato Loua, Venkataraman Sivakumar, and Thierry Leblanc
Ann. Geophys., 35, 1177–1194, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-35-1177-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-35-1177-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
In this investigation a statistical analysis of the characteristics of mesospheric inversion layers (MILs) over tropical regions is presented. This study involves the analysis of 16 years of lidar observations recorded at Reunion (20.8° S, 55.5° E) and 21 years of lidar observations recorded at Mauna Loa (19.5° N, 155.6° W) together with SABER observations at these two locations. Results presented in this study confirm that SAO contributes to the formation of MILs over the tropical region.
Lihua Wang, Michael J. Newchurch, Raul J. Alvarez II, Timothy A. Berkoff, Steven S. Brown, William Carrion, Russell J. De Young, Bryan J. Johnson, Rene Ganoe, Guillaume Gronoff, Guillaume Kirgis, Shi Kuang, Andrew O. Langford, Thierry Leblanc, Erin E. McDuffie, Thomas J. McGee, Denis Pliutau, Christoph J. Senff, John T. Sullivan, Grant Sumnicht, Laurence W. Twigg, and Andrew J. Weinheimer
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 3865–3876, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-3865-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-3865-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Intercomparisons have been made between three TOLNet ozone lidars and between the lidars and other ozone instruments during the 2014 DISCOVER-AQ and FRAPPÉ campaigns in Colorado. Overall, the TOLNet lidars are capable of measuring 5 min tropospheric ozone variations with accuracy better than ±15 % in terms of their vertical resolving capability and better than ±5 % in terms of their column average measurement. These results indicate very good measurement accuracy for the three TOLNet lidars.
Wolfgang Steinbrecht, Lucien Froidevaux, Ryan Fuller, Ray Wang, John Anderson, Chris Roth, Adam Bourassa, Doug Degenstein, Robert Damadeo, Joe Zawodny, Stacey Frith, Richard McPeters, Pawan Bhartia, Jeannette Wild, Craig Long, Sean Davis, Karen Rosenlof, Viktoria Sofieva, Kaley Walker, Nabiz Rahpoe, Alexei Rozanov, Mark Weber, Alexandra Laeng, Thomas von Clarmann, Gabriele Stiller, Natalya Kramarova, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Thierry Leblanc, Richard Querel, Daan Swart, Ian Boyd, Klemens Hocke, Niklaus Kämpfer, Eliane Maillard Barras, Lorena Moreira, Gerald Nedoluha, Corinne Vigouroux, Thomas Blumenstock, Matthias Schneider, Omaira García, Nicholas Jones, Emmanuel Mahieu, Dan Smale, Michael Kotkamp, John Robinson, Irina Petropavlovskikh, Neil Harris, Birgit Hassler, Daan Hubert, and Fiona Tummon
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 10675–10690, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-10675-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-10675-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Thanks to the 1987 Montreal Protocol and its amendments, ozone-depleting chlorine (and bromine) in the stratosphere has declined slowly since the late 1990s. Improved and extended long-term ozone profile observations from satellites and ground-based stations confirm that ozone is responding as expected and has increased by about 2 % per decade since 2000 in the upper stratosphere, around 40 km altitude. At lower altitudes, however, ozone has not changed significantly since 2000.
Guanyu Huang, Xiong Liu, Kelly Chance, Kai Yang, Pawan K. Bhartia, Zhaonan Cai, Marc Allaart, Gérard Ancellet, Bertrand Calpini, Gerrie J. R. Coetzee, Emilio Cuevas-Agulló, Manuel Cupeiro, Hugo De Backer, Manvendra K. Dubey, Henry E. Fuelberg, Masatomo Fujiwara, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Tristan J. Hall, Bryan Johnson, Everette Joseph, Rigel Kivi, Bogumil Kois, Ninong Komala, Gert König-Langlo, Giovanni Laneve, Thierry Leblanc, Marion Marchand, Kenneth R. Minschwaner, Gary Morris, Michael J. Newchurch, Shin-Ya Ogino, Nozomu Ohkawara, Ankie J. M. Piters, Françoise Posny, Richard Querel, Rinus Scheele, Frank J. Schmidlin, Russell C. Schnell, Otto Schrems, Henry Selkirk, Masato Shiotani, Pavla Skrivánková, René Stübi, Ghassan Taha, David W. Tarasick, Anne M. Thompson, Valérie Thouret, Matthew B. Tully, Roeland Van Malderen, Holger Vömel, Peter von der Gathen, Jacquelyn C. Witte, and Margarita Yela
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 2455–2475, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-2455-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-2455-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
It is essential to understand the data quality of +10-year OMI ozone product and impacts of the “row anomaly” (RA). We validate the OMI Ozone Profile (PROFOZ) product from Oct 2004 to Dec 2014 against ozonesonde observations globally. Generally, OMI has good agreement with ozonesondes. The spatiotemporal variation of retrieval performance suggests the need to improve OMI’s radiometric calibration especially during the post-RA period to maintain the long-term stability.
Thierry Leblanc, Robert J. Sica, Joanna A. E. van Gijsel, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Alexander Haefele, Thomas Trickl, Guillaume Payen, and Frank Gabarrot
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 4029–4049, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-4029-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-4029-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This article prescribes two standardized formulations for the reporting of vertical resolution of lidar ozone and temperature profiles across an entire atmospheric observation network. Thanks to these standardized definitions, profiles from various instruments and techniques can be compared without ambiguity when interpreting their ability to resolve vertically fine geophysical structures.
Thierry Leblanc, Robert J. Sica, Joanna A. E. van Gijsel, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Alexander Haefele, Thomas Trickl, Guillaume Payen, and Gianluigi Liberti
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 4051–4078, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-4051-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-4051-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This article proposes a standardized approach for the treatment of uncertainty in the ozone differential absorption lidar data processing algorithms. The recommendations are designed to be used homogeneously across large atmospheric observation networks such as NDACC, and allow a clear understanding of the uncertainty budget of multiple lidar datasets for a large spectrum of ozone-related science applications (e.g., climatology, long-term trends, air quality).
Thierry Leblanc, Robert J. Sica, Joanna A. E. van Gijsel, Alexander Haefele, Guillaume Payen, and Gianluigi Liberti
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 4079–4101, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-4079-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-4079-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This article prescribes a standardized approach for the treatment of uncertainty in the backscatter temperature lidar data processing algorithms. The recommendations are designed to be used homogeneously across large atmospheric observation networks such as NDACC, and allow a clear understanding of the uncertainty budget of multiple lidar datasets for a large spectrum of middle atmospheric science applications (e.g., climatology, long-term trends, mesospheric tides, satellite validation).
