ACP Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ACP 1680-7324 Copernicus GmbH Göttingen, Germany 10.5194/acp-12-9025-2012 Modeling the formation and properties of traditional and non-traditional secondary organic aerosol: problem formulation and application to aircraft exhaust Jathar S. H. 1 2 Miracolo M. A. 2 Presto A. A. 2 3 Donahue N. M. 1 2 4 Adams P. J. 1 2 5 Robinson A. L. 1 2 3 Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA, USA Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA, USA Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA, USA Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA, USA Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA, USA 04 10 2012 12 19 9025 9040 This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. This article is available from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/12/9025/2012/acp-12-9025-2012.html The full text article is available as a PDF file from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/12/9025/2012/acp-12-9025-2012.pdf

We present a methodology to model secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from the photo-oxidation of unspeciated low-volatility organics (semi-volatile and intermediate volatile organic compounds) emitted by combustion systems. It is formulated using the volatility basis-set approach. Unspeciated low-volatility organics are classified by volatility and then allowed to react with the hydroxyl radical. The new methodology allows for larger reductions in volatility with each oxidation step than previous volatility basis set models, which is more consistent with the addition of common functional groups and similar to those used by traditional SOA models. The methodology is illustrated using data collected during two field campaigns that characterized the atmospheric evolution of dilute gas-turbine engine emissions using a smog chamber. In those experiments, photo-oxidation formed a significant amount of SOA, much of which could not be explained based on the emissions of traditional speciated precursors; we refer to the unexplained SOA as non-traditional SOA (NT-SOA). The NT-SOA can be explained by emissions of unspeciated low-volatility organics measured using sorbents. We show that the parameterization proposed by Robinson et al. (2007) is unable to explain the timing of the NT-SOA formation in the aircraft experiments because it assumes a very modest reduction in volatility of the precursors with every oxidation reaction. In contrast the new method better reproduces the NT-SOA formation. The NT-SOA yields estimated for the unspeciated low-volatility organic emissions in aircraft exhaust are similar to literature data for large <i>n</i>-alkanes and other low-volatility organics. The estimated yields vary with fuel composition (Jet Propellent-8 versus Fischer-Tropsch) and engine load (ground idle versus non-ground idle). The framework developed here is suitable for modeling SOA formation from emissions from other combustion systems.

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