ACP Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ACP 1680-7324 Copernicus GmbH Göttingen, Germany 10.5194/acp-12-693-2012 Morphology, composition and mixing state of individual carbonaceous aerosol in urban Shanghai Fu H. 1 Zhang M. 1 5 Li W. 3 Chen J. 1 2 Wang L. 1 Quan X. 4 Wang W. 3 Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China Research Institute for the Global Environment Change, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan Shandong 250100, China College of Environment and Life, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian Liaoning 116024, China Key Laboratory of Data Analysis and Applications, The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, 266061, China 16 01 2012 12 2 693 707 This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. This article is available from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/12/693/2012/acp-12-693-2012.html The full text article is available as a PDF file from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/12/693/2012/acp-12-693-2012.pdf

A total of 834 individual aerosol particles were collected during October and November 2010 in urban Shanghai, China. Particles were sampled under different weather and air quality conditions. Morphologies, compositions and mixing states of carbonaceous aerosols were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX). Structures of some particles were verified using selected-area electron diffraction (SAED). Among the aerosol particles observed, carbonaceous aerosols were mainly categorized into four types: polymeric organic compound (POC), soot, tar ball, and biogenic particle. Based on the detailed TEM-EDX analysis, most of the particles were coated with secondary organic aerosols (SOA), which commonly formed through condensation or heterogeneous reactions of precursor gases on pre-existing particles. Aged particles were associated with days with low wind velocities, showed complex structures, and were bigger in size. The internally mixed particles of sulphates, organics and soot were encountered frequently. Such internally mixed particles may be preferentially formed during a stagnated air mass during serious pollution events, such as on 13 November. Although relative number counts varied with different species, sulphates (38–71%) and soot (11–22%) constituted the most dominant species observed in the samples. However, soil-derived particles (68%) were relatively more frequently observed on the sample collected on 12 November during a dust storm.

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