Maria Jose Granados-Muñoz and Thierry Leblanc
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 9299–9319, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-9299-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-9299-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Tropospheric ozone DIAL measurements between 2000 and 2015 and surface ozone data from 2013 to 2015 measured at JPL Table Mountain Facility are presented for the first time. Tropospheric ozone variability and trends in the southwestern USA are analyzed observing an increasing ozone trend in the upper troposphere. The influence of the origin of air masses arriving at JPL-TMF and tropopause folds above the site on ozone vertical structure and variability are also observed.
Daan Hubert, Jean-Christopher Lambert, Tijl Verhoelst, José Granville, Arno Keppens, Jean-Luc Baray, Adam E. Bourassa, Ugo Cortesi, Doug A. Degenstein, Lucien Froidevaux, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Karl W. Hoppel, Bryan J. Johnson, Erkki Kyrölä, Thierry Leblanc, Günter Lichtenberg, Marion Marchand, C. Thomas McElroy, Donal Murtagh, Hideaki Nakane, Thierry Portafaix, Richard Querel, James M. Russell III, Jacobo Salvador, Herman G. J. Smit, Kerstin Stebel, Wolfgang Steinbrecht, Kevin B. Strawbridge, René Stübi, Daan P. J. Swart, Ghassan Taha, David W. Tarasick, Anne M. Thompson, Joachim Urban, Joanna A. E. van Gijsel, Roeland Van Malderen, Peter von der Gathen, Kaley A. Walker, Elian Wolfram, and Joseph M. Zawodny
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 2497–2534, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2497-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2497-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
A more detailed understanding of satellite O3 profile data records is vital for further progress in O3 research. To this end, we made a comprehensive assessment of 14 limb/occultation profilers using ground-based reference data. The mutual consistency of satellite O3 in terms of bias, short-term variability and decadal stability is generally good over most of the stratosphere. However, we identified some exceptions that impact the quality of recently merged data sets and ozone trend assessments.
J. T. Sullivan, T. J. McGee, T. Leblanc, G. K. Sumnicht, and L. W. Twigg
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 4133–4143, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-4133-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-4133-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This paper addresses the validation procedures for the GSFC TROPOZ DIAL retrieval algorithm and develops a primary standard for retrieval consistency and optimization within the Tropospheric Ozone Lidar Network (TOLNet). The methodology presented may be extended to most DIAL instruments, even if the atmospheric product of interest is not tropospheric ozone. The TROPOZ retrieval has been effective in retrieving ozone nearly 200m lower to the surface and has reduced the mean profile bias by 3.5%.
N. R. P. Harris, B. Hassler, F. Tummon, G. E. Bodeker, D. Hubert, I. Petropavlovskikh, W. Steinbrecht, J. Anderson, P. K. Bhartia, C. D. Boone, A. Bourassa, S. M. Davis, D. Degenstein, A. Delcloo, S. M. Frith, L. Froidevaux, S. Godin-Beekmann, N. Jones, M. J. Kurylo, E. Kyrölä, M. Laine, S. T. Leblanc, J.-C. Lambert, B. Liley, E. Mahieu, A. Maycock, M. de Mazière, A. Parrish, R. Querel, K. H. Rosenlof, C. Roth, C. Sioris, J. Staehelin, R. S. Stolarski, R. Stübi, J. Tamminen, C. Vigouroux, K. A. Walker, H. J. Wang, J. Wild, and J. M. Zawodny
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 9965–9982, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9965-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9965-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Trends in the vertical distribution of ozone are reported for new and recently revised data sets. The amount of ozone-depleting compounds in the stratosphere peaked in the second half of the 1990s. We examine the trends before and after that peak to see if any change in trend is discernible. The previously reported decreases are confirmed. Furthermore, the downward trend in upper stratospheric ozone has not continued. The possible significance of any increase is discussed in detail.
J. A. E. van Gijsel, R. Zurita-Milla, P. Stammes, S. Godin-Beekmann, T. Leblanc, M. Marchand, I. S. McDermid, K. Stebel, W. Steinbrecht, and D. P. J. Swart
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 1951–1963, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-1951-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-1951-2015, 2015
M. García-Comas, B. Funke, A. Gardini, M. López-Puertas, A. Jurado-Navarro, T. von Clarmann, G. Stiller, M. Kiefer, C. D. Boone, T. Leblanc, B. T. Marshall, M. J. Schwartz, and P. E. Sheese
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 3633–3651, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-3633-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-3633-2014, 2014
Short summary
Short summary
We present the new vM21 MIPAS temperatures from 20 to 102km for all of its 2005-2012 MA, UA and NLC measurements. The main upgrades are the update of ESA L1b spectra, spectroscopic database and O and CO2 climatologies, and improvement in Tk-gradient and offset regularizations and apodization accuracy. The vM21 Tk's correct the main systematic errors of previous versions and lead to remarkable improvement in their comparisons with ACE-FTS, MLS, OSIRIS, SABER and SOFIE and the MLO and TMF lidars.
E. Eckert, T. von Clarmann, M. Kiefer, G. P. Stiller, S. Lossow, N. Glatthor, D. A. Degenstein, L. Froidevaux, S. Godin-Beekmann, T. Leblanc, S. McDermid, M. Pastel, W. Steinbrecht, D. P. J. Swart, K. A. Walker, and P. F. Bernath
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 2571–2589, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-2571-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-2571-2014, 2014
Related subject area
Subject: Gases | Research Activity: Remote Sensing | Altitude Range: Stratosphere | Science Focus: Physics (physical properties and processes)
Total ozone trends at three northern high-latitude stations
Case study on the influence of synoptic-scale processes on the paired H2O–O3 distribution in the UTLS across a North Atlantic jet stream
Dynamical linear modeling estimates of long-term ozone trends from homogenized Dobson Umkehr profiles at Arosa/Davos, Switzerland
Zonally asymmetric influences of the quasi-biennial oscillation on stratospheric ozone
Stratospheric ozone trends for 1984–2021 in the SAGE II–OSIRIS–SAGE III/ISS composite dataset
Analyzing ozone variations and uncertainties at high latitudes during sudden stratospheric warming events using MERRA-2
Impacts of tropical cyclones on the thermodynamic conditions in the tropical tropopause layer observed by A-Train satellites
Investigation and amelioration of long-term instrumental drifts in water vapor and nitrous oxide measurements from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) and their implications for studies of variability and trends
3-D tomographic observations of Rossby wave breaking over the North Atlantic during the WISE aircraft campaign in 2017
Is there a direct solar proton impact on lower-stratospheric ozone?
