ACP Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ACP 1680-7324 Copernicus GmbH Göttingen, Germany 10.5194/acp-13-1411-2013 Daily and hourly chemical impact of springtime transboundary aerosols on Japanese air quality Moreno T. 1 Kojima T. 2 Amato F. 3 Lucarelli F. 4 de la Rosa J. 5 Calzolai G. 4 Nava S. 4 Chiari M. 4 Alastuey A. 1 Querol X. 1 Gibbons W. 6 Inst. of Environmental Assessment & Water Research (IDǼA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain Dept. of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan TNO Climate, Air and Sustainability, Princetonlaan 6, P.O. Box 80015, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, and INFN, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy Center for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CIQSO), University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen, s/n, 21071 Huelva, Spain AP 23075, Barcelona 08080, Spain 04 02 2013 13 3 1411 1424 This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. This article is available from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/13/1411/2013/acp-13-1411-2013.html The full text article is available as a PDF file from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/13/1411/2013/acp-13-1411-2013.pdf

The regular eastward drift of transboundary aerosol intrusions from the Asian mainland into the NW Pacific region has a pervasive impact on air quality in Japan, especially during springtime. Analysis of 24-h filter samples with Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), and hourly Streaker with Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) samples collected continuously for six weeks reveal the chemistry of successive waves of natural mineral desert dust ("<i>Kosa</i>") and metalliferous sulphatic pollutants arriving in western Japan during spring 2011. The main aerosol sources recognised by Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) analysis of Streaker data are mineral dust and fresh sea salt (both mostly in the coarser fraction PM<sub>2.5&ndash;10</sub>), As-bearing sulphatic aerosol (PM<sub>0.1&ndash;2.5</sub>), metalliferous sodic particulate matter (PM) interpreted as aged, industrially contaminated marine aerosol, and ZnCu-bearing aerosols. Whereas mineral dust arrivals are typically highly transient, peaking over a few hours, sulphatic intrusions build up and decline more slowly, and are accompanied by notable rises in ambient concentrations of metallic trace elements such as Pb, As, Zn, Sn and Cd. The magnitude of the loss in regional air quality due to the spread and persistence of pollution from mainland Asia is especially clear when cleansing oceanic air advects westward across Japan, removing the continental influence and reducing concentrations of the undesirable metalliferous pollutants by over 90%. Our new chemical database, especially the Streaker data, demonstrates the rapidly changing complexity of ambient air inhaled during these transboundary events, and implicates Chinese coal combustion as the main source of the anthropogenic aerosol component.

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