<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "http://dtd.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ACP</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ACP</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1680-7324</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus GmbH</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/acp-12-5603-2012</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Regional air-quality forecasting for the Pacific Northwest using MOPITT/TERRA assimilated carbon monoxide MOZART-4 forecasts as a near real-time boundary condition</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Herron-Thorpe</surname>
<given-names>F. L.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Mount</surname>
<given-names>G. H.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Emmons</surname>
<given-names>L. K.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Lamb</surname>
<given-names>B. K.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Chung</surname>
<given-names>S. H.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Vaughan</surname>
<given-names>J. K.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Department of Civil &amp; Environmental Engineering, Washington State University, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>28</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>12</volume>
<issue>12</issue>
<fpage>5603</fpage>
<lpage>5615</lpage>
<permissions>
<license xlink:type="simple">
<license-p>This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/12/5603/2012/acp-12-5603-2012.html">This article is available from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/12/5603/2012/acp-12-5603-2012.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/12/5603/2012/acp-12-5603-2012.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/12/5603/2012/acp-12-5603-2012.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Results from a regional air quality forecast model, AIRPACT-3, were compared
to AIRS carbon monoxide column densities for the spring of 2010 over the
Pacific Northwest. AIRPACT-3 column densities showed high correlation
(&lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt; &gt; 0.9) but were significantly biased (~25%)
with consistent under-predictions for spring months when there is significant
transport from Asia. The AIRPACT-3 CO bias relative to AIRS was eliminated
by incorporating dynamic boundary conditions derived from NCAR&apos;s MOZART
forecasts with assimilated MOPITT carbon monoxide. Changes in ozone-related
boundary conditions derived from MOZART forecasts are also discussed and
found to affect background levels by &amp;plusmn; 10 ppb but not found to
significantly affect peak ozone surface concentrations.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="13"/></counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body/>
<back>
<ref-list>
<title>References</title>
<ref id="ref1">
<label>1</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> % vor jede Referenz Al-Saadi, J., Soja, A. J., Pierce, R. B., Szykman, J., Wiedinmyer, C., Emmons, L., Kondragunta, S., Zhang, X., Kittaka, C., Schaack, T., and Bowman, K.: Intercomparison of near-real-time biomass burning emissions estimates constrained by satellite fire data, J. Appl. Remote Sens., 2, 021504, http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.2948785doi:10.1117/1.2948785, 2008. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref2">
<label>2</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Chen, J., Vaughan, J., Avise, J., O&apos;Neill, S., and Lamb, B.: Enhancement and evaluation of the AIRPACT-3 ozone and PM2.5 forecast system for the Pacific Northwest, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D14305, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009554doi:10.1029/2007JD009554, 2008.  </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref3">
<label>3</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Deeter, M. N., Edwards, D. P., Gille, J. C., Emmons, L. K., Francis, G., Ho, S.-P., Mao, D., Masters, D., Worden, H., Drummond, J. R., and Novelli P. C.: The MOPITT version 4 CO product: Algorithm enhancements, validation and long-term stability, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D07306, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009JD013005doi:10.1029/2009JD013005, 2010. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref4">
<label>4</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Emmons, L. K., Deeter, M. N., Gille, J. C., Edwards, D. P., Attié, J.-L., Warner, J., Ziskin, D., Francis, G., Khattatov, B., Yudin, V., Lamarque, J.-F., Ho, S.-P., Mao, D., Chen, J. S., Drummond, J., Novelli, P., Sachse, G., Coffey, M. T., Hannigan, J. W., Gerbig, C., Kawakami, S., Kondo, Y., Takegawa, N., Schlager, H., Baehr, J., and Ziereis, H.: Validation of Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) CO retrievals with aircraft in situ profiles, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D03309, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003JD004101doi:10.1029/2003JD004101, 2004. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref5">
<label>5</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Emmons, L. K., Walters, S., Hess, P. G., Lamarque, J.-F., Pfister, G. G., Fillmore, D., Granier, C., Guenther, A., Kinnison, D., Laepple, T., Orlando, J., Tie, X., Tyndall, G., Wiedinmyer, C., Baughcum, S. L., and Kloster, S.: Description and evaluation of the Model for Ozone and Related chemical Tracers, version 4 (MOZART-4), Geosci. Model Dev., 3, 43–67, http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-3-43-2010doi:10.5194/gmd-3-43-2010, 2010.  </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref6">