Small-scale variability of stratospheric ozone during the sudden stratospheric warming 2018/2019 observed at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard
Seasonal stratospheric ozone trends over 2000–2018 derived from several merged data sets
Evidence for energetic particle precipitation and quasi-biennial oscillation modulations of the Antarctic NO2 springtime stratospheric column from OMI observations
Stratospheric ozone trends for 1985–2018: sensitivity to recent large variability
Interannual variations of water vapor in the tropical upper troposphere and the lower and middle stratosphere and their connections to ENSO and QBO
Ground-based ozone profiles over central Europe: incorporating anomalous observations into the analysis of stratospheric ozone trends
Response of stratospheric water vapor and ozone to the unusual timing of El Niño and the QBO disruption in 2015–2016
Assessing stratospheric transport in the CMAM30 simulations using ACE-FTS measurements
Water vapour and methane coupling in the stratosphere observed using SCIAMACHY solar occultation measurements
Evidence for a continuous decline in lower stratospheric ozone offsetting ozone layer recovery
MLS measurements of stratospheric hydrogen cyanide during the 2015–2016 El Niño event
What controls the seasonal cycle of columnar methane observed by GOSAT over different regions in India?
An “island” in the stratosphere – on the enhanced annual variation of water vapour in the middle and upper stratosphere in the southern tropics and subtropics
CCl4 distribution derived from MIPAS ESA v7 data: intercomparisons, trend, and lifetime estimation
Results from the validation campaign of the ozone radiometer GROMOS-C at the NDACC station of Réunion island
Trend analysis of the 20-year time series of stratospheric ozone profiles observed by the GROMOS microwave radiometer at Bern
Is there a solar signal in lower stratospheric water vapour?
Trajectory mapping of middle atmospheric water vapor by a mini network of NDACC instruments
Sunset–sunrise difference in solar occultation ozone measurements (SAGE II, HALOE, and ACE–FTS) and its relationship to tidal vertical winds
Tracing the second stage of ozone recovery in the Antarctic ozone-hole with a "big data" approach to multivariate regressions
Total ozone trends and variability during 1979–2012 from merged data sets of various satellites
Trends in stratospheric ozone derived from merged SAGE II and Odin-OSIRIS satellite observations
Evaluation of the use of five laboratory-determined ozone absorption cross sections in Brewer and Dobson retrieval algorithms
Decadal-scale responses in middle and upper stratospheric ozone from SAGE II version 7 data
Validation of ozone monthly zonal mean profiles obtained from the version 8.6 Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet algorithm
Stratospheric lifetimes of CFC-12, CCl4, CH4, CH3Cl and N2O from measurements made by the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment-Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS)
Volcanic SO2 fluxes derived from satellite data: a survey using OMI, GOME-2, IASI and MODIS
Chemical ozone losses in Arctic and Antarctic polar winter/spring season derived from SCIAMACHY limb measurements 2002–2009
Development of a climate record of tropospheric and stratospheric column ozone from satellite remote sensing: evidence of an early recovery of global stratospheric ozone
A-train CALIOP and MLS observations of early winter Antarctic polar stratospheric clouds and nitric acid in 2008
Ozone zonal asymmetry and planetary wave characterization during Antarctic spring
A global climatology of tropospheric and stratospheric ozone derived from Aura OMI and MLS measurements
Sulphur dioxide as a volcanic ash proxy during the April–May 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajökull Volcano, Iceland
Analysis of HCl and ClO time series in the upper stratosphere using satellite data sets
Retrieval of atmospheric parameters from GOMOS data
Multi sensor reanalysis of total ozone
GOMOS data characterisation and error estimation
Technical Note: Time-dependent limb-darkening calibration for solar occultation instruments
Simultaneous measurements of OClO, NO2 and O3 in the Arctic polar vortex by the GOMOS instrument
Leonie Bernet, Tove Svendby, Georg Hansen, Yvan Orsolini, Arne Dahlback, Florence Goutail, Andrea Pazmiño, Boyan Petkov, and Arve Kylling
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4165–4184, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4165-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4165-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
After the severe destruction of the ozone layer, the amount of ozone in the stratosphere is expected to increase again. At northern high latitudes, however, such a recovery has not been detected yet. To assess ozone changes in that region, we analyse the amount of ozone above specific locations (total ozone) measured at three stations in Norway. We found that total ozone increases significantly at two Arctic stations, which may be an indication of ozone recovery at northern high latitudes.
Andreas Schäfler, Michael Sprenger, Heini Wernli, Andreas Fix, and Martin Wirth
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 999–1018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-999-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-999-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, airborne lidar profile measurements of H2O and O3 across a midlatitude jet stream are combined with analyses in tracer–trace space and backward trajectories. We highlight that transport and mixing processes in the history of the observed air masses are governed by interacting tropospheric weather systems on synoptic timescales. We show that these weather systems play a key role in the high variability of the paired H2O and O3 distributions near the tropopause.
Eliane Maillard Barras, Alexander Haefele, René Stübi, Achille Jouberton, Herbert Schill, Irina Petropavlovskikh, Koji Miyagawa, Martin Stanek, and Lucien Froidevaux
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14283–14302, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14283-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14283-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Intercomparisons of three Dobson and three Brewer spectrophotometers at Arosa/Davos, Switzerland, are used for the homogenization of the longest Umkehr ozone profiles time series worldwide. Dynamic linear modeling (DLM) reveals a significant positive trend after 2004 in the upper stratosphere, a persistent negative trend between 25 and 30 km in the middle stratosphere, and a negative trend at 20 km in the lower stratosphere, with different levels of significance depending on the dataset.
Wuke Wang, Jin Hong, Ming Shangguan, Hongyue Wang, Wei Jiang, and Shuyun Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13695–13711, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13695-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13695-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The ozone layer protects the life on the Earth by absorbing the ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Beside the long-term trend, there are strong interannual fluctuations in stratospheric ozone. The quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) is an important interannual mode in the stratosphere. We show some new zonally asymmetric features of its impacts on stratospheric ozone using satellite data, ERA5 reanalysis, and model simulations, which is helpful for predicting the regional UV radiation at the surface.
Kristof Bognar, Susann Tegtmeier, Adam Bourassa, Chris Roth, Taran Warnock, Daniel Zawada, and Doug Degenstein
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9553–9569, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9553-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9553-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We quantify recent changes in stratospheric ozone (outside the polar regions) using a combination of three satellite datasets. We find that upper stratospheric ozone have increased significantly since 2000, although the recovery shows an unexpected pause in the Northern Hemisphere. Combined with the likely decrease in ozone in the lower stratosphere, this presents an interesting challenge for predicting the future of the ozone layer.
Shima Bahramvash Shams, Von P. Walden, James W. Hannigan, William J. Randel, Irina V. Petropavlovskikh, Amy H. Butler, and Alvaro de la Cámara
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5435–5458, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5435-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5435-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Large-scale atmospheric circulation has a strong influence on ozone in the Arctic, and certain anomalous dynamical events, such as sudden stratospheric warmings, cause dramatic alterations of the large-scale circulation. A reanalysis model is evaluated and then used to investigate the impact of sudden stratospheric warmings on mid-atmospheric ozone. Results show that the position of the cold jet stream over the Arctic before these events influences the variability of ozone.
