ACP Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ACP 1680-7324 Copernicus GmbH Göttingen, Germany 10.5194/acp-12-3591-2012 Amine substitution into sulfuric acid – ammonia clusters Kupiainen O. 1 Ortega I. K. 1 Kurtén T. 2 Vehkamäki H. 1 Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Department of Physics, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 55, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland 16 04 2012 12 8 3591 3599 This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. This article is available from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/12/3591/2012/acp-12-3591-2012.html The full text article is available as a PDF file from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/12/3591/2012/acp-12-3591-2012.pdf

The substitution of ammonia by dimethylamine in sulfuric acid – ammonia – dimethylamine clusters was studied using a collision and evaporation dynamics model. Quantum chemical formation free energies were computed using B3LYP/CBSB7 for geometries and frequencies and RI-CC2/aug-cc-pV(T+d)Z for electronic energies. We first demonstrate the good performance of our method by a comparison with an experimental study investigating base substitution in positively charged clusters, and then continue by simulating base exchange in neutral clusters, which cannot be measured directly. Collisions of a dimethylamine molecule with an ammonia containing positively charged cluster result in the instantaneous evaporation of an ammonia molecule, while the dimethylamine molecule remains in the cluster. According to our simulations, a similar base exchange can take place in neutral clusters, although the overall process is more complicated. Neutral sulfuric acid – ammonia clusters are significantly less stable than their positively charged counterparts, resulting in a competition between cluster evaporation and base exchange.

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