<label>6</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Goldstein, A. H., Millet, D. B., McKay, M., Jaegl\textasciiacute e, L., Horowitz, L., Cooper, O., Hudman, R., Jacob, D. J., Oltmans, S., and Clarke, A.: Impact of Asian emissions on observations at Trinidad Head, California, during ITCT 2K2, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D23S17, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003JD004406doi:10.1029/2003JD004406, 2004. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref7">
<label>7</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Jaffe, D. A. and Ray, J.: Increase in surface ozone at rural sites in the western US, Atmos. Environ., 41, 5452–5463, 2007. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref8">
<label>8</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Jaffe, D. A., Anderson, T., Covert, D., Trost, B., Danielson, J., Simpson, W., Blake, D., Harris, J., and Streets, D.: Observations of ozone and related species in the northeast Pacific during the PHOBEA campaigns: 1. Ground-based observations as Cheeka Peak, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 7449–7461, 2001. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref9">
<label>9</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Jaffe, D., Price, H., Parrish, D. D., Goldstein, A., and Harris, J.: Increasing background ozone during spring on the west coast of North America, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1613, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003GL017024doi:10.1029/2003GL017024, 2003. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref10">
<label>10</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Jaffe, D., Prestbo, E., Swartzendruber, P., Weiss-Penzias, P., Kato, S., Takami, A., Hatakeyama, S., and Kajii, Y.: Export of atmospheric mercury from Asia, Atmos. Environ., 39, 3029–3038, 2005.  </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref11">
<label>11</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Herron-Thorpe, F. L., Lamb, B. K., Mount, G. H., and Vaughan, J. K.: Evaluation of a regional air quality forecast model for tropospheric NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; columns using the OMI/Aura satellite tropospheric NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; product, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 8839–8854, http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-8839-2010doi:10.5194/acp-10-8839-2010, 2010. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref12">
<label>12</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Horowitz, L. W.: Past, present, and future concentrations of tropospheric ozone and aerosols: Methodology, ozone evaluation, and sensitivity to aerosol wet removal, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D22211, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006937doi:10.1029/2005JD006937, 2006. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref13">
<label>13</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Horowitz, L., Walters, S., Mauzerall, D., Emmons, L., Rasch, P., Granier, C., Tie, X., Lamarque, J.-F., Schultz, M., Tyndall, G., Orlando, J., and Brasseur, G.: A global simulation of tropospheric ozone and related tracers: Description and evaluation of MOZART, version 2, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4784, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002853doi:10.1029/2002JD002853, 2003. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref14">
<label>14</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Houyoux, M., Vukovich, J., and Brandmeyer, J. E.: Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions (SMOKE) modeling system v2.1 user manual, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, available at: http://www.smoke-model.org/version2.1/html/ (last access: January 2012), 2005. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref15">
<label>15</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Lamarque, J.-F., Khattatov, B., Yudin, V., Edwards, D. P., Gille, J. C., Emmons, L. K., Deeter, M. N., Warner, J., Ziskin, D. C., Francis, G. L., Ho, S., Mao, D., Chen, J., and Drummond, J. R.: Application of a bias estimator for the improved assimilation of MOPITT carbon monoxide retrievals, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D16304, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003JD004466doi:10.1029/2003JD004466, 2004. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref16">
<label>16</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Liang, Q., Jaeglé, L., Jaffe, D. A., Weiss-Penzias, P., Heckman, A., and Snow, J. A.: Long-range transport of Asian pollution to the northeast Pacific: Seasonal variations and transport pathways of carbon monoxide, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D23S07, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003JD004402doi:10.1029/2003JD004402, 2004. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref17">
<label>17</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Liu, H., Jacob, D. J., Bey, I., Yantosca, R. M., Duncan, B. N., and Sachse, G. W.: Transport pathways for Asian pollution outflow over the Pacific: Interannual and seasonal variations, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 8786, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2002JD003102doi:10.1029/2002JD003102, 2003. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref18">
<label>18</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Liwen, P., Gille, J., Edwards, D., Bailey, P., and Rodgers, C.: Retrieval of tropospheric carbon monoxide for the MOPITT experiment, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 32277–32290, 1998. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref19">