Jing Feng and Yi Huang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 15493–15518, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15493-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15493-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study conducts a comprehensive analysis of thermodynamic fields above tropical cyclones. Using a synergistic retrieval method, we develop the first infrared hyperspectra-based dataset of collocated temperature and water vapor profiles above deep convective clouds. It discloses the unique impacts of convective overshoots on the tropical tropopause layer (TTL). Challenging conventional views, our study suggests that convective hydration may be limited by the radiative balance above cyclones.
Nathaniel J. Livesey, William G. Read, Lucien Froidevaux, Alyn Lambert, Michelle L. Santee, Michael J. Schwartz, Luis F. Millán, Robert F. Jarnot, Paul A. Wagner, Dale F. Hurst, Kaley A. Walker, Patrick E. Sheese, and Gerald E. Nedoluha
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 15409–15430, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15409-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15409-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), an instrument on NASA's Aura mission launched in 2004, measures vertical profiles of the temperature and composition of Earth's "middle atmosphere" (the region from ~12 to ~100 km altitude). We describe how, among the 16 trace gases measured by MLS, the measurements of water vapor (H2O) and nitrous oxide (N2O) have started to drift since ~2010. The paper also discusses the origins of this drift and work to ameliorate it in a new version of the MLS dataset.
Lukas Krasauskas, Jörn Ungermann, Peter Preusse, Felix Friedl-Vallon, Andreas Zahn, Helmut Ziereis, Christian Rolf, Felix Plöger, Paul Konopka, Bärbel Vogel, and Martin Riese
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 10249–10272, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10249-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10249-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A Rossby wave (RW) breaking event was observed over the North Atlantic during the WISE measurement campaign in October 2017. Infrared limb sounding measurements of trace gases in the lower stratosphere, including high-resolution 3-D tomographic reconstruction, revealed complex spatial structures in stratospheric tracers near the polar jet related to previous RW breaking events. Backward-trajectory analysis and tracer correlations were used to study mixing and stratosphere–troposphere exchange.
Jia Jia, Antti Kero, Niilo Kalakoski, Monika E. Szeląg, and Pekka T. Verronen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 14969–14982, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14969-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14969-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Recent studies have reported up to a 10 % average decrease of lower stratospheric ozone at 20 km altitude following solar proton events (SPEs). Our study uses 49 events that occurred after the launch of Aura MLS (July 2004–now) and 177 events that occurred in the WACCM-D simulation period (Jan 1989–Dec 2012) to evaluate ozone changes following SPEs. The statistical and case-by-case studies show no solid evidence of SPE's direct impact on the lower stratospheric ozone.
Franziska Schranz, Jonas Hagen, Gunter Stober, Klemens Hocke, Axel Murk, and Niklaus Kämpfer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 10791–10806, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10791-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10791-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We measured middle-atmospheric ozone, water vapour and zonal and meridional wind with two ground-based microwave radiometers which are located at Ny-Alesund, Svalbard, in the Arctic. In this article we present measurements of the small-scale horizontal ozone gradients during winter 2018/2019. We found a distinct seasonal variation of the ozone gradients which is linked to the planetary wave activity. We further present the signatures of the SSW in the ozone, water vapour and wind measurements.
Monika E. Szeląg, Viktoria F. Sofieva, Doug Degenstein, Chris Roth, Sean Davis, and Lucien Froidevaux
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 7035–7047, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7035-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7035-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We analyze seasonal dependence of stratospheric ozone trends over 2000–2018. We demonstrate that the mid-latitude upper stratospheric ozone recovery maximizes during local winters and equinoxes. In the tropics, a very strong seasonal dependence of ozone trends is observed at all altitudes. We found hemispheric asymmetry of summertime ozone trend patterns below 35 km. The seasonal dependence of ozone trends and stratospheric temperature trends shows a clear inter-relation of the trend patterns.
Emily M. Gordon, Annika Seppälä, and Johanna Tamminen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 6259–6271, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-6259-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-6259-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The Sun constantly emits high-energy charged particles that produce the ozone destroying chemical NOx in the polar atmosphere. NOx is transported to the stratosphere, where the ozone layer is. Satellite observations show that the NOx gases remain in the atmosphere longer than previously reported. This is influenced by the strength of atmospheric large-scale dynamics, suggesting that there are specific times when this type of solar influence on the Antarctic atmosphere becomes more pronounced.
William T. Ball, Justin Alsing, Johannes Staehelin, Sean M. Davis, Lucien Froidevaux, and Thomas Peter
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 12731–12748, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-12731-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-12731-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We analyse long-term stratospheric ozone (60° S–60° N) trends over the 1985–2018 period. Previous work has suggested that lower stratosphere ozone declined over 1998–2016. We demonstrate that a large ozone upsurge in 2017 is likely related to QBO variability, but that lower stratospheric ozone trends likely remain lower in 2018 than in 1998. Tropical stratospheric ozone (30° S–30° N) shows highly probable decreases in both the lower stratosphere and in the integrated stratospheric ozone layer.
Edward W. Tian, Hui Su, Baijun Tian, and Jonathan H. Jiang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 9913–9926, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-9913-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-9913-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We study the interannual (2–7-year) water vapor variations in the tropical upper troposphere and the lower and middle stratosphere and their connections to El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) using the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) data and time-lag regression analysis and composite analysis. We found that ENSO is more important in the upper troposphere and near the tropopause, while QBO is more important in the lower and middle stratosphere.
Leonie Bernet, Thomas von Clarmann, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Gérard Ancellet, Eliane Maillard Barras, René Stübi, Wolfgang Steinbrecht, Niklaus Kämpfer, and Klemens Hocke
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 4289–4309, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-4289-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-4289-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
After severe ozone depletion, upper stratospheric ozone has started to recover in recent years. However, stratospheric ozone trends from various data sets still show differences. To partly explain such differences, we investigate how the trends are affected by different factors, for example, anomalies in the data. We show how trend estimates can be improved by considering such anomalies and present updated stratospheric ozone trends from ground data measured in central Europe.
Mohamadou Diallo, Martin Riese, Thomas Birner, Paul Konopka, Rolf Müller, Michaela I. Hegglin, Michelle L. Santee, Mark Baldwin, Bernard Legras, and Felix Ploeger
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 13055–13073, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-13055-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-13055-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The unprecedented timing of an El Niño event aligned with the disrupted QBO in 2015–2016 caused a perturbation to the stratospheric circulation, affecting trace gases. This paper resolves the puzzling response of the lower stratospheric water vapor by showing that the QBO disruption reversed the lower stratosphere moistening triggered by the alignment of the El Niño event with a westerly QBO in early boreal winter.
