ACP Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ACP 1680-7324 Copernicus GmbH Göttingen, Germany 10.5194/acp-12-10667-2012 Effects of atmospheric conditions on ice nucleation activity of <i>Pseudomonas</i> Attard E. 1 2 Yang H. 3 Delort A.-M. 1 2 Amato P. 1 2 Pöschl U. 3 Glaux C. 4 Koop T. 5 Morris C. E. 2 4 Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France CNRS, UMR6296, ICCF, BP 80026, 63171 Aubière, France Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Multiphase Chemistry Department, 55128 Mainz, Germany INRA, UR407 Pathologie Végétale, 84140 Montfavet, France Bielefeld University, Faculty of Chemistry, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany 16 11 2012 12 22 10667 10677 This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. This article is available from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/12/10667/2012/acp-12-10667-2012.html The full text article is available as a PDF file from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/12/10667/2012/acp-12-10667-2012.pdf

Although ice nuclei from bacterial origin are known to be efficient at the highest temperatures known for ice catalysts, quantitative data are still needed to assess their role in cloud processes. Here we studied the effects of three typical cloud conditions (i) acidic pH (ii) NO<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>3</sub> exposure and (iii) UV-A exposure on the ice nucleation activity (INA) of four <i>Pseudomonas</i> strains. Three of the <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> strains were isolated from cloud water and the phyllosphere and <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> strain CGina-01 was isolated from Antarctic glacier ice melt. Among the three conditions tested, acidic pH caused the most significant effects on INA likely due to denaturation of the ice nucleation protein complex. Exposure to NO<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>3</sub> gases had no significant or only weak effects on the INA of two <i>P. syringae</i> strains whereas the INA of <i>P. fluorescens</i> CGina-01 was significantly affected. The INA of the third <i>P. syringae</i> strain showed variable responses to NO<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>3</sub> exposure. These differences in the INA of different <i>Pseudomonas</i> suggest that the response to atmospheric conditions could be strain-specific. After UV-A exposure, a substantial loss of viability of all four strains was observed whereas their INA decreased only slightly. This corroborates the notion that under certain conditions dead bacterial cells can maintain their INA. Overall, the negative effects of the three environmental factors on INA were more significant at the warmer temperatures. Our results suggest that in clouds where temperatures are near 0 °C, the importance of bacterial ice nucleation in precipitation processes could be reduced by some environmental factors.

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