<label>19</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Maddy, E. S. and Barnet, C. D.: Vertical resolution estimates in version 5 of AIRS operational retrievals, IEEE T. Geosci. Remote, 46, 2375–2384, http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2008.917498doi:10.1109/TGRS.2008.917498, 2008. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref20">
<label>20</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Mass, C. F., Albright, M., Ovens, D., Steed, R., MacIver, M., Grimit, E., Eckel, T., Lamb, B., Vaughan, J., Westrick, K., Storck, P., Colman, B., Hill, C., Maykut, N., Gilroy, M., Ferguson, S. A., Yetter, J., Sierchio, J. M., Bowman, C., Stender, R., Wilson, R., and Brown, W.: Regional Environmental Prediction over the Pacific Northwest, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 84, 1353–1366, 2003. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref21">
<label>21</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Olsen, E. T., Fishbein, E., Lee, S. Y., Manning, E., Maddy, E., and McMillan, W. W.: AIRS/AMSU/HSB Version 5 Level 2 Product Levels, Layers and Trapezoids, Retrieval Channel Sets, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 2007a.  </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref22">
<label>22</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Otte, T. L. and Pleim, J. E.: The Meteorology-Chemistry Interface Processor (MCIP) for the CMAQ modeling system: updates through MCIPv3.4.1, Geosci. Model Dev., 3, 243–256, http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-3-243-2010doi:10.5194/gmd-3-243-2010, 2010. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref23">
<label>23</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Paton-Walsh, C., Emmons, L. K., and Wilson, S. R.: Estimated total emissions of trace gases from the Canberra Wildfires of 2003: a new method using satellite measurements of aerosol optical depth &amp; the MOZART chemical transport model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 5739–5748, http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-5739-2010doi:10.5194/acp-10-5739-2010, 2010. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref24">
<label>24</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Rasch, P. J., Mahowald, N. M., and Eaton, B. E.: Representations of transport, convection, and the hydrologic cycle in chemical transport models: Implications for the modeling of short-lived and soluble species, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 28127–28138, 1997.  </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref25">
<label>25</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Rodgers, C.: Inverse Methods for Atmospheric Sounding: Theory and Practice, World Sci., Hackensack, NJ, 2000.  </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref26">
<label>26</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Skamarock, W. C., Klemp, J. B., Dudhia, J., O.Gill, D., Barker, D. M., Wang, W., and Powers, J. G.: A Description of the Advanced Research WRF Version 2, Boulder, Colorado, National Center for Atmospheric Research, 2005. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref27">
<label>27</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Tang, Y. H., Carmichael, G. R., Thongboonchoo, N., Chai, T. F., Horowitz, L. W., Pierce, R., Al-Saadi, J. A., Pfister, G., Vukovich, J. M., Avery, M. A., Sachse, G. W., Ryerson, T. B., Holloway, J. S., Atlas, E. L., Flocke, F. M., Weber, R. J., Huey, L. G., Dibb, J. E., Streets, D., and Brune, W. H.: Influence of lateral and top boundary conditions on regional air quality prediction: A multiscale study coupling regional and global chemical transport models, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D10S18, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007515doi:10.1029/2006JD007515, 2007. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref28">
<label>28</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> van der Werf, G. R., Randerson, J. T., Giglio, L., Collatz, G. J., Kasibhatla, P. S., and Arellano Jr., A. F.: Interannual variability in global biomass burning emissions from 1997 to 2004, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 3423–3441, http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-3423-2006doi:10.5194/acp-6-3423-2006, 2006. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref29">
<label>29</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Yienger, J. J., Galanter, M., Holloway, T. A., Phadnis, M. J., Guttikunda, S. K., Carmichael, G. R., Moxim, W. J., and Levy, H.: The episodic nature of air pollution transport from Asia to North America, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 26931–26945, 2000. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref30">
<label>30</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Zhang, L., Jacob, D. J., Boersma, K. F., Jaffe, D. A., Olson, J. R., Bowman, K. W., Worden, J. R., Thompson, A. M., Avery, M. A., Cohen, R. C., Dibb, J. E., Flock, F. M., Fuelberg, H. E., Huey, L. G., McMillan, W. W., Singh, H. B., and Weinheimer, A. J.: \noindent Transpacific transport of ozone pollution and the effect of recent Asian emission increases on air quality in North America: an integrated analysis using satellite, aircraft, ozonesonde, and surface observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 6117–6136, http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-6117-2008doi:10.5194/acp-8-6117-2008, 2008. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>