Felicia Kolonjari, David A. Plummer, Kaley A. Walker, Chris D. Boone, James W. Elkins, Michaela I. Hegglin, Gloria L. Manney, Fred L. Moore, Diane Pendlebury, Eric A. Ray, Karen H. Rosenlof, and Gabriele P. Stiller
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 6801–6828, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-6801-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-6801-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We used satellite observations and model simulations of CFC-11, CFC-12, and N2O to investigate stratospheric transport, which is important for predicting the recovery of the ozone layer and future climate. We found that sampling can impact results and that the model consistently overestimates concentrations of these gases in the lower stratosphere, consistent with a too rapid Brewer–Dobson circulation. An issue with mixing in the tropical lower stratosphere in June–July–August was also found.
Stefan Noël, Katja Weigel, Klaus Bramstedt, Alexei Rozanov, Mark Weber, Heinrich Bovensmann, and John P. Burrows
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 4463–4476, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-4463-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-4463-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The combined analysis of stratospheric methane and water vapour data derived from SCIAMACHY solar occultation measurements shows the expected anti-correlation and a clear temporal variation related to waves in equatorial zonal winds. Above about 20 km most of the additional water vapour is attributed to the oxidation of methane. The SCIAMACHY data confirm that at lower altitudes water vapour and methane are transported from the tropics to higher latitudes.
William T. Ball, Justin Alsing, Daniel J. Mortlock, Johannes Staehelin, Joanna D. Haigh, Thomas Peter, Fiona Tummon, Rene Stübi, Andrea Stenke, John Anderson, Adam Bourassa, Sean M. Davis, Doug Degenstein, Stacey Frith, Lucien Froidevaux, Chris Roth, Viktoria Sofieva, Ray Wang, Jeannette Wild, Pengfei Yu, Jerald R. Ziemke, and Eugene V. Rozanov
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 1379–1394, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-1379-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-1379-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Using a robust analysis, with artefact-corrected ozone data, we confirm upper stratospheric ozone is recovering following the Montreal Protocol, but that lower stratospheric ozone (50° S–50° N) has continued to decrease since 1998, and the ozone layer as a whole (60° S–60° N) may be lower today than in 1998. No change in total column ozone may be due to increasing tropospheric ozone. State-of-the-art models do not reproduce lower stratospheric ozone decreases.
Hugh C. Pumphrey, Norbert Glatthor, Peter F. Bernath, Christopher D. Boone, James W. Hannigan, Ivan Ortega, Nathaniel J. Livesey, and William G. Read
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 691–703, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-691-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-691-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) is a satellite instrument that has been measuring the amount of various gases in the atmosphere since 2004. In late 2015 and 2016 it observed unusual amounts of hydrogen cyanide (HCN), a gas produced when vegetation is burned. We compare the MLS observations to similar observations from other instruments. The excess HCN is shown to come from fires in Indonesia. There are more fires than usual in 2015–16 due to a drought caused by an El Niño event.
Naveen Chandra, Sachiko Hayashida, Tazu Saeki, and Prabir K. Patra
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 12633–12643, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-12633-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-12633-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This study shows difficulties in interpreting columnar dry-air mole fractions of methane (XCH4) for surface emissions of CH4 over the South Asia region, without separating the role of chemistry and transport. Using a chemistry-transport model, we suggest that a link between surface emissions and higher levels of XCH4 is not always valid in this region of complex monsoonal meteorology, although there is often a fair correlation between the seasonal variations in surface emissions and XCH4.
Stefan Lossow, Hella Garny, and Patrick Jöckel
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 11521–11539, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-11521-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-11521-2017, 2017
Massimo Valeri, Flavio Barbara, Chris Boone, Simone Ceccherini, Marco Gai, Guido Maucher, Piera Raspollini, Marco Ridolfi, Luca Sgheri, Gerald Wetzel, and Nicola Zoppetti
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 10143–10162, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-10143-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-10143-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric emissions of CCl4 are regulated by the Montreal Protocol due to its role as a strong ozone-depleting substance. The molecule is the subject of recent increased interest as a consequence of the discrepancy between atmospheric observations and reported production and consumption. We use MIPAS/ENVISAT data (2002–2012) to estimate CCl4 trends and lifetime. At 50 hPa we find a decline of about 30–35 % per decade. In the lower stratosphere our lifetime estimate is 47 (39–61) years.
Susana Fernandez, Rolf Rüfenacht, Niklaus Kämpfer, Thierry Portafaix, Françoise Posny, and Guillaume Payen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 7531–7543, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-7531-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-7531-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new ground based microwave radiometer for campaigns, GROMOS-C. It measures the vertical distribution of ozone in the middle atmosphere by observing spectra at 110.836 GHz. The paper presents a validation campaign that took place on La Réunion Island. The ozone retrieved profiles are validated against ozone profiles from the Microwave Limb Sounder, the ozone lidar located in the observatory, ozone profiles from weekly radiosondes and with ECMWF model data.
L. Moreira, K. Hocke, E. Eckert, T. von Clarmann, and N. Kämpfer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 10999–11009, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-10999-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-10999-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
GROMOS (GROund-based Millimeter-wave Ozone Spectrometer) has provided ozone profiles for the NDACC (Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change) at Bern since 1994. We performed a trend analysis of our 20-year time series of stratospheric ozone profiles with a multilinear parametric trend estimation method. With our estimated ozone trends we are able to support the stratospheric ozone turnaround, besides a statistically significant negative trend in the lower mesosphere.
T. Schieferdecker, S. Lossow, G. P. Stiller, and T. von Clarmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 9851–9863, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9851-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9851-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
A merged data set of HALOE and MIPAS lower stratospheric water vapour has been constructed. Multivariate linear regression shows that the merged time series can best be explained if a proxy for the 11-year solar cycle is considered. The amplitude of the solar cycle signal in water vapour is slightly higher than that which can be explained by the known solar cycle variation of cold-point temperatures.
M. Lainer, N. Kämpfer, B. Tschanz, G. E. Nedoluha, S. Ka, and J. J. Oh
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 9711–9730, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9711-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9711-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We use water vapor profiles from ground-based microwave radiometers at five locations distributed over the Northern Hemisphere and operated in the frame of NDACC (Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change) to generate hemispheric water vapor maps based on the so-called trajectory mapping technique. The novelty is to show that a mini network of instruments is capable of providing information about the hemispheric distribution of water vapor under most conditions.
