ACP Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ACP 1680-7324 Copernicus GmbH Göttingen, Germany 10.5194/acp-12-6237-2012 Halogen activation via interactions with environmental ice and snow in the polar lower troposphere and other regions Abbatt J. P. D. 1 Thomas J. L. 2 3 Abrahamsson K. 4 Boxe C. 5 Granfors A. 4 Jones A. E. 6 King M. D. 7 Saiz-Lopez A. 8 Shepson P. B. 9 Sodeau J. 10 Toohey D. W. 11 Toubin C. 12 von Glasow R. 13 Wren S. N. 1 Yang X. 14 15 Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Université Versailles St-Quentin, CNRS/INSU, UMR8190, LATMOS-IPSL, Paris, France University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden Department of Physical, Environmental and Computer Science, Medgar Evers College-City University of New York, 1650 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11235, USA British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK Laboratory for Atmospheric and Climate Science, CSIC, Toledo, Spain Dept. of Chemistry and Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA Department of Chemistry and Environmental Reserach Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molecules, CNRS, UMR8523, Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches Lasers et Applications (CERLA), Universite des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS)-Climate, UK 19 07 2012 12 14 6237 6271 This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. This article is available from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/12/6237/2012/acp-12-6237-2012.html The full text article is available as a PDF file from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/12/6237/2012/acp-12-6237-2012.pdf

The role of ice in the formation of chemically active halogens in the environment requires a full understanding because of its role in atmospheric chemistry, including controlling the regional atmospheric oxidizing capacity in specific situations. In particular, ice and snow are important for facilitating multiphase oxidative chemistry and as media upon which marine algae live. This paper reviews the nature of environmental ice substrates that participate in halogen chemistry, describes the reactions that occur on such substrates, presents the field evidence for ice-mediated halogen activation, summarizes our best understanding of ice-halogen activation mechanisms, and describes the current state of modeling these processes at different scales. Given the rapid pace of developments in the field, this paper largely addresses advances made in the past five years, with emphasis given to the polar boundary layer. The integrative nature of this field is highlighted in the presentation of work from the molecular to the regional scale, with a focus on understanding fundamental processes. This is essential for developing realistic parameterizations and descriptions of these processes for inclusion in larger scale models that are used to determine their regional and global impacts.

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