References

ACP

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

ACP

1680-7324

Copernicus GmbH

Göttingen, Germany

10.5194/acp-12-11339-2012

CALIPSO observations of transatlantic dust: vertical stratification and effect of clouds

Yang

¹ ² Marshak

² Várnai

² ³ Kalashnikova

O. V.

⁴ Kostinski

A. B.

⁵

Goddard Earth Sciences Technology and Research, Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD 21044, USA

NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA

Joint Center for Earth System Technology, University of Maryland at Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA

Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Ms 180–401, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA

Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA

03 12 2012

12 23 11339 11354

This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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We use CALIOP nighttime measurements of lidar backscatter, color and depolarization ratios, as well as particulate retrievals during the summer of 2007 to study transatlantic dust properties downwind of Saharan sources, and to examine the influence of nearby clouds on dust. Our analysis suggests that (1) under clear skies, while lidar backscatter and color ratio do not change much with altitude and longitude in the Saharan Air Layer (SAL), depolarization ratio increases with altitude and decreases westward in the SAL; (2) the vertical lapse rate of dust depolarization ratio, introduced here, increases within SAL as plumes move westward; (3) nearby clouds barely affect the backscatter and color ratio of dust volumes within SAL but not so below SAL. Moreover, the presence of nearby clouds tends to decrease the depolarization of dust volumes within SAL. Finally, (4) the odds of CALIOP finding dust below SAL next to clouds are about &frac23; of those far away from clouds. This feature, together with an apparent increase in depolarization ratio near clouds, indicates that particles in some dust volumes loose asphericity in the humid air near clouds, and cannot be identified by CALIPSO as dust.

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