T. Sakazaki, M. Shiotani, M. Suzuki, D. Kinnison, J. M. Zawodny, M. McHugh, and K. A. Walker
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 829–843, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-829-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-829-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The solar occultation measurements measure the atmosphere at sunrise (SR) and sunset (SS). It has been reported that there is a significant difference in the observed amount of stratospheric ozone between SR and SS. This study first revealed that this difference can be largely explained by diurnal variations in ozone, particularly those caused by vertical transport by the atmospheric tidal winds. Our results would be helpful for the construction of combined data sets from SR and SS profiles.
A. T. J. de Laat, R. J. van der A, and M. van Weele
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 79–97, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-79-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-79-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Recent research suggests the Antarctic ozone hole has started to shrink due to decreasing ozone-depleting substances. Because it could be questioned how robust these results are, we provide an assessment of uncertainties in both the underlying ozone observational records and the detection-attribution method. Although Antarctic ozone concentrations are definitely increasing slowly, the formal identification of recovery is not yet justified, although this will likely become possible this decade.
W. Chehade, M. Weber, and J. P. Burrows
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 7059–7074, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-7059-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-7059-2014, 2014
A. E. Bourassa, D. A. Degenstein, W. J. Randel, J. M. Zawodny, E. Kyrölä, C. A. McLinden, C. E. Sioris, and C. Z. Roth
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 6983–6994, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-6983-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-6983-2014, 2014
A. Redondas, R. Evans, R. Stuebi, U. Köhler, and M. Weber
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1635–1648, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1635-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1635-2014, 2014
E. E. Remsberg
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1039–1053, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1039-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1039-2014, 2014
N. A. Kramarova, S. M. Frith, P. K. Bhartia, R. D. McPeters, S. L. Taylor, B. L. Fisher, G. J. Labow, and M. T. DeLand
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 6887–6905, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-6887-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-6887-2013, 2013
A. T. Brown, C. M. Volk, M. R. Schoeberl, C. D. Boone, and P. F. Bernath
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 6921–6950, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-6921-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-6921-2013, 2013
N. Theys, R. Campion, L. Clarisse, H. Brenot, J. van Gent, B. Dils, S. Corradini, L. Merucci, P.-F. Coheur, M. Van Roozendael, D. Hurtmans, C. Clerbaux, S. Tait, and F. Ferrucci
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 5945–5968, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-5945-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-5945-2013, 2013
T. Sonkaew, C. von Savigny, K.-U. Eichmann, M. Weber, A. Rozanov, H. Bovensmann, J. P. Burrows, and J.-U. Grooß
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 1809–1835, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-1809-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-1809-2013, 2013
J. R. Ziemke and S. Chandra
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 5737–5753, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-5737-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-5737-2012, 2012
A. Lambert, M. L. Santee, D. L. Wu, and J. H. Chae
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 2899–2931, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-2899-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-2899-2012, 2012
I. Ialongo, V. Sofieva, N. Kalakoski, J. Tamminen, and E. Kyrölä
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 2603–2614, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-2603-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-2603-2012, 2012
J. R. Ziemke, S. Chandra, G. J. Labow, P. K. Bhartia, L. Froidevaux, and J. C. Witte
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 9237–9251, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-9237-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-9237-2011, 2011
H. E. Thomas and A. J. Prata
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 6871–6880, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-6871-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-6871-2011, 2011
A. Jones, J. Urban, D. P. Murtagh, C. Sanchez, K. A. Walker, N. J. Livesey, L. Froidevaux, and M. L. Santee
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 5321–5333, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-5321-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-5321-2011, 2011
E. Kyrölä, J. Tamminen, V. Sofieva, J. L. Bertaux, A. Hauchecorne, F. Dalaudier, D. Fussen, F. Vanhellemont, O. Fanton d'Andon, G. Barrot, M. Guirlet, A. Mangin, L. Blanot, T. Fehr, L. Saavedra de Miguel, and R. Fraisse
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11881–11903, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11881-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11881-2010, 2010
R. J. van der A, M. A. F. Allaart, and H. J. Eskes
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11277–11294, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11277-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11277-2010, 2010
J. Tamminen, E. Kyrölä, V. F. Sofieva, M. Laine, J.-L. Bertaux, A. Hauchecorne, F. Dalaudier, D. Fussen, F. Vanhellemont, O. Fanton-d'Andon, G. Barrot, A. Mangin, M. Guirlet, L. Blanot, T. Fehr, L. Saavedra de Miguel, and R. Fraisse
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 9505–9519, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-9505-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-9505-2010, 2010
S. P. Burton, L. W. Thomason, and J. M. Zawodny
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 1–8, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-1-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-1-2010, 2010
C. Tétard, D. Fussen, C. Bingen, N. Capouillez, E. Dekemper, N. Loodts, N. Mateshvili, F. Vanhellemont, E. Kyrölä, J. Tamminen, V. Sofieva, A. Hauchecorne, F. Dalaudier, J.-L. Bertaux, O. Fanton d'Andon, G. Barrot, M. Guirlet, T. Fehr, and L. Saavedra
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 7857–7866, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-7857-2009, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-7857-2009, 2009
Cited articles
Austin, J., Hood, L. L., and Soukharev, B. E.: Solar cycle variations of stratospheric ozone and temperature in simulations of a coupled chemistry-climate model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 1693–1706, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-1693-2007, 2007.
Baldwin, M. P., Gray, L. J., Dunkerton, T. J., Hamilton, K., Haynes, P. H., Randel, W. J., Holton, J. R., Alexander, M. J., Hirota, I., Horinouchi, T., Jones, D. B. A., Kinnersley, J. S., Marquardt, C., Sato, K., and Takahashi, M.: The quasi-biennial oscillation, Rev. Geophys., 39, 179–229, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999RG000073, 2001.
Bhatt, P. P., Remsberg, E. E., Gordley, L. L., McInerney, M. J., Brackett, V. G., and Russell III, J. M.: An evaluation of the quality of Halogen Occultation Experiment ozone profiles in the lower stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 9261–9275, 1999.
Bodeker, G. E., Scott, J. C., Kreher, K., and McKenzie, R. L.: Global ozone trends in potential vorticity coordinates using TOMS and GOME intercompared against the Dobson network: 1978–1998, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 23029–23042, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD900220, 2001.
Brönnimann S., Luterbacher, J., Staehelin, J., Svendby, T. M., Hansen, G., and Svenøe, T.: Extreme Climate of the Global Tropopsphere and Stratosphere 1940–1942 related to El Nino, Nature, 431, 971–974, 2004.
Brunner, D., Staehelin, J., Künsch, H.-R., and Bodeker, G. E.: A Kalman filter reconstruction of the vertical ozone distribution in an equivalent latitude–potential temperature framework from TOMS/GOME/SBUV total ozone observations, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D12308, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006279, 2006.
Cagnazzo, C., Manzini, E., Calvo, N., Douglass, A., Akiyoshi, H., Bekki, S., Chipperfield, M., Dameris, M., Deushi, M., Fischer, A. M., Garny, H., Gettelman, A., Giorgetta, M. A., Plummer, D., Rozanov, E., Shepherd, T. G., Shibata, K., Stenke, A., Struthers, H., and Tian, W.: Northern winter stratospheric temperature and ozone responses to ENSO inferred from an ensemble of Chemistry Climate Models, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 8935–8948, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-8935-2009, 2009.
Chandra, S., Ziemke, J. R., Schoeberl, M. R., Froidevaux, L., Read, W. G., Levelt, P. F., and Bhartia, P. K.: Effects of the 2004 El Nin\ { }o on tropospheric ozone and water vapor, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L06802, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL028779, 2007.
Dhomse, S., Weber, M., Wohltmann, I., Rex, M., and Burrows, J. P.: On the possible causes of recent increases in northern hemispheric total ozone from a statistical analysis of satellite data from 1979 to 2003, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 1165–1180, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-1165-2006, 2006.
Doherty, R. M., Stevenson, D. S., Johnson, C. E., Collins, W. J., and Sanderson, M. G.: Tropospheric ozone and El Niño–Southern Oscillation: Influence of atmospheric dynamics, biomass burning emissions, and future climate change, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D19304, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006849, 2006.
Eyring, V., Cionni, I., Bodeker, G. E., Charlton-Perez, A. J., Kinnison, D. E., Scinocca, J. F., Waugh, D. W., Akiyoshi, H., Bekki, S., Chipperfield, M. P., Dameris, M., Dhomse, S., Frith, S. M., Garny, H., Gettelman, A., Kubin, A., Langematz, U., Mancini, E., Marchand, M., Nakamura, T., Oman, L. D., Pawson, S., Pitari, G., Plummer, D. A., Rozanov, E., Shepherd, T. G., Shibata, K., Tian, W., Braesicke, P., Hardiman, S. C., Lamarque, J. F., Morgenstern, O., Pyle, J. A., Smale, D., and Yamashita, Y.: Multi-model assessment of stratospheric ozone return dates and ozone recovery in CCMVal-2 models, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 9451–9472, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-9451-2010, 2010.
Finlayson, B. A.: Numerical recipes: The art of scientific computing, edited by: Press, W. H., Flanner, B. P., Teukolsky, S. A., and Vetterling, W. T., Cambridge University Press, 1986, 818 pp., 1987.
Fischer, A. M., Shindell, D. T., Winter, B., Bourqui, M. S., Faluvegi, G., Rozanov, E., Schraner, M., and Brönnimann, S.: Stratospheric winter climate response to ENSO in three chemistry-climate models, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L13819, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL034289, 2008.
Froidevaux, L., Jiang, Y. B., Lambert, A., Livesey, N. J., Read, W. G., Waters, J. W., Browell, E. V., Hair, J. W., Avery, M. A., McGee, T. J., Twigg, L. W., Sumnicht, G. K., Jucks, K. W., Margitan, J. J., Sen, B., Stachnik, R. A., Toon, G. C., Bernath, P. F., Boone, C. D., Walker, K. A., Filipiak, M. J., Harwood, R. S., Fuller, R. A., Manney, G. L., Schwartz, M. J., Daffer, W. H., Drouin, B. J., Cofield, R. E., Cuddy, D. T., Jarnot, R. F., Knosp, B. W., Perun, V. S., Snyder, W. V., Stek, P. C., Thurstans, R. P., and Wagner, P. A.: Validation of Aura Microwave Limb Sounder stratospheric ozone measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D15S20, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD008771, 2008.
Garfinkel, C. I. and Hartmann, D. L.: Effects of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation and the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation on polar temperatures in the stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D19112, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD008481, 2007.
Hofmann, D. J. and Montzka, S. A.: Recovery of the Ozone Layer: The Ozone Depleting Gas Index, Eos Trans. AGU, 90, 1, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009EO010001, 2009.
Hood, L. L. and Soukharev, B. E.: Quasi-Decadal Variability of the Tropical Lower Stratosphere: The Role of Extratropical Wave Forcing, J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 2389–2403, 2003.
Hood, L. L., Soukharev, B. E., and McCormack, J. P.: Decadal variability of the tropical stratosphere: Secondary influence of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D11113, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD012291, 2010.
Jain, M.: Trend in stratospheric ozone over tropics, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D19311, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD012612, 2010.
Jones, A., Urban, J., Murtagh, D. P., Eriksson, P., Brohede, S., Haley, C., Degenstein, D., Bourassa, A., von Savigny, C., Sonkaew, T., Rozanov, A., Bovensmann, H., and Burrows, J.: Evolution of stratospheric ozone and water vapour time series studied with satellite measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 6055–6075, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-6055-2009, 2009.
Jrrar, A., Braesicke, P., Hadjinicolaou, P., and Pyle, J. A.: Trend analysis of CTM-derived northern hemisphere winter total ozone using self-consistent proxies: How well can we explain dynamically induced trends?, Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 132, 1969–1983, https://doi.org/10.1256/qj.05.136, 2006.
Kerzenmacher, T., Keckhut, P., Hauchecorne, A., and Chanin, M.: Methodological uncertainties in multi-regression analyses of middle atmospheric data series, J. Environ. Monit., 8, 682–690, https://doi.org/10.1039/b603750j, 2006.
Kodera, K. and Kuroda, Y.: Dynamical response to the solar cycle, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4749, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002224, 2002.
Leblanc, T. and McDermid, I. S.: Stratospheric ozone climatology from lidar measurements at Table Mountain (34.4° N, 117.7° W) and Mauna Loa (19.5° N, 155.6° W), J. Geophys. Res., 105, 14613–14623, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900030, 2000.
Leblanc, T. and McDermid, I. S.: Quasi-biennial oscillation signatures in ozone and temperature observed by lidar at Mauna Loa, Hawaii (19.5° N, 155.6° W), J. Geophys. Res., 106, 14869–14874, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD900162, 2001.
Leblanc, T., Tripathi, O. P., McDermid, I. S., Froidevaux, L., Livesey, N. J., Read, W. G., and Waters, J. W.: Simultaneous lidar and EOS MLS measurements, and modeling, of a rare polar ozone filament event over Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L16801, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006gl026257, 2006.
Li, F., Stolarski, R. S., and Newman, P. A.: Stratospheric ozone in the post-CFC era, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 2207–2213, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-2207-2009, 2009.
Li, T., Leblanc, T., and McDermid, I. S.: Interannual variations of middle atmospheric temperature as measured by the JPL lidar at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii (19.5N, 155.6W), J. Geophys. Res., 113, D14109, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009764, 2008.
