ACP Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ACP 1680-7324 Copernicus GmbH Göttingen, Germany 10.5194/acp-12-10649-2012 Aircraft-based observations and high-resolution simulations of an Icelandic dust storm Blechschmidt A.-M. 1 2 7 Kristjánsson J. E. 1 Ólafsson H. 3 4 Burkhart J. F. 5 Hodnebrog Ø. 1 8 Rosenberg P. D. 6 Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway NCAS-Weather, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, UK Department of Physics, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway Norwegian Institue for Air Research (NILU), Kjeller, Norway School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK now at: Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany now at: Center for International Climate and Environmental Research-Oslo (CICERO), Oslo, Norway 16 11 2012 12 22 10649 10666 This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. This article is available from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/12/10649/2012/acp-12-10649-2012.html The full text article is available as a PDF file from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/12/10649/2012/acp-12-10649-2012.pdf

The first aircraft-based observations of an Icelandic dust storm are presented. The measurements were carried out over the ocean near Iceland's south coast in February 2007. This dust event occurred in conjunction with an easterly barrier jet of more than 30 m s<sup>−1</sup>. The aircraft measurements show high particle mass mixing ratios in an area of low wind speeds in the wake of Iceland near the coast, decreasing abruptly towards the jet. Simulations from the Weather Research and Forecasting Model coupled with Chemistry (WRF/Chem) indicate that the measured high mass mixing ratios and observed low visibility inside the wake are due to dust transported from Icelandic sand fields towards the ocean. This is confirmed by meteorological station data. Glacial outwash terrains located near the Mýrdalsjökull glacier are among simulated dust sources. Sea salt aerosols produced by the impact of strong winds on the ocean surface started to dominate as the aircraft flew away from Iceland into the jet. The present results support recent studies which suggest that Icelandic deserts should be considered as important dust sources in global and regional climate models.

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