Li, T., Leblanc, T., McDermid, I. S., Keckhut, P., Hauchecorne, A., and Dou, X.: Middle atmosphere temperature trend and solar cycle revealed by long-term Rayleigh lidar observations, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D00P05, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD015275, 2011.
Mäder, J. A., Staehelin, J., Brunner, D., Stahel, W. A., Wohltmann, I., and Peter, T.: Statistical modeling of total ozone: Selection of appropriate explanatory variables, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D11108, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007694, 2007.
Mäder, J. A., Staehelin, J., Peter, T., Brunner, D., Rieder, H. E., and Stahel, W. A.: Evidence for the effectiveness of the Montreal Protocol to protect the ozone layer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 12161–12171, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-12161-2010, 2010.
Manney, G. L., Michelsen, H. A., Bevilacqua, R. M., Gunson M. R., Irion, F. W., Livesey, N. J., Oberheide, J., Riese, M., Russell III, J. M., Toon, G. C., and Zawodny, J. M.: Comparison of satellite ozone observations in coincident air masses in early November 1994, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 9923–9943, 2001.
Marsh, D. R. and Garcia, R. R.: Attribution of decadal variability in lower-stratospheric tropical ozone, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L21807, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL030935, 2007.
McConnell, J. C. and Jin, J. J.: Stratospheric ozone chemistry, Atmosphere-Ocean, 46, 69–92, 2008.
Montzka, S. A., Butler, J. H., Myers, R. C., Thompson, T. M., Swanson, T. H., Clarke, A. D., Lock, L. T., and Elkins, J. W.: Decline in the tropospheric abundance of halogen from halocarbons: Implications for stratospheric ozone depletion, Science, 272, 1318–1322, 1996.
Naujokat, B.: An update of the observed quasi-biennial oscillation of the stratospheric winds over the tropics, J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 1873–1877, 1986.
Nair, P. J., Godin-Beekmann, S., Pazmiño, A., Hauchecorne, A., Ancellet, G., Petropavlovskikh, I., Flynn, L. E., and Froidevaux, L.: Coherence of long-term stratospheric ozone vertical distribution time series used for the study of ozone recovery at a northern mid-latitude station, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 4957–4975, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-4957-2011, 2011.
Newman, P. A., Nash, E. R., Kawa, S. R., Montzka, S. A., and Schauffler, S. M.: When will the Antarctic ozone hole recover? Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L12814, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL025232, 2006.
Randel, W. J. and Cobb, J. B.: Coherent variations of monthly mean total ozone and lower stratospheric temperature, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 5433–5447, https://doi.org/10.1029/93JD03454, 1994.
Randel, W. J. and Thompson, A. M.:Interannual variability and trends in tropical ozone derived from SAGE II satellite data and SHADOZ ozonesondes, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D07303, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD015195, 2011.
Randel, W. J., Shine, K. P., Austin, J., Barnett, J., Claud, C., Gillett, N. P., Keckhut, P., Langematz, U., Lin, R., Long, C., Mears, C., Miller, A., Nash, J., Seidel, D. J., Thompson, D. W. J., Wu, F., and Yoden, S.: An update of observed stratospheric temperature trends, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D02107, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD010421, 2009.
Reinsel, G. C., Miller, A. J., Weatherhead, E. C., Flynn, L. E., Nagatani, R. M., Tiao, G. C., and Wuebbles, D. J.: Trend analysis of total ozone data for turnaround and dynamical contributions, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D16306, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD004662, 2005.
Remsberg, E. E.: On the response of Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) stratospheric ozone and temperature to the 11-year solar cycle forcing, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D22304, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD010189, 2008.
Sassi, F., Kinnison, D., Boville, B. A., Garcia, R. R., and Roble, R.: Effect of El Niño–Southern Oscillation on the dynamical, thermal, and chemical structure of the middle atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D17108, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD004434, 2004.
Shepherd, T. G.: Dynamics, stratospheric ozone, and climate change, Atmos.-Ocean, 46, 117–138, 2008.
Shepherd, T. G. and Jonsson, A. I.: On the attribution of stratospheric ozone and temperature changes to changes in ozone-depleting substances and well-mixed greenhouse gases, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 1435–1444, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-1435-2008, 2008.
Soukharev, B. E. and Hood, L. L.: Solar cycle variation of stratospheric ozone: Multiple regression analysis of long-term satellite data sets and comparisons with models, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D20314, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007107, 2006.
Steinbrecht, W., Claude, H., Schoenenborn, F., McDermid, I. S., LeBlanc, T., Godin-Beekmann, S., Keckhut, P., Hauchecorne, A., Van Gijsel, J. A. E., Swart, D. P. J., Bodeker, G., Parrish, A., Boyd, I., Kämpfer, N., Hocke, K., Stolarski, R. S., Frith, S. M., Thomason, L. W., Remsberg, E. E., Von Savigny, C., Rozanov, A., and Burrows, J. B.: Ozone and temperature trends in the upper stratosphere at five stations of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change, Int. J. Remote Sens., 30, 3875–3886, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160902821841, 2009.
Tatarov, B., Nakane, H., Park, Ch. B., Sugimoto, N., and Matsui, I.: Lidar observation of long-term trends and variations of stratospheric ozone and temperature over Tsukuba, Japan, Int. J. Remote Sens., 30, 3951–3960, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160902821882, 2009.
Waugh, D. W., Oman, L., Kawa, S. R., Stolarski, R. S., Pawson, S., Douglass, A. R., Newman, P. A., and Nielsen, J. E.: Impacts of climate change on stratospheric ozone recovery, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L03805, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL036223, 2009.
WMO (World Meteorological Organization): Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 1998, Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project – Report No. 44, Geneva, Switzerland, 1999.
WMO (World Meteorological Organization): Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2006, Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project – Report No. 50, 572 pp., Geneva, Switzerland, 2007.
WMO (World Meteorological Organization): Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2010, Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project – Report No. 52, 516 pp., Geneva, Switzerland, 2011.
Wohltmann, I., Rex, M., Brunner, D., and Mäder, J.: Integrated equivalent latitude as a proxy for dynamical changes in ozone column, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L09811, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL022497, 2005.
Wohltmann, I., Lehmann, R., Rex, M., Brunner, D., and Mäder, J. A.: A process-oriented regression model for column ozone, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D12304, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007573, 2007.
Zeng, G. and Pyle, J. A.: Influence of El Niño Southern Oscillation on stratosphere/troposphere exchange and the global tropospheric ozone budget, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L01814, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL021353, 2005.
Ziemke, J., Chandra, S., McPeters, R., and Newman, P.: Dynamical proxies of column ozone with applications to global trend models, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 6117–6129, 